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**現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)**,現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)是由助動(dòng)詞have（has）+過去分詞構(gòu)成 其否定句在Have/has后加not. 一般疑問句把have/has提到主語前. 動(dòng)詞的過去分詞：規(guī)則變化（和過去時(shí)一樣） 不規(guī)則變化：,不規(guī)則變化： am/is-was-been are-were-been begin-began-begun break-broke-broken do-did-done draw-drew-drawn drink-drank-drunk drive-drove-driven eat-ate-eaten fall-fell-fallen fly-flew-flown forget-forgot-forgotten give-gave-given go-went-gone grow-grew-grown hide-hid-hidden know-knew-known lie-lay-lain ride-rode-ridden ring-rang-rung show-showed-shown see-saw-seen sing-sang-sung speak-spoke-spoken take-took-taken come-came-come run- ran – run become-became-become,1。表過去發(fā)生的某一動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果,例如 I have just cleaned my clothes. 我剛洗過衣服。 （“洗衣服”是發(fā)生在過去的動(dòng)作，對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的結(jié)果是“衣服干凈了”） I have just had my breakfast. (對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響：不餓) 通常與表示包括現(xiàn)在在內(nèi)的時(shí)間副詞 just（剛剛）, already（已經(jīng)）, before, yet（一般疑問：已經(jīng)；否定句：還） never, ever等狀語連用 ① I have never heard of that before. ② Have you ever ridden a horse? ③ She has already finished the work. ④ Have you milked the cow yet? Yes, I have done that already. ⑤ I’ve just finished my homework. ⑥ He has not come yet.,2。表示過去已經(jīng)開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，也可以表示實(shí)質(zhì)可能繼續(xù)下去的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。通常和 for（段時(shí)間）, since（點(diǎn)時(shí)間） 引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語連用.以及 so far, by now, these days, in the last ten years 等連用。 I have been here for just over two years. He has worked here since 1989. 從1989年，,I haven’t seen her these days. She has learnt English for 3 years/since 3 years ago. They have lived here since 1990. What has happened to the USA in the last 350 years?,注意點(diǎn)一： 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過去時(shí)的用法比較 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過去的動(dòng)作一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在甚至?xí)^續(xù)下去或表示過去的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響；一般過去時(shí)表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間在過去?，F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)屬于現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)范圍，因此，不能和表示過去的時(shí)間狀語連用。 如：yesterday, last night, two weeks ago等 試比較： The plane has arrived . 飛機(jī)已經(jīng)來了。（說明現(xiàn)在的情況：飛機(jī)在這兒） The plane arrived a quarter ago. 飛機(jī)是一刻中以前來的。（強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間在過去） I have taught here for fifteen years. 我在這兒已經(jīng)教了十五年。（表示十五年前的動(dòng)作一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，還可能會(huì)繼續(xù)。） I taught here for a year. 我過去在這兒教過一年。（表示“我“現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不在這兒任教了）,Put the following sentences into English. A: 火車已經(jīng)開走了. B: 什么時(shí)候開走的? A: 半個(gè)小時(shí)之前開走的. A: 這本書我已經(jīng)買了兩年了. B: 你在哪兒買的? A: 在我老家買的. A: 你看過這部電影嗎? B: 看過. A: 什么時(shí)候看的. B: 上周星期天看的.,A: The train has left.,B: When did it leave.,A: It left half an hour ago.,A: have you seen the film? B: Yes, I have. A: When did you see it? B: I saw it last Sunday.,A: I`ve had the book for two years. B: Where did you buy it? A: I bought it in my hometown.,注意點(diǎn)二、非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) 短暫性動(dòng)詞在肯定句、疑問句中不能與時(shí)間段連用，這些動(dòng)詞是：become, begin, buy, borrow, arrive, come, die, fall, finish, get to know, go, join, leave, marry等。為了表述這種意思，我們常用相應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞have，keep等來代替非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。 他入黨五年了。He joined the Party five years ago . ——He has been in the Party for five years. ——He has been a Party member for five years. ——it is five years since he joined the Party 電影開始五分鐘了。 The film began five minutes ago. ——The film has been on for five minutes. ——It is five minutes since the film began,瞬間動(dòng)詞與延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的轉(zhuǎn)換,come/go — be (in) leave — be away borrow — keep buy — have die — be dead get to know — know begin — be on go out — be off go out — be off arrive – be here/there marry/get married (to)— be married (to) begin to work/study/live – work/study/leave fall asleep/get to sleep — be asleep join the Party — be in the Party/be a member of,√,,,,√,,√,√,1.I have borrowed the book for 2 weeks. ( ) 2.The film has begun for 5 minutes.( ),A B C,A B C,B kept,B been on,3. 這輛自行車我買了兩年了。 I’ve _____ the bike _____ two years.,4. He left Nanjing two years ago. He _____ _____ _____ _____ Nanjing for two years.,5. The monkey died last month. The monkey _____ _____ _____ for a month.,6. A: Hong long _____ you ____ ( ) B: Two weeks. A.did,get ill B. have,fallen ill C. were,ill D. have,been ill,had for,has been away from,has been dead,D,注意點(diǎn)三：have been in, have been to 與have gone to 的用法 1、have (has) been in 表示“在某地（多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間）”，現(xiàn)在仍在那里。常與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語連用。例如： Mr. Brown has been in Shanghai for three days. 布朗來上海已經(jīng)有三天了。 They have been in Canada for five years. 他們到加拿大有五年了。 2、have( has)been to表示“曾經(jīng)去過某地”，現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不在那里了。可與just, ever, never等連用，例如： I have just been to the post office. 我剛才去郵局了。 Mary has never been to the Great Wall. 瑪麗從未去過長(zhǎng)城。 Have you ever been to Hangzhou before? 你以前曾經(jīng)去過杭州嗎？ Have (has) been to 后面可接次數(shù)，表示去過某地幾次。例如： They have been to that village several times. 他們?nèi)ミ^那個(gè)村莊好幾次了。 3、have (has) gone to 意為“到某地去了”，表示到了某地或正在去某地的途中?？傊f話時(shí)該人不在現(xiàn)場(chǎng)，例如： ----Where is Tom? ----He has gone to the bookshop. 他到書店去了。 Jack Johnson has gone to London. 杰克.約翰遜到倫敦去了。,練習(xí)：用have(has) been 或have(has) gone 填空 A: Where __1__ Li Fei __1__? B: He __2__ to Hainan Island. A: How long __3__ he __3___ there? B: He ___4__ there for three days. A: When will he come back , do you know? B: I’m afraid he won’t come back recently. A: Could you tell me the way to Hainan Island? B: Sorry, I __5__ never __5__ there. A: How many times __6__ Li Fei __6___ to that place? B: He __7__ there only once.,用括號(hào)中所給的動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式完成下列句子。 1. Mary _______(lose) her pen. ______ you ______ (see) it here and there? 2. ______ you ______ (find) your watch yet? 3. ---Are you thirsty? ---NO, I ______ just _______ (have) some orange. 4. We ________already ______ (return) the book. 5. ______ they _____ (build) a new school in the village? 6. ---Has Tom taught you English? ---Yes, he ______ (teach) us English for two years. 7. I ______(not finish) my homework yet. Can you help me? 8. What ______ they _____ (do) with the newaper? They have read them. 9. --- The door is open. Who ______ (open) it? Do you know? --- Sorry, I don’t know. 10. My father _____ (read) the novel twice. 11. Wu Dong _____(be) a soldier for one year. 12. The students ______(study) in the middle school since last month. 13. How long ______ you ______(know) him? 14. Mike ______ (make) quite a few friends since he came to China. 15. I _____(give) my friend a nice book recently. 16. Li Ping and Wu Dong ______(see) the old man three times. 17. _____ she ever _____(teach) you English? 18. These children _____ (stay) in the park for two hours.,