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主謂一致 (4)

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1、主謂一致主謂一致就是指主語和謂語動(dòng)詞在人稱、數(shù)等方面保持一致。主要包括三大原則,即語法一致原則、意義一致原則和就近一致原則。注意: 1. 結(jié)合時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)。 2. 名詞關(guān)注復(fù)數(shù)形式;動(dòng)詞關(guān)注一般時(shí)態(tài)下的單數(shù)形式。 3. 既要關(guān)注主語的形式,還要關(guān)注主語的意義! 4. 關(guān)注倒裝句:There is a pen. Here comes a bus. 1意義一致原則意義一致原則指謂語動(dòng)詞采用單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)形式要取決于主語所表達(dá)的是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)概念或意義,而不是取決于主語形式上的語法標(biāo)記。例如: Ten years is a long period to him. People are talking a

2、bout the news. More than two hundred students have attended the lecture. 一、并列主語的主謂一致: 1兩個(gè)單數(shù)名詞用and連接,表示兩個(gè)不同的概念時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。 Steam and ice are different forms of water. 2兩個(gè)單數(shù)名詞用and連接,表示同一個(gè)人或同一件物或同一個(gè)概念時(shí),或表示不可分開的整體時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。例如: The singer and dancer is going to attend our evening party. The singer and th

3、e dancer are close friends. 一、并列主語的主謂一致: 3. 由and 連接的從句結(jié)構(gòu)做主語時(shí),要根據(jù)意義一致原則決定謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)。既表示兩個(gè)不同的概念時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。表示同一個(gè)概念時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。 What he says and does do not agree. When and where we should go on holiday has not been decided yet. 1.如果主語是不定式,動(dòng)詞-ing形式或主語從句時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。溫馨提示Collecting stamps gives me pleasure.To col

4、lect stamps gives me pleasure.集郵帶給我樂趣。 二、某些名詞作主語時(shí)的主謂一致 1有些集體名詞如:crowd,family,team,orchestra(管弦樂隊(duì)),group,government,committee,class,school,union,firm,staff,public等,它們作主語時(shí),如果強(qiáng)調(diào)整體,謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式,如果強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)體,則謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如: His family is a big family.他家是個(gè)大家庭。 His family are very well.他的家人都很健康。 The public is/are re

5、quested not to leave litter in the park.公眾不準(zhǔn)在公園扔垃圾。 二、某些名詞作主語時(shí)的主謂一致 2. 有些名詞形式上是復(fù)數(shù),而意義上卻是單數(shù)。如:news,means,works還有許多以ics結(jié)尾的學(xué)科名稱,如:economics,physics,mechanics,politics等,還有國(guó)名,書名等,如The Times,它們作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式。例如:Politics is a complicated business. Here is the news. 3. trousers, scissors, clothes, goods, g

6、lasses 等作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞必須用復(fù)數(shù)。(注意:?jiǎn)螐?fù)數(shù)同形,如fish,sheep,Chinese,Japanese等,謂語動(dòng)詞單復(fù)數(shù)根據(jù)句意決定) 二、某些名詞作主語時(shí)的主謂一致 4. 由“theadj.”結(jié)構(gòu)作主語表示某一類人時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式;如果表示某個(gè)人時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。如: The old are taken good care of in our society. The wounded was taken to a hospital at once. 三、數(shù)詞和量詞作主語時(shí)的主謂一致 1表示時(shí)間,重量、距離、價(jià)值等名詞的復(fù)數(shù)作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞常用單數(shù)形式。例如:

7、Twenty miles is a long way to walk. Ten years is a long period to him. 2語法一致原則語法一致是指謂語動(dòng)詞要和它的主語在語法形式上保持一致,即主語單數(shù),謂語動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式;主語復(fù)數(shù),謂語動(dòng)詞則用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如: China is a big country with a long history. These books are all Wei Fens. 一、并列主語的主謂一致: 1.用and連接的單數(shù)主語,前面有限定詞each,every,many a,no等修飾時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式,后一個(gè)限定詞可省略。例如: E

8、ach pen and (each )book is found in its place. Every boy and (every) girl is treated in the same way. Many a boy and (many a) girl has seen it.注意:前面有限定詞each,every,many a,no,more than one等修飾的主語,謂語動(dòng)詞使用單數(shù)! Many a boy learns to swim before he can read. More than one student has passed the exam. (單數(shù)形式表復(fù)數(shù)

9、概念:許多) 二、某些名詞作主語時(shí)的主謂一致 1不定代詞作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。這類不定代詞有either,neither,each,one,the other,another,somebody,someone,something,anyone,anything,anybody,everyone,everything,everybody,no one,nothing,nobody等。例如: Neither likes the friends of the other.兩人都不喜歡對(duì)方的朋友。 Everything around us is matter.我們周圍的所有東西都是物質(zhì)。注意:

10、neither of與either of的結(jié)構(gòu)里,謂語動(dòng)詞可用單數(shù)形式也可用復(fù)數(shù)形式,一般用單數(shù)形式。 二、某些名詞作主語時(shí)的主謂一致 2. 由all of,most of,a lot of,some of,none of,plenty of,the rest of,the majority of 等名詞作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式應(yīng)與名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)一致。即謂語動(dòng)詞單復(fù)數(shù)由of后面的名詞決定。 Plenty of the pictures have been collected. Some agree with Tom,but the rest of us agree with Sam. Th

11、e majority of fresh water is in Canada. 三、數(shù)詞和量詞作主語時(shí)的主謂一致 3. “分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù)of名詞”作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)形式取決于of后的名詞或代詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)形式。即謂語動(dòng)詞單復(fù)數(shù)由of后面的名詞決定。例如: Over 50% of the land has been covered with forest. Twothirds of the students in our class are fond of English. 3就近一致原則就近一致原則指謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)要與它最靠近的主語的數(shù)保持一致。例如: Not only the teach

12、er but also the students like playing football. There is an apple,a pear,and some grapes on the table. 一、并列主語的主謂一致 1.由連詞or,neither.nor,either.nor,not only.but also等連接的并列主語,謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式按就近一致的原則,與貼近謂語動(dòng)詞的主語一致。關(guān)注: there be 句型!be的形式與最近的一個(gè)名詞(短語)保持一致。例如:He or you have taken my pen. Either you or he is not te

13、lling the truth. Not only his parents but also he has been to Europe. There is a pen and several books. 一、并列主語的主謂一致 2. 單數(shù)名詞as well as,with,along with,like,together with,rather than,except,but,including,accompanied by,plus,besides,in addition to,no less than 等后跟名詞做主語時(shí),其謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。即由第一個(gè)名詞單復(fù)數(shù)決定謂語動(dòng)詞單復(fù)數(shù)。例如: My mother,as well as my father,has a key to the office. The man together with his wife and children sits there watching TV.

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