單擊此處編輯母版標(biāo)題樣式,單擊此處編輯母版文本樣式,第二級(jí),第三級(jí),第四級(jí),第五級(jí),*,*,單擊此處編輯母版標(biāo)題樣式,單擊此處編輯母版文本樣式,第二級(jí),英語(yǔ)名詞與冠詞,詞類(lèi),語(yǔ)法（,Grammar,）,英語(yǔ)中的詞,名詞,可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞。Eg：water，milk。不可數(shù)的。,desk，chair，apple?？蓴?shù)的,可數(shù)名詞的變形規(guī)則,一般是在單數(shù)名詞后面直接加,S,：apple(蘋(píng)果)-apple,s,orange(橘子)-orange,s,Student（學(xué)生）-student,s,book（書(shū)本）-book,s,table（桌子）-table,s,如果單數(shù)名詞以,s,x,ch,sh,tch,結(jié)尾的，變成復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)需要在名詞后面加,es,:,bus(公共汽車(chē))-bus,es,，brush(刷子)-brush,es,box(箱子)-box,es,，watch（手表）-watch,es,一般以,y,結(jié)尾的單數(shù)名字在變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)要將,y,變成,i,再加,es:,country(國(guó)家)-countr,ies,，university（大學(xué)）-universit,ies,特殊情況：如果y前面是元音字母（,a,e,i,o,u,）的單數(shù)名詞,y,不變直接加,s:,boy(男孩)-boy,s,，day(白天)-day,s，,toy(玩具)-toy,s,以,O,結(jié)尾的名詞的變形：1.加,es,:negro(黑奴)-negro,es,hero(英雄)-hero,es,，potato（土豆）-potato,es,tomato(西紅柿)-tomato,es,2.加,s,:photo(照片)-photo,s,，kilo（千克）-kilo,s,radio(收音機(jī))-radio,s,zoo(動(dòng)物園)-zoo,s,以,f,或者,fe,結(jié)尾的單數(shù)名詞變法：1.一般是把,f,或者,fe,變成,v,再加,es,：half（半）hal,ves,knife（小刀）kni,ves,leaf（葉子）lea,ves,wolf（狼）wol,ves,wife（妻子）wi,ves,life（生活，生命）li,ves,thief（小偷）thie,ves,shelf(書(shū)架)shel,ves,2.有些加,s,:roof(屋頂)roof,s,safe(保險(xiǎn)箱),safe,s,belief(信念，信仰)belief,s,Gulf(海灣)gulf,s,不規(guī)則單數(shù)名詞的變法：,M,a,n(男人)-m,e,n wom,a,n(女人)-wom,e,n f,oo,t(腳)-f,ee,t t,oo,th(牙齒)-t,ee,th,Child(孩子)-child,ren,m,ouse,(老鼠)-m,ice,g,oo,se(鵝)-g,ee,se,形復(fù)意單：,News(新聞，消息)politics(政治)mathematics(數(shù)學(xué))means(方法),形單意復(fù)：,People(人民)police(警察),單復(fù)數(shù)同形：Chinese，Japanese，sheep,復(fù)合詞變復(fù)數(shù)：,son-in-law(女婿)-son-in-law,s,looker-on(旁觀者)-looker,s,-on,tooth-brush(牙刷)-tooth-brush,es,m,a,n doctor(男醫(yī)生)-m,e,n doctor,s,wom,a,n professor(女教授)-wom,e,n professor,s,漢語(yǔ)中可數(shù)英語(yǔ)中不可數(shù)：,furniture(家具)-a piece of furniture(一件家具),bread(面包)-a loaf of bread(一個(gè)面包),形復(fù)數(shù)意也是復(fù)數(shù)：,trousers(褲子)goods(貨物)clothes(衣服),練習(xí),把下列名詞變成復(fù)數(shù)。,1.ship,2.horse,3.bus,4.box,5.knife,6.country,7.boy,8.tomato,9.radio,10.hero,11.foot,12.leaf,13.policeman,14.child,15.man teacher,ships,horses,buses,boxes,knives,countries,boys,tomatoes,radios,heroes,feet,leaves,policemen,children,men teachers,2.把下列詞組翻譯成英語(yǔ),十個(gè)英雄,三臺(tái)收音機(jī),許多城市,兩只腳,四個(gè)孩子,一雙鞋,two feet,three radios,many cities,ten heroes,four children,a pair of shoes,名詞所有格,有些表示時(shí)間、距離、自然現(xiàn)象、國(guó)家、城市、團(tuán)體、機(jī)構(gòu)、度量衡及價(jià)值等無(wú)生命東西的名詞也可加s來(lái)構(gòu)成所有格。如：,todays newspaper ten minutes ride,the worlds population Chinas industry,節(jié)日表達(dá)方式,New Years Day Womens Day,Childrens Day St.Valentines Day,名詞所有格,表示無(wú)生命東西的名詞，通常采用“of+名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)表示。如the window of the room等；“of+抽象名詞（importance，help,value,use)相當(dāng)于對(duì)應(yīng)的形容詞，如of importance=important.,雙重所有格,“of+s”結(jié)構(gòu)或“of+名詞性物主代詞”叫做雙重所有格。如：a friend of my fathers我父親的一個(gè)朋友，a picture of mine我的一張照片。,雙重所有格與of所有格的不同。如：,He is a friend of your husbands.他是你丈夫的一個(gè)朋友。（強(qiáng)調(diào)你丈夫的朋友不止一個(gè)）,He is a friend of your husband.他是你丈夫的朋友。（強(qiáng)調(diào)他對(duì)你丈夫的友好）,冠詞（,articles）,冠詞（,articles）,含義：冠詞是一種,虛詞,用在名詞或名詞詞組的前面,表示名詞是,特指還是泛指,。,不定冠詞,a,an（,泛指）,定冠詞,the（,特指）,零冠詞,冠詞,一,.a/an,用于可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)形式前，表示,一,_notebook _ old man,_useful book _ hour,遇到元音要施恩（,n,）,判斷一個(gè)詞是以元音開(kāi)頭還是以輔音開(kāi)頭，是根據(jù),讀音,而不是根據(jù)字母。,二,.,籠統(tǒng)概念:,一類(lèi)人或一種東西,1.,A bird can fly.,2._,（horse）is useful to mankind.,三,.,表示身份、職業(yè),1.My mother is a teacher.,四,.,抽象名詞具體化,1.The dictionary is,a great help,to us.,定冠詞,the,一,.,用以,特指,某（些）人或某（些）事物,Do you know the man in back?,二,.,用以復(fù)述上文提過(guò)的人或事物（第一次提到用,“a,或,an”,，以后再提到用,“the”,）,從前森林里住著一只獅子,.,每天這只獅子要小動(dòng)物們?yōu)樗麑ふ沂澄铩?1.Once there lived,a lion,in the forest.Every day,the lion,asked small animals to look for food for him.,1.,I bought,_,from Xinhua book-shop.,_,costs 15 yuan.,(book),2.,I saw,_,film yesterday.,_,was ended at eight oclock.,(film),三,.,表示世界上宇宙中,獨(dú)一無(wú)二,的事物,the sun,太陽(yáng),the moon,月,地球,_,天空,_,世界,_,四,.,用在序數(shù)詞和形容詞最高級(jí)前,1.January is,the first,month of the year.,一月份是一年當(dāng)中的第一個(gè)月。,2.Shanghai is,the biggest,city in China.,上海是中國(guó)最大的城市,。,五,.,在姓氏復(fù)數(shù)前，表示一家人,The Bakers,came to see me yesterday.,貝克一家人昨天來(lái)看我。,六,.,指由普通名詞構(gòu)成的專(zhuān)有名詞,聯(lián)合國(guó),the United Nations,美國(guó),the United States,西湖,_,長(zhǎng)城,_,七,.,表示方向、方位,in the east,在東方,in the west,在西方,in the front,在前面,at the back,在后面,in the bottom,在底部,at the top,在頂部,on the right,在右邊,on the left,在左邊,八,.,和某些形容詞連用，使形容詞名詞化，代表一類(lèi)人或物,(,the+adj.,),the sick,病人,the good,好人,窮人,_,富人,_,美麗的事物,_,九,.,在海洋、江河、湖泊、山脈、海峽、海灣等地理名詞前,1.,We live near,the Yellow River,.,2.,The Changjiang River is,the biggest,one in China.,十,.,用在,報(bào)刊,雜志,的名稱(chēng)的名詞之前,I am reading the China Daily now,The Times is a foreign newspaper.,零冠詞,一,.,在三餐，四季，月份，星期，節(jié)日前。球類(lèi)運(yùn)動(dòng),棋類(lèi)游戲的名詞之前不用冠詞。,Christmas Day,在圣誕節(jié),Thanksgiving Day,在感恩節(jié),National Day,在,國(guó)慶節(jié),May Day,在,勞動(dòng)節(jié),二,.,專(zhuān)有名詞,抽象名詞和物質(zhì)名詞之前一般不用冠詞.,1.,I think,water,is a kind of food,too.,2.,Cotton,feels soft.,中國(guó),_,歐洲,_,雷鋒,_,三,.,語(yǔ)言的名稱(chēng)前不用冠詞,Can you speak English?,固定搭配,乘船去學(xué)校,在正午,在晚上,在半夜,從早到晚,一點(diǎn)點(diǎn),Exercise:,1.This is _ I have visited Beijing.,A)the second timeB)second time,C)second times D)the second times,2.We think horses _ useful animal.,A)the B)an C)/D)a,3.Every one of us has _ machine;_ machine is _brain.,A)a thethe B)aaa,C)aathe D)theaa,4.Mary wants to become _.,A)the doctor B)one doctor,C)doctor D)a doctor,A D A D,Exercise:,5._ Chinese is an ancient language.,A)a B)that C)the D)/,6.He goes to work by _ every day.,A)the bus B)buses C)a bus D)bus,7.We stand up for(,支持,)_ good.,A)a B)an C)the D)/,8.He is_ great success as a teacher.,A)a B)an C)the D)/,D D C A,