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一,二,三,一、表示邏輯聯(lián)系的并列連詞 由并列連詞將兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上平等關(guān)系的簡(jiǎn)單句連接在一起構(gòu)成的句子叫并列句。其結(jié)構(gòu)模式是:簡(jiǎn)單句+并列連詞+簡(jiǎn)單句。 1.聯(lián)合或遞進(jìn)關(guān)系 常用的連詞有and(同,和),not only.but (also).(不僅……而且……),neither.nor.(既不……也不……),as well as(既……又……;以及)等。如: He helps me and I help him.他幫我,我?guī)退?Not only did he give us a lot of advice,but he also helped us to study English. 他不僅給了我們很多建議,并且還幫助我們學(xué)英語(yǔ)。,一,二,三,2.選擇關(guān)系 常用的連詞有or(或者,否則),otherwise(否則),or else(否則),either.or(不是……就是)。如: Hurry up,or (else) you’ll be late. 快點(diǎn)兒,否則就會(huì)遲到了。 Will he still be there or will he have gone away? 他那時(shí)還在那里還是已經(jīng)走了? 3.轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系 常用的連詞有but(但是,可是,只是因?yàn)?,while(而,卻),yet(可是)等。如: It never rains but it pours.禍不單行。 I like tea while she likes coffee. 我喜歡喝茶而她喜歡喝咖啡。(while強(qiáng)調(diào)兩者的對(duì)比) She said she would be late,yet she arrived on time. 她說(shuō)她會(huì)遲到,但她卻準(zhǔn)時(shí)到達(dá)了。,一,二,三,(1)副詞still(仍然),however(然而)也表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。 He is good-natured;still I don’t like him. 他脾氣很好,可是我還是不喜歡他。 The book is expensive;however,it’s worth it. 這本書很貴;卻很值。 (2) but,while不與although連用,但yet,still可與although連用。 Although she felt ill,she still went to work. 她雖然感覺(jué)不舒服,但她仍然去上班。,一,二,三,4.因果關(guān)系 常用的連詞有for(因?yàn)?和so(所以,因此)等。如: I am thirsty,for it is hot. 我口渴,因?yàn)樘鞖馓珶帷?The manager was ill,so I went in her place. 經(jīng)理病了,所以我代她去。 5.when(=and just at this time)用作并列連詞意思是“就在這時(shí)/那時(shí)”,主要用于was/were doing sth.when sth./sb.did;was/were about to do sth.when sth./sb.did;was/were on the point of doing sth.when sth./sb.did等句型中,表示“當(dāng)某人或某物正在或正要做某事,就在這時(shí)突然又發(fā)生了另一件事”。 I was just leaving when the telephone rang. 我正要離開(kāi),電話鈴響了。,一,二,三,二、狀語(yǔ)從句的類型以及連詞的選擇 狀語(yǔ)從句可分為時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因、條件、結(jié)果、讓步、方式、比較、目的狀語(yǔ)從句等。通過(guò)主從句之間的邏輯關(guān)系來(lái)判斷狀語(yǔ)從句的類型,再根據(jù)意義選擇使用恰當(dāng)?shù)倪B接詞。同時(shí),要注意主從句時(shí)態(tài)搭配的問(wèn)題。當(dāng)主句用一般將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)時(shí),狀語(yǔ)從句通常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),有時(shí)亦可用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)。,一,二,三,1.引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的從屬連詞 (1) 表示“當(dāng)……時(shí)候”或“每當(dāng)”的時(shí)間連詞。主要的有when,while,as,whenever。如: Don’t talk while you’re eating. 吃飯時(shí)不要說(shuō)話。 Vegetables are best when they are fresh. 蔬菜新鮮時(shí)最好吃。 He came just as I was leaving. 我正要走時(shí)他來(lái)了。,一,二,三,when,while與as引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別 當(dāng)主句動(dòng)作是非延續(xù)的,從句動(dòng)作是延續(xù)的時(shí),三者都可以用。 as強(qiáng)調(diào)主、從句動(dòng)作同時(shí)或幾乎同時(shí)發(fā)生。 while從句的謂語(yǔ)必須是延續(xù)的,不能是非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。 She sang as we walked.I listened carefully while she was singing,and we felt happy when we got home.,一,二,三,(2) 表示“在……之前(或之后)”的時(shí)間連詞。主要的有before,after。如: Try to finish your work before you leave. 離開(kāi)前設(shè)法把工作做完。 After we have finished tea,we will sit on the grass. 喝完茶之后我們將坐在草地上。 (3) 表示“自從”或“直到”的時(shí)間連詞。主要的有since,until,till。如: She’s been playing tennis since she was eight. 她從八歲起就打網(wǎng)球了。 Hold on until I fetch help.堅(jiān)持一下,等我找人來(lái)幫忙。 Never trouble trouble till trouble troubles you.(諺)不要無(wú)事惹事。,一,二,三,(4) 表示“一……就……”的時(shí)間連詞主要的有as soon as,the moment,the minute,the second,the instant,immediately,directly,instantly,once,no sooner.than,hardly.when等。如: I’ll let you know as soon as I hear from her. 我一接到她的信就通知你。 The moment I have finished I’ll give you a call. 我一干完就給你打電話。 I came immediately I heard the news. 我一聽(tīng)到這個(gè)消息,馬上就來(lái)了。 Once you begin you must continue. 你一旦開(kāi)始,便不可停下來(lái)。,一,二,三,(5) 表示“上次”“下次”“每次”等的時(shí)間連詞。主要的有every time(每次),each time(每次),(the) next time(下次),any time(隨時(shí)),(the) last time(上次),the first time(第一次)。如: I’ll tell him about it (the) next time I see him. 我下一次見(jiàn)到他時(shí),我就把這個(gè)情況告訴他。 We lose a few skin cells every time we wash our hands. 每當(dāng)我們洗手的時(shí)候,我們都要損失一些皮膚細(xì)胞。 You can call me any time you want to. 你隨時(shí)都可以給我打電話。,一,二,三,2.引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句的從屬連詞。這類連詞主要有if,unless,as/so long as,in case,once,on condition that,provided/providing (that),suppose/supposing (that) 等。如: Don’t come unless I telephone. 除非我打電話,否則你別來(lái)。 As long as you’re happy,it doesn’t matter what you do. 只要你高興,你做什么都沒(méi)關(guān)系。 In case it rains they will stay at home. 萬(wàn)一下雨,他們就待在家里。,一,二,三,3.引導(dǎo)目的狀語(yǔ)從句的從屬連詞。主要的有 in order that,so that,in case(以免,以防),for fear等。如: He raised his voice so that everyone could hear. 他提高了嗓音,以便每個(gè)人都能聽(tīng)見(jiàn)。 Take your umbrella (just) in case it rains. 帶上雨傘,以防下雨。 4.引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句的從屬連詞。主要的有so that,so.that,such.that等。如: I went to the lecture early so that I got a good seat. 我去聽(tīng)演講去得很早,所以找了個(gè)好座位。 I had so many falls that I was black and blue all over. 我摔了許多跤,以至于全身都是青一塊紫一塊的。 He shut the window with such force that the glass broke. 他關(guān)窗子用力很大,結(jié)果玻璃震破了。,一,二,三,5.引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句的從屬連詞。主要的有because,as,since,seeing (that),now (that),considering (that),in that等。表示“因?yàn)椤钡倪B詞不能與表示“所以”的 so 連用。,because,since,as,for的用法區(qū)別 (1)because的語(yǔ)氣最強(qiáng),表示直接原因,可用于回答 why 提出的問(wèn)題、引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句、用于強(qiáng)調(diào)句等,而其余三者均不行: “Why didn’t he come?” “Because he was ill.” “他為什么沒(méi)來(lái)?”“因?yàn)樗×??！?It is because he is honest that I like him. 是因?yàn)樗\(chéng)實(shí)我才喜歡他。 (2) since側(cè)重主句,從句表示顯然的或已為人所知的理由,常譯為“因?yàn)椤?、“既然?語(yǔ)氣比because稍弱,通常置于句首,表示一種含有勉強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣的原因。如: Since he asks you,you’ll tell him why. 他既然問(wèn)你,那就告訴他為什么吧。,一,二,三,(3) as是常用詞,它表示的“原因”是雙方已知的事實(shí)或顯而易見(jiàn)的原因,或者理由不是很重要,含義與since相同,但語(yǔ)氣更弱,沒(méi)有since正式,常譯為“由于,鑒于”。從句說(shuō)明原因,主句說(shuō)明結(jié)果,主從并重。例如: As I had a cold,I was absent from school. 因?yàn)槲腋忻傲?所以沒(méi)去上課。 (4)for可表示因果關(guān)系,也可對(duì)前面分句的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行解釋或推斷,此時(shí)不能與because換用。 It must have rained last night,for the ground is wet this morning. 昨晚一定下過(guò)雨,你看今早上地面是濕的。,一,二,三,6.引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句的從屬連詞。主要的有although,though,even though,even if,while,however,whatever,whoever,whenever,wherever,whether.or.等。如: Although they are twins,they look entirely different. 他們雖是孿生,但是相貌卻完全不同。 You won’t move that stone,however strong you are. 不管你力氣多大,也休想搬動(dòng)那塊石頭。 Whatever we have achieved,we owe to your support. 我們?nèi)〉玫囊磺谐删投細(xì)w功于你們的支持。 Whether you believe it or not,it is true. 不管你相信與否,那都是真的。,一,二,三,(1)though引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí),可用正常語(yǔ)序,也可用倒裝語(yǔ)序;as引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)只能用倒裝語(yǔ)序,即從句中的表語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)或動(dòng)詞原形置于句首,若表語(yǔ)是單數(shù)名詞,前置時(shí)要省略冠詞。 Happy as they were,there was something missing. 盡管他們很快樂(lè),但總?cè)鄙冱c(diǎn)什么。 (2)although與though都可以與yet,still連用,但不能和but連用。though還可以作副詞,意為“可是,然而”,置于句末。 I’ve a bit of cold.It is nothing much,though. 我有點(diǎn)感冒,不過(guò)不太嚴(yán)重。 (3)while引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí),一般置于句首。 While I admit that there are problems,I don’t agree that they cannot be solved. 盡管我承認(rèn)有問(wèn)題存在,但我不同意說(shuō)這些問(wèn)題不能解決。,一,二,三,7.引導(dǎo)方式狀語(yǔ)從句的從屬連詞。主要的有as,as if,as though,the way等。如: Why didn’t you catch the last bus as I told you to? 你怎么不聽(tīng)我的話趕乘末班公共汽車呢? He bent the iron bar as if it had been made of rubber. 他將鐵棍折彎,仿佛那是用橡膠做成的。 Nobody else loves you the way(=as) I do. 沒(méi)有人像我這樣愛(ài)你。,一,二,三,8.引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句的從屬連詞。主要的有where,wherever,everywhere,anywhere等。如: I’ll take you anywhere you like. 你想到哪兒我就帶你到哪兒。 Everywhere I go,I find the same thing. 不管我走到哪里,我都發(fā)現(xiàn)同樣情況。 9.引導(dǎo)比較狀語(yǔ)從句的從屬連詞。主要的有than和as.as。如: She is now happier than she has ever been. 現(xiàn)在她比過(guò)去任何時(shí)候都快活。 He doesn’t work as hard as she does. 他工作不像她那樣努力。,一,二,三,三、狀語(yǔ)從句的幾個(gè)常見(jiàn)句型 1.before 表示“在……之前,還沒(méi)……就……;……才……;趁……,還沒(méi)來(lái)得及……”,常用句型為: It will (not) be+一段時(shí)間+before. 過(guò)……時(shí)間才……/沒(méi)過(guò)……時(shí)間就…… It was not long before.不久……就…… It was+時(shí)間段+before.過(guò)了……(時(shí)間)才…… It will be two years before he leaves the country. 再過(guò)兩年他才會(huì)離開(kāi)這個(gè)國(guó)家。 It wasn’t two years before he left the country. 不到兩年他就離開(kāi)了這個(gè)國(guó)家。,一,二,三,2.since表示“自從……以來(lái)”,常用句型為: It is/has been+一段時(shí)間+since.(從句用一般過(guò)去時(shí)) It was+一段時(shí)間+since.(從句用過(guò)去完成時(shí)) since引導(dǎo)的從句如果用非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞,所表示的動(dòng)作自從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作算起;若用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞,所表示的動(dòng)作自動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)的完成或結(jié)束時(shí)算起。 It’s two years since we arrived here. 我們到這兒兩年了。 It’s three years since we lived here. 我們不住在這里有三年了。 3.It be +時(shí)間點(diǎn)+when.表示“當(dāng)……時(shí),時(shí)間是……”。 It was five o’clock when he got home. 他回到家時(shí)已是五點(diǎn)了。(比較強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu):It was at five o’clock that he got home.),一,二,三,4.such.that 的常用句型 such +a/an +形容詞+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)+that. such +形容詞+不可數(shù)名詞+that. such+形容詞+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)+that. 注意“so many (much,few,little) +名詞”,“such a lot of (或lots of)+名詞”是習(xí)慣用法。 She is such a lovely girl that we all like her. 她如此可愛(ài),我們都喜歡她。 5.so+形容詞或副詞+that. so+形容詞+a/an+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)+that. It was so hot a day that we all went swimming. 天如此熱,我們都去游泳了。,Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅰ.完成句子(高考真題變式訓(xùn)練) 1.The meaning of the word “nice” changed a few times it finally came to include the sense “pleasant”. 2. the forest park is far away,a lot of tourists visit it every year. 3.You will never gain success you are fully devoted to your work. 4.Lessons can be learned to face the future, history cannot be changed. 5.It was the middle of the night my father woke me up and told me to watch the football game. 6.The young couple,who returned my lost wallet,left I could ask for their names.,before,Even though/if,unless,though,when,before,Ⅰ,Ⅱ,7.I’ll be out for some time. anything important happens,call me up immediately. 8. you start eating in a healthier way,weight control will become much easier. 9.Cathy had quit her job when her son was born she could stay home and raise her family. 10.Half an hour later,Lucy still couldn’t get a taxi the bus had dropped her.,In case,Once,so that,where,Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅱ.單句改錯(cuò) 1.How can a person recover from emotional problems?A popular opinion suggests that he watch humorous films.And a recent study proves this to be wrong. 2.Influenced by them,I read widely during my early age,but I’ve developed a great interest in arts and sports. 3.The American Indians were not always friends of the Dutch,nor were the English.But the Dutch built the wooden wall to protect themselves. 4.When I said thanks to her,and she gave me a big smile. 5.I got extremely interested in foreign cultures or customs.,答案: And→But,答案:but→and,答案:ut→So,答案:去掉When或and,答案:r→and,Ⅰ,Ⅱ,6.One of my friends cannot speak three foreign languages;so can his wife. 7.Last summer I went to Xi’an with my parents.We visited many places of interest as the temperature was over 38℃. 8.He is so busy.He cannot afford enough time with his son as if he wants to. 9.Until we have enough evidence,we can’t win the case. 10.She was such a proud person that she would die after she would admit she was wrong.,答案:so→neither/nor,答案:as→though,答案:as →even,答案:Until→Unless,答案:after→before,