外文翻譯--汽車制造中沖壓工藝的新發(fā)展【中英文文獻譯文】,中英文文獻譯文,外文,翻譯,汽車,制造,沖壓,工藝,新發(fā)展,中英文,文獻,譯文 密 級 分類號 編 號 成 績 本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計 (論文) 外 文 翻 譯 原 文 標 題 Automobile manufacture stamping process Of new development 譯 文 標 題 汽車制造中沖壓工藝的新發(fā)展 作者所在系別 機電工程學院 作者所在專業(yè) 車輛工程 作者所在班級 B13142 作 者 姓 名 余豪 作 者 學 號 201322194 指導教師姓名 臧繼嵩 指導教師職稱 講師 完 成 時 間 2017 年 4 月 北華航天工業(yè)學院教務處制 譯文標題 汽車制造工藝的發(fā)展 原文標題 Automobile manufacture stamping process Of new development 作 者 Tony 譯 名 托尼 國 籍 美國 原文出處 WMEM 摘要：汽車制造的整體規(guī)模和復雜性，迫使人們要經(jīng)常地與降低成本、提高產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量、滿足政府對安全和環(huán)境日益嚴格的要求問題打交道，并要能適應款式設(shè)計和工具每年的變化。根據(jù)這些變化因素，汽車制造商要不斷尋找最快素，經(jīng)濟的方法，來設(shè)計和制造轎車與卡車。 關(guān)鍵詞： 制造工藝 要求 發(fā)展歷史 沖壓工藝 汽車制造工藝的發(fā)展 汽車制造中有60%-70%的金屬零部件需經(jīng)塑性加工成形, 沖壓加工是完成金屬塑性成形的一 種重要手段,它是最基本、最傳統(tǒng)、最重要的金屬加工方法之一。如車身上的各種覆蓋件、車內(nèi)支撐件、結(jié)構(gòu)加強件,還有大量的汽車零部件,如發(fā)動機的排氣彎管及消聲器、空心凸輪軸、油底殼、發(fā)動機支架、框架結(jié)構(gòu)件、橫縱梁等等,都是經(jīng)沖壓成形技術(shù)正向精密、多功能、高效節(jié)能、安全清潔的生產(chǎn)方向發(fā)展,沖壓工件的制造工藝水平及質(zhì)量,在較大程度上對汽車制造質(zhì)量和成本有直接的影響 所調(diào)沖壓工藝性是指沖壓件對工藝品的適應性, 即所設(shè)計的沖壓件在尺寸大小、 尺寸精度與基準、結(jié)構(gòu)形狀等是否符合沖壓加工的工藝要求 。汽車沖壓件都應具有良好的工藝品性和經(jīng)濟性, 衡量其水平的重要標志有沖壓件的工序數(shù)、 車身總成的分塊數(shù)量和尺寸大小、 沖壓件的結(jié)構(gòu)等因素。減少沖壓過程的工序數(shù),意味著減少沖壓件數(shù)、節(jié)省工裝數(shù)量、簡化沖壓過程的傳送裝置, 縮減操作人員和沖壓占地面積, 是節(jié)約投資額和能耗的極好措施, 所以沖壓制造商都能把沖壓工序數(shù)設(shè)計作為降低汽車制造成本的重要途徑, 甚至不惜改進產(chǎn)品設(shè)計來滿足制造工藝方面的要求 。 同時, 還應采用盡量大尺寸的合理的車身總成分塊, 如整塊式車身左右側(cè)板及車頂蓋板, 既可使汽車外形美觀?？諝庾枇p少,又可減少沖壓件數(shù)量及焊點,能有效地降低成本。而且現(xiàn)代汽車制造大量使用卷料、 薄殼式整體車身結(jié)構(gòu)的高強度鋼板與鍍鋅鋼板, 都要求應用沖壓新工藝?，F(xiàn)代沖壓成形發(fā)展和研究的重大課題包括有: ( 1 ) 模塊式?jīng)_壓及其控制; ( 2 ) 新材料及復合材料沖壓加工新工藝; ( 3 ) 特種沖壓成形技術(shù), ( 4 ) 計算機模擬沖壓成形及虛擬試模技術(shù): ( 5 ) 模具制造技術(shù), 模塊式?jīng)_壓的突出優(yōu)點在于能把沖壓加工系統(tǒng)的柔性與高效生產(chǎn)有機的結(jié)合在一起 。 柔性的含義較廣, 如沖壓件的幾何形狀的多種要求, 只要通過自由編程就可獲得, 體現(xiàn)了加工形狀的柔性。又如既適用大批量單品種沖壓件的生產(chǎn), 更對小批量多品種加工發(fā)揮也表性。概括而言,模塊式?jīng)_壓的持點是: ( 1 ) 在沖壓成形過程中可快速更換組合模具以提高生產(chǎn)效率, ( 2 ) 由于具有帶材的供帶和矯帶裝置, 可省卻另設(shè)上料下料工序, ( 3 ) 實現(xiàn)了大工件的不停機加工; ( 4 ) 既能獨立又能成系列的控制組合沖模動作, 能連續(xù)進行沖壓加工; ( 5 ) 沖模具有可編和的柔性特點 。 一種模塊式?jīng)_壓加工系統(tǒng)由一臺帶有控制功能模塊式冷沖壓的壓力機、 卷材帶材送進裝軒、帶材矯正機及可編程進給裝置等構(gòu)成 。 這種沖壓系統(tǒng)在運行時可進行沖模橫向位移、 帶材進給定位、沖模重復運行及自動調(diào)整下工步的沖模調(diào)整等多項功能 。由于在沖壓過程中進行可編程沖壓, 使這種模塊式?jīng)_壓系統(tǒng)能柔性地適應生產(chǎn)需求,能在相同帶材上進行曲不同工件及批次的混合生產(chǎn),實現(xiàn)不停機的串接式加工,還同時在工件西面沖壓加工,極大地提高了工作效率,有資料表明, 模塊式?jīng)_壓成形使加工費用能下降至40%-50%。 當前模塊式?jīng)_壓裝置的集成度是很高的, 在寬度為300MM 尺寸范圍內(nèi)可安排達35個模具, 通過沖模上端的頂板可對沖模進行獨立式系列控制, 即形成沖模的集成控制 。 整個系統(tǒng)的編程可在windows用戶界面和菜単下實現(xiàn),編程涉及模具沿者橫向定位納的何服驅(qū)動定位,帶材的檢驗矯正及縱向進給定位, 沖模的質(zhì)量跟蹤檢驗, 沖模的調(diào)整及狀況監(jiān)控等多功能 。 當沖模重新配置成更換時,這些變化則會被參數(shù)并被控制系統(tǒng)所貯存, 以務下次査詢和調(diào)用 。 沖模數(shù)據(jù)包括有沖頭及其組合標記, 沖頭組合在模具中的 X、 Y坐標位置及模具軸編號等信息。 l毫米沖壓是指汽車車身沖壓件的精度控制在 0-1. OMM 的范圍內(nèi),與過去制造業(yè)通行的誤差2MM 相比, 是個非常大的提高。這是一個以提高沖壓質(zhì)量和制造技術(shù)為目標的綜合項目 。該項目“2MM工程''都是90年代后期美國汽車界可-展的大型研究項目 。所謂“2MM工程''就是把車身裝配尺寸變動量控制在2MM之內(nèi), 大大嚴于原先的8MM工程 。 沖壓加工成形技術(shù)是影口向汽車車身制造水平的關(guān)鍵因素之一 , 美國專家曽在一條汽車裝配線上對50多個個案進行實地分析表明, 造成車身尺寸誤差變動的諸多原因中, 沖壓本身尺寸造成的不累積誤差占 23%, 其主要原因是傳統(tǒng)的基于經(jīng)驗和原有工藝基石出上低水平上的模具設(shè)計與制造。 亞毫米沖壓的中心是沖壓件的精度與敏捷度西個目標, 精度就是使沖壓件尺寸準確度控制在0毫米或亞毫米的水平,其關(guān)鍵是控制車身支架、立柱等結(jié)構(gòu)件的尺變動, 并使車身覆蓋件分塊度大, 如采用整體左右側(cè)板和頂蓋板等 。 敏捷度含義則是指減少沖壓件的生產(chǎn)準備吋間達30% , 包括模具設(shè)計、試樣制造和工裝準備時間, 以達到極大縮短新車型制造周期的目的, 該項目飲食有沖壓和裝配的集成設(shè)計、 沖壓系統(tǒng)敏捷設(shè)計和制造、 沖壓過程的智能檢測和監(jiān)拉、 全系統(tǒng)集成4個子項目 。 通過亞毫米沖壓項日的研究, 使沖壓成形技術(shù)有了跳躍性的進展, 其中包含有: (1) 沖壓過程和部件裝配工藝的設(shè)計由基于經(jīng)驗和傳統(tǒng)工藝向科學和數(shù)據(jù)過程的轉(zhuǎn)化; (2) 沖壓設(shè)計向 CAD和模擬試模轉(zhuǎn)化, 摒棄了傳統(tǒng)的嘗試法; (3) 實施模具設(shè)計制造由過去串行方式向并行方式轉(zhuǎn)化; (4) 實現(xiàn)了過程監(jiān)測和設(shè)備維護被動響應向科學預測式轉(zhuǎn)變。 “2MM 工程''和“亞毫米、沖壓''兩項目現(xiàn)已先后完成,正在美國三大汽車制造公司推廣應用,取得了許多有益的成果,沖壓成本大幅下降, 獲得日益増長的經(jīng)濟效益的社會效益, 并逐步向其他國家推廣應用 。 特種沖壓成形技術(shù) 現(xiàn)代汽車沖壓件的技術(shù)要求朝著結(jié)構(gòu)復雜、 分塊尺寸增大、 相關(guān)邊的零部件較多、 承載能力變大和內(nèi)應力限制嚴格等方向發(fā)展 。 這要求并促進特種沖壓成形技術(shù)如液壓成形、 精密成形、 爆炸成形、旋壓成形、無模成形、激光成形和電磁成形技術(shù)的發(fā)展。限于本文常幅,這里主要介紹內(nèi)壓成形和電磁成形兩項技術(shù)。液壓式或注入彈性體式的成形技術(shù), 其高壓形成過程一般包括: (1) 有效介質(zhì)如冰的膨脹或彈性體壓入使內(nèi)部壓罰極慢增長的過程; (2) 流體靜罰的骨高壓形成過程; (3)極端壓力如爆炸的動態(tài)過程等。介質(zhì)可以是無定形的固體、液體或氣體,在系統(tǒng)中介質(zhì)可依據(jù)要加工的形狀作任意變化, 履行凸模功能, 所以介質(zhì)可等同于一個萬能模具 。 液壓式內(nèi)高壓成形技術(shù)與其他沖壓成形技術(shù)相比, 有幾項明顯優(yōu)點: (1)在成形過程中可一次加工出如車橋、 頂蓋板、 門框等大型復雜的三維幾何形狀的工件, (2)因為液體在成形過程中冷卻作用,使工件被“冷作強化” ,獲得比一般沖壓加工更高的工件強度,這使得允許采用更薄的板材,使工件更輕量化; (3)工件外表板面只與壓力液體接觸,加壓過程較平緩,零部件成形變化均勻,可獲得勻稱的壓力分布, 并能獲得者好得多的平滑外表面; (4)液壓內(nèi)盛開有的沖模和工具費用可下降40%,特別降低了凸型零件加工的節(jié)拍時間較短, 約為0.1-0.5Min,這在特種成形工藝中是較短的,可實現(xiàn)批量生產(chǎn)。 利用通電線圈產(chǎn)生的電磁力的電磁成形工藝, 是目前頗有前途的另一種新型加工手段。 該工藝源于六十年代核裂變研究的成果, 但可惜一直沒被人們注重 。 電磁成形工藝原理圖, 當線圈通入交流電時。數(shù)微秒內(nèi)建立起磁場,使金屬工件尤其是導電率強的銅鋁材,質(zhì)感生出電流 ,感生出電流, 感生電流又將受到磁場力作用, 使工件產(chǎn)生張力與凹模吻合迅速成形。 當線圈在工件內(nèi)時, 電磁力將使工件外張成形, 屬當前應用較廣泛的一種工藝; 當線圈平面平行于板件放置時, 電磁力將使工件拉伸成形。 電磁成形技術(shù)系一種非接觸成形工藝, 其実出優(yōu)點一是加工成形迅速工效高, 二是常用于金屬與非金屬的連接, 可取代粘接或焊接: 其三是不耗脯助材料如潤滑油脂等, 有利環(huán)境保護 。 沖壓過程自動監(jiān)控 現(xiàn)代沖壓技術(shù)的另一個重要特點是對沖壓過程進行自動監(jiān)控以保護沖壓件的質(zhì)量 。 在亞毫米沖壓項目的自動檢測和監(jiān)控中,其研究成果就包括有: 1.沖壓過程的特征分析在線傳診斷和檢測系統(tǒng); 2.高速和非接觸的沖壓件測量系統(tǒng); 3.沖模維護的科學預測系統(tǒng); 4.沖壓成形關(guān)鍵參數(shù)的在線調(diào)節(jié)和補償系統(tǒng)等。 沖壓過程引起工件質(zhì)量發(fā)生變化的原因主要有凹凸沖模的磨損、 製紋及沖模錯位等, 這些微小變化可由高分辯率的位移轉(zhuǎn)感器和沖壓力轉(zhuǎn)感器進行跟蹤檢測 。 其中位移測量是極重要的一種測量, 該裝置通常由安裝在模具上方的關(guān)源和位于下方的接收單元構(gòu)成, 可監(jiān)視偏差、 跟蹤加工全過程、 及時輸出監(jiān)測信息和進行報警停機 。 一種在線沖壓的圖形處理系統(tǒng), 是保證沖壓工件質(zhì)量的有效測試方法, 它能進行二維幾何圖形的標準檢測,其項目有長度、直徑、平行度、角位、沖壓板材結(jié)構(gòu)及識別廢品等。圖形處理系統(tǒng)是由象儀、光學儀和照明裝置等組成,標準的 CCD象儀的珊格分辯率為750X580條珊格,水平方向每珊格為 0.026mm,垂直方向精度為 0.009mm/珊格。監(jiān)視系統(tǒng)使用的位移及角度傳感器有光學式及電學式二種, 前者有激光測試技術(shù)和模似光珊技術(shù)支持; 后者有電感流式及介質(zhì)電容式, 它們的測試精度分辯率都可達到 1-10um級的水平 。 最適用沖壓技術(shù)的轉(zhuǎn)感器安裝方案是把多種轉(zhuǎn)感器集中裝于一塊傳感器板上,再把它精確地固定在模具接口處, 即沖頭夾緊板上, 利用傳感數(shù)據(jù)監(jiān)控沖壓全過程, 并通過控制器得到及時處理, 保證沖壓件的質(zhì)量。 全屏閱讀 關(guān)閉全屏閱讀 你的評分： 有道翻譯——中國最大最穩(wěn)定的免費在線翻譯 添加書簽 Automobile manufacture stamping process Of new development Automobile manufilcture has a60_70% of metalparts mustbe approved by the plastic processing forming，stamping process is complete meta1 plastic forming a kind of important ans，it is the most basic， the most traditiona1, the most importantone ofrr1etal processing method, Such as vehicle body a11 kinds ofcovering parts, car support pieces，structure strengthen pieces， there's plenty of auto parts， such as engine exhaust muffler， ho11ow tube bending and camshafi the oil　pan， engine stents， fiame structure, horizonta1 1ongeron etc， it is by stamping techno1ogy positively precision，multi-fimction，high efficiency and energy saving，safe cleaning production direction，stamping workpiece manufiicturing technologyleveland quality, ingreat degree ofautornobile manufacturing quality and costhas direct impact. So-called starnping technology refers to the adaptability ofthe stamping to handicraft namely the design of stamping in size，size accuracy and benchmarks， structure shape starnping processing ofcornpliance with technobgica1 requirements. Autornotive stamping parts should be good techno1ogica1 characteristics， and the economy，measure theleve1 of the important symbo1 has starnping process number, body assemblies b1ock nucleer and size， staing structure， and other fictors. Reduce the number of punching process procedure， that means less stampingtooling quantity1， number of packages，save simplified punching process ofconveyors， Narrows the operators and shing area， is to save investment and energy consumption extremely good measures，so stamping manufacturers can put punching process reduce vehicle number design as the important way to manufilcture cost， even? Modern stamping deve1opment and research of the major subjects include: (1) module type and control;stamping (2) new materia1 and composite stamping processing new craft; (3) special stamping techno1ogy; (4) computer simulation stamping mold testing technology; and virtua1 (5) die& mold manufacturing technology， (6) stamping process of automatic nxmitoring and instability mechanism analysis and so on. Module type stamping Module type of prominent advantages in stamping the stamping processing system of the flexible and efficient production of organic unifies in together Flexible meaning a broader, such as stamping the geometry of the various demands， so1ongas can be obtained through the freedom to programming， which reflects the processing shape of flexible. And as both to be suitable mass single variety stamping production，more for small batch multi-species processing play advantage, and also show flexibility. In a nutshe11， module type stamping water-holding points: (1)the stamping process can be rephced rapidly segment mold to improve production efficiency; (2) due to its st0 for belt and masking belt device， can save another set feeding blanking process， (3) achieved great work pieces the non_stop machining,, (4) can both independent and can become series of contro1 combination dies action can continua11y stamping processing; (5) dies with program mabte and the flexible characteristics. A module type stamping processing system by a with control function module type of cold stamping press，coil strip send into outfit porch， strip correction machines and programmable 1lieeding device, etc. The stamping system at run-time can undertake stamping transverse displacement, stripteeding positioning, die repeat operation and automatic a1justment work step punching adjustrr1ent etc multiple functions. Because the stamping process program mable stamping， make this kind of module type stamping system can adapt production requirements， flexible in same strip on March different work piece and batch production, realizing mixed non-stop string&joint processing，also in two sides stamping work piece machining, which has greatly enhanced the work efficiency，have data show that the module type stamping makes processing cost canfil11 to40% - 50%. The current modute type stamping device in teglation is very high， in wid this 300MM siz1e range can arrange of35 mold, through the rooftop of stamping die for independent We series ofcontro1，is formed namely die of integrated control The whole system programmable in WINDOWS user interface and under implementation programming involves mold abng the late ralpositioning shaft servo drive positioning，inspection correctionand1ongitudinal feeding positioning, stamping quality fo11ow_up inspection, punching machine; the adjustment and Condition monitor in gand versatility. When stamping reconfigure or alteration，these changes would be parameters and contro11ed system to store，next time query and invoke. Declarations Die data include the punch and their combination tags， punch cor1obination in X, Y of die and mold shaft Numbers coordinates and other information. Figure3 shows programmable punching System，figure in A standard mold transverse axis，can undertake servo dynamic to stamping area, fir the s·up porting shaft with punching die， C， D for spare axis to orange roll type with material are feeding. And submillimeter stamping project And submi11imeter stamping ''rers to the automotive stamping accuracy control at 0 to 1.0 MM within the scope of the traffic in the past，and manufacturing error of 2MMcornpared，is a very big enhancement. This is an roving punching quality and manufiicturing technology as the goal of integrated project. The project with" 2MM engineering ''are all in thelate1990s America QiCheJie conduct large-scale research project. So-ca11ed" the car is 2MM engineering knowledge，body assembly size changes within 2MM quantity control greatly in strict in the origina1 8MM error range. Suing processing forming technology afliect auto body manufilcturing level is one of the key filctors， the American experts work edin a car assembly line to over50 cases field analysis shows that，cause body size error change many reasons, stamping it self size caused by error accumulation23 percent, its main reason is that the traditional based on experience and origina1 technology based on bwleve1 of mold design and manufiicturing. And submi11imeter stamping is the center of precision stamping within creasing agility two goals, precision is to make the stamping size accuracy contro1 in 0 mm or and submil meter leve，the key is to control body stents， pillar on the pieces of the feet, and make changes in body covering parts, such as partitioned degrees by whole left-right side plate and the top cover plate， etc. Increasing agility meaning is refers to reduce stamping prajapati was preparation time up to30%, including tooling design, manufiicturing and tooling，sanple preparation time, in order to achieve greatly short en the purpose of gv4 the new models manufacturing cycle， this project diet are die-cutting and assembly integration design，stamping system agile design and manuficturing，stamping process of intelligent detecting and monitoring， who system integration four subsystems project. Through a study of the program and submilli meter stamping, stamping technology has witnessed progress, including: (1) the stamping process and concent assembly process design by based on experience and the traditional craft to science and data process of transformation， (2) stamping design to CAD and simulation test mode transformation，rejected traditiona1 attempt method， (3) to implement the mould design manufacture seria1 manner by the past to parallel transformation， (4) realized process monitoring and equipment maintenance from passive response to scientific prediction type transformation 2MM project and and submi1imeter stamping two project has successively is complete, and the three major automobile manufacturing company popularization and application， and achieved many beneficial results, stamping cost greatly decreased，obtain the growing economic benefit of socia1 benefit， andgradua1ly applied to other countries. Specia1 staring technology Modern automotive stamping technology requirements towards structure is complex，1ock size increases, related edge parts more, carrying capacity is large and internal limit strictly etc direction. This requirement and promote specia1 stamping technology such as hydraulic pressure forming, precision forming，exp1osive forming and spinning orming, no die forming，laser 1forming and electromagnetic orming techno1ogy deve1opment. Limited to this paper length, here basically introduces pressure inside the 1forl-nl1ig and electromagnetic forming two techno1ogies. Modern automotive stamping technology requirements towards structure is complexb1ock size increases，related edge parts more，carrying capacity is large and internal limit strictly etc direction This requirement and promote specia1 stamping technology such as hydraulic pressure forming, precision floring， explosive forming and spinning forming，no die forming, laser lioring and electromagnetic forming techno1ogy development. Limited to this paper length, here basically introduces pressure inside the iorming and electromagnetic forming two techno1ogies. The hydraulic or injection of the forming techno1ogy of elastic postures， its high-pressure forming process generally includes: (1) effective media such as ice expansion is cm make the internal pressure pressedinto the penalty extremely s1ow growthprocess， (2)fluid static penalty bone high_pressure forming process， (3) extreme pressure as an exp1osion dynamic process， etc. Medium can is amorphous solid liquid or gas，in the system of medium can be basis must processing shape make arbitrary changes, fulfi1l the punch fimction，so medium can be equated to a universal mold. Figure is phsuper shobachthe example，forming from the graph visible at effective media becomes the punch. The hydraulic interna1 high-pressure forming techno1ogy compared with other sta11nping techno1ogy， there are severa1 obvious advantages: (1) the forming process can one processing out like axle， top cover， door case and other large and cornplex3d geometric shapes of work piece， (2) because of liqudin the forming process cooling effect， make the work piece is a ''cotd strengthening''， won than ordinary stamping work piece machining higher strength this makes a11owinga thinner plank， to make the work more light weighting; (3) workpiece surface appearance only with pressure　liquid contact, pressure is gentle，parts forming process changes，can　obtain the symmetry of uniformpressure distributionand can winner muchbetter smooth outside surfilce， (4)in stamping and bbom some hydraulic tool charge canreduce40%, specia1 reduced convexparts processing of takt time is shorter，about 0.1_0.5 MIN this in special forming process is shorter，may realize the batch production. Using the electromagnetic force generated electricity coi1 electromagnetic forming process，is the present quite promising another new processing method. This process fi:om 1960s nuclear fission research achievement，but un1fortunately has not been people attention. Electromagnetic forming technology princple diagram，when the coil access to electricity. Few microseconds inside establish electromagnetic field， so the rreta1 work pieces especially conductivity strong copper aluminum texture produce electric current, a current，induced culent induced by magnetic orce and efliect，make the work piece create tension and dies.the anastomosis and rapid forming. When the coilinthe workp11ecein electromagnetic force will make work piece outside of the current applicatio zhang forming widespread a kind of technology, When the coilplanar para11e1 to the board pieceis placed, electromagnetic force wi1l make workpiece stretch forming. Electromagnetic forming techno1ogy is a non-contact forming process,and itsoutstanding merits are shaping a rapid high efficiency， 2 it is ofien used inmeta1or nonmeta1 connection，can replace adhesive or welding， A third is not consun1ption lymphocy help materials such aslubri cating grease，etc， the advantageous environment protection. Suing process automatic monitoring Modern scramjet another important feature is for punching process automaticrmnitoring to protect the stamping quality. In the mmstaing project automatic detection and rronitoring，its research results willinclude: 1. The stampingprocess characteristics of online preach diagnosis and detection system, 2. High speed and non_contact measuring system; the stamping 3. Die maintenance scientific prediction system; 4. Stamping key parameters online adjust and compensation system, etc. Stampingprocess changes caused by workpiece quality is mainly caused by the wear of convex punching die, crack, dis1ocation, these sma11 changes can be made of high resolution of a transfer sensor and rushed pressure tum sensor tracking detection. 0n!e extremely important displacementmeasurement is a kind oflreasure, this device, usually byinstalledin the lmuld, the GuanYinn and 1ocated below the receiving unit constitutioncan monitor deviation,trackingprocessing process, timely output monitoringinliormation and alarm downtime.An online stamping graphical processing system is the effective guarantee stamping work piece quality testing method, it can carryout2-dgeorretric figure of standard testing the project has the length, diameter, para11elism, Angle, pressing plank structure and identification of waste, etc. Graphics processing system is by liker reter，opticalinstrum entand lighting equipment etc, the standard of CCD like instrument ofbashan750X580 bar lattice resolution fir grid and jokshanhorizonta1 direction for every she shan lattice 0.026 mm, vertica1 accuracy off ungimm/she shan lattice,,Survei1lance systems use the displacements and the Angle sensorare optica1 type and electrical type two kinds, the filrmer has the laser testing technology and d1e like light she shan technical support, The latter has a inductance and capacitarce streaming media, the test accuracy resolution a11 may achieve the1-10um wdelevel. The most suitablestarnping technek gytransfer sensorinsta1lation plan is to put multiple turn sensorinstalled in a centralized sensor board, then put it precisely fixed in the lmkl outly the punch clamping board, using sensor data monitoring stampingocess, and through the contro11ergettimelytreatment,guarantee the quality of the stamping 10 指 導 教 師 評 語 外文翻譯成績： 指導教師簽字： 年 月 日 注：1. 指導教師對譯文進行評閱時應注意以下幾個方面：①翻譯的外文文獻與畢業(yè)設(shè)計（論文）的主題是否高度相關(guān)，并作為外文參考文獻列入畢業(yè)設(shè)計（論文）的參考文獻；②翻譯的外文文獻字數(shù)是否達到規(guī)定數(shù)量（3 000字以上）；③譯文語言是否準確、通順、具有參考價值。 2. 外文原文應以附件的方式置于譯文之后。