,單擊此處編輯母版標(biāo)題樣式,,單擊此處編輯母版文本樣式,,第二級,,第三級,,第四級,,第五級,,,,*,,商務(wù)英語翻譯技巧,——,英譯漢,一、詞匯的準(zhǔn)確翻譯,,商務(wù)英語詞匯特征：,,1.,商務(wù)英語詞匯的豐富性,,商務(wù)英語分為：公文體、廣告體和論說體,,（,1,）公文體：商務(wù)信函、合同、法律文書等,,（,2,）廣告體：用詞通俗化、口語化,,（,3,）論說體：為推廣產(chǎn)品所做的報告或演講,,2.,專業(yè)術(shù)語詞匯和縮略語數(shù)量可觀,,A/C ( account),（賬戶）；,ENCL ( enclose),（內(nèi)附）；,FYI (for your information),（供你方參考）；,I.R.O (in respect of),（關(guān)于）,,3.,介詞和介詞短語的大量應(yīng)用,,商務(wù)英語詞匯的翻譯技巧：,,1.,商務(wù)英語翻譯的語體對等：,,（,1,）公文體和論說體中，過于簡單口語化的詞匯被正式規(guī)范的詞所代替。,,because--- on the grounds that,,about--- with reference to,,if--- in the event/ case of,,like--- in the nature of,,for--- for the purpose of,,go on--- continue,,add to--- supplement,,（,2,）商務(wù)合同中，經(jīng)常使用一些法律術(shù)語,,Now therefore,（特此，特茲）；,,In witness whereof,（茲證明）；,,Hereinafter,（在下文中）；,,Heretobefore,（在下文中）；,,Hereupon,（隨后，隨即）,,2.,商務(wù)英語翻譯的術(shù)語對等,,例,1,：,:security: (1) He gave his house as a security.,,他以房子做,抵押,。,,(2) Treasury securities are revalued daily.,,國庫,券,每天都重新評估。,,例,2,:,soft: (1)soft market,,,疲軟市場（以低價或跌價為特征的市場）,,(2) soft loan,,較寬松的還款條件,/,利息較低的貸款,,例,3,：,deposit: (1) In order to rent a car, you have to have a major credit card, such as Master Card, Visa, or American Express. Without a credit card you may have to pay a very high deposit on the car.,,租車時你必須有一種大公司的信用卡，如萬事達卡、維薩卡，或者美國運通卡。你若沒有信用卡，也許得付一筆高額,押金,。,,,(2) The deposit money carries a higher interest rate than that of the current account.,,定期,存款利率比活期賬戶的利率高一些。,,3.,商務(wù)英語介詞短語翻譯的靈活轉(zhuǎn)換,,（,1,）介詞轉(zhuǎn)換為動詞,,No longer is,the creation of,money and jobs essential; it is rather,the improvement of,the quality of life that must be our concern.,,（增加財富和創(chuàng)造就業(yè)已不再是主要事情，提高生活質(zhì)量才是我們關(guān)心的事。）,,（,2,）時間名詞前連續(xù)使用介詞,,On or off the site (,在現(xiàn)場或遠離現(xiàn)場,),,Far or near the site (,遠離現(xiàn)場或在現(xiàn)場附近,),,（,3,）表示數(shù)量的名詞前的介詞連用,,Over and up to 15% inclusive (15%,以上到,15%,，包括,15%,在內(nèi),),,Plus or minus 5%,（加上或減去,5%,）,,(4),用復(fù)雜的介詞短語代替簡單的介詞或連接詞,,By/ before(,在,---,之前,) prior to, as of,,By/ under(,依據(jù)，根據(jù),) in accordance with, according to, in the light of,,About(,關(guān)于,)in respect of, with reference to, with regard to, as regards,,For(,為了,)for the purpose of, with a view to, for the sake of,,翻譯練習(xí),,1.The simplest way to succeed in business is to buy,low,and sell high.,,生意成功最簡單的途徑就是賤買貴賣。,,The vaue of the pound has fallen to a new,low,against the dollar.,,英鎊兌換美元的比值已跌到新的最低點。,,2.The company is one of our major,accounts,, so we should do our best to satisfy their needs.,,那家公司是我們的主要客戶之一，因此我們得盡可能滿足他們的需求。,,She works in,accounts,.,,她在會計部門任職。,,3.The deal,netted,him a handsome profit.,,這筆交易他撈到可觀利潤。,,What do you earn,,net,of tax?,,你完稅后凈得多少？,,二、句子英漢翻譯技巧,,1.,拆句法,,If a Party breaches any of the representations or warranties given by it in Article 18.1, then in addition to any other remedies available to the other Party under this contract or under Applicable Laws, it shall indemnify the other party and the company against any losses, damages, costs, expenses, liabilities and claims that such Party or the Company may suffer as a result of such breach.,,如果一方違反任何其根據(jù)第,18.1,條所作的陳述或擔(dān)保，則另一方除根據(jù)合同或適用法律尋求任何可能的其它救濟之外，違約方應(yīng)當(dāng)賠償另一方或合營公司因此種違約行為而招致的任何損失、損害、費用、開支、責(zé)任或索賠。,,,,And confidence is growing in the debt-restructuring process, the infuriatingly slow and untidy effort that puts debtor nations on the International Monetary Fund’s stringent(,嚴(yán)厲的,) diet of hard-nosed monetary policy, curtailed government spending, and fewer imports.,,人們對以下諸方面的信心正在增加：重新確定債務(wù)償還期限的進程；債務(wù)國在執(zhí)行國際貨幣基金組織嚴(yán)厲的貨幣緊縮政策時所持的令人氣憤的拖拉疲沓作風(fēng)有所改變；削減政府開支；減少進口。,,,2.,詞性轉(zhuǎn)換法,,Such materials are,characterized,by good insulation and high resistance to wear.,,這些材料的特點是：絕緣性好，耐磨性強。,,We shall advise you to get in touch with them,for,your requirements.,,建議你方與他們?nèi)〉寐?lián)系，洽購所需商品。,,3.,肯定否定轉(zhuǎn)換譯法,,“,We are a nation that must beg to stay alive,,”,said a foreign economist.,,一位外國經(jīng)濟學(xué)家說道：“我們是一個不討飯就活不下去的國家?！?,We should stop treating the sea as a dump for human and industrial effluent.,,我們不應(yīng)當(dāng)再把海洋當(dāng)成人類排放生活污水和工業(yè)污水的垃圾場了。,,,4.,語序重組法,,I believe strongly that it is in the interest of my countrymen that Britain should remain an active and energetic member of the European Community.,,我堅信，英國依然應(yīng)該是歐共體中的一個積極和充滿活力的成員，這是符合我國人民利益的。,,Some companies are limiting the risk by conducting online transactions only with established business partners who are given access to the company’s private internet.,,為了限制風(fēng)險，有些公司只跟向他們開放公司內(nèi)部局域網(wǎng)的老交易伙伴在網(wǎng)上做生意。,,5.,省譯法,,The Purchaser further undertakes and agrees to,procure and ensure,that the independent auditors of the Purchaser and any agent, employee or independent contractor of the,Purchaser,abide by this Clause.,,買方進一步承諾和同意確保買方的獨立審計師和任何代理人、雇員或獨立承包人遵守本條規(guī)定。,,Uiversity applicants who had worked at a job receive preference over,those who had not.,,報考大學(xué)的人，有工作經(jīng)驗的優(yōu)先錄取。,,6.,增譯法,,This plan with all its disadvantages is considered to be one of the best.,,盡管有種種不周全之處，這個計劃仍被認為是最佳,計劃,之一。,,A new kind of aircraft --- small, cheap, pilotless--- is attracting increasing attention.,,一種新型的飛機正越來越引起,人們的,注意,——,這種飛機,體積不大，價格便宜，無人駕駛。,,7.,重復(fù)法,,Let us revise our safety and sanitary regulations.,,我們來修訂安全規(guī)則和衛(wèi)生規(guī)則吧。,,They wanted to determine if he complied with the terms of his employment and his obligations as an American.,,他們想要確定，他是否履行了受雇條件，是否履行了作為美國公民所應(yīng)盡的職責(zé)。,商務(wù)英語翻譯技巧,——,漢譯英,一、詞匯的準(zhǔn)確翻譯,,例,1,：書,,申請書：,letter of application,,協(xié)議書：,agreement,,白皮書：,White Book,,使用說明書：,directions,,證書：,certificate,,保證書：,guarantee,,例,2,：熱衷,,我的父親一生熱衷于科學(xué)研究工作。,,My father has devoted his whole life to the scientific research.,,這些人只熱衷于金錢和名利。,,These fellows are always hankering after personal fames and gains.,,練習(xí)：,,1.,大家對他的工作態(tài)度都很有意見。,,All the people have a lot of complaints about his working attitude.,,兩國領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人就雙邊貿(mào)易問題交換了意見。,,The leaders from the two countries exchanged views on bilateral trade.,,2.,董事會勉強接受了我的提議。,,Board of directions accepted my proposal reluctantly.,,二話不說先遞名片反倒有些勉強。,,It would be embarrassing for them to give their business card before they speak to each other.,,二、句子漢英翻譯技巧,,1.,增譯和減譯,,增詞法,：,（,1,）語法結(jié)構(gòu)要求,,此次無法供貨，深表遺憾。,,We,are sorry that,we,cannot supply,you,with the terms required.,,交出貨品前，必須檢查幾遍，看看有沒有需要改善的地方。,,Before deivering your goods, you have to check,them,over and over again and see if there is anything in them to be improved.,,（,2,）根據(jù)意思，增加連詞、關(guān)系代詞和介詞,,這次交易額大，而且目前國際市場又不穩(wěn)定，除信用證付款外，我們不接受別的付款方式。,,Since,the total amount is so big and the world market is rather unstable at the moment, we cannot accept any other terms of payment than L/C.,,,你剛剛見到的那個人是我們銷售部主任。,,The man,whom,you met just now is our director of sales department.,,減詞法,：,（,1,）可能影響修辭效果的詞語,,產(chǎn)品的質(zhì)量,如何,、價格,如何,、售后服務(wù),如何,直接,關(guān)系著,企業(yè)的發(fā)展速度，,關(guān)系著,企業(yè)的前途和命運。,,How the product comes up in quality, in price, and in after-sale service has a direct bearing on the speed of enterprise’s development and the future of the enterprise.,,,大衛(wèi),?,貝克漢姆曾兩次下榻于此，,一次,是一月，,另一次,是九月。,,David Beckham had stayed here before, in January and in September.,,（,2,）原文中重復(fù)出現(xiàn)或同義的詞語,,政府,鄭重,聲明，在平等互利的基礎(chǔ)上，加強各種形式的經(jīng)濟貿(mào)易合作。,,The government declared that it would strengthen all forms of economic and trade cooperation on the basis of equality and mutual benefit.,,（,3,）不必要的表示范疇的詞語,,這樣一個發(fā)電站的修建費用僅占開發(fā),工程,總費用的一小部分。,,The cost of such a power plant is a relatively samll portion of the total cost of the development.,,,2.,詞類轉(zhuǎn)換（英語多用名詞、介詞；漢語多用動詞）,,大幅裁員的事實,說明,整個公司已經(jīng)處于動蕩之中。,,The great cutbacks in personnel are,indicative,of the turbulence of the whole company.,,公司目前的形式正,醞釀,著嚴(yán)重的財政危機。,,The company are,in place for,a big financial crisis in the company.,,,3.,被動語態(tài)的翻譯,,有一些貿(mào)易壁壘是直接和出口有關(guān)的。,,Some trade barriers are directly,related,to exports.,,一些漢語中并不含有被動意味的詞語在英文中固定使用被動形式，包括：坐落于,( be located in),、去往,( be destined for),、淋雨,( be caught in rain),、悲痛欲絕,( be overwhelmed with grief),等等。,,估計在,1955,年，大約,70%,的對外貿(mào)易是用信用證來進行融資的。,,In 1955,,it was estimated,that about 70 percent of the foreign trade was financed by letters of credit.,,類似句型：據(jù)說,( it is said that---),，據(jù)報道,( it is reported that---),，眾所周知,( it is well-known that---),，必須承認,( it must be admitted that---),，必須指出,( it must be pointed out that---),，有人宣稱,( it is claimed that---),，有人相信,( it is believed that---),,4.,正譯法與反譯法,,如果不了解當(dāng)?shù)匚幕?，其結(jié)果可能會冒犯想與之建立貿(mào)易關(guān)系的人。,,Unless one is aware of the local culture he may end up insulting the people with whom he hopes to establish trade relations.,,我們的預(yù)測表明對抗時期還遠遠沒有結(jié)束。,,Our forecast suggests that the period of confrontation is far from over.,,5.,無主句的翻譯,,（,1,）補充主語,,（,2,）使用被動語態(tài),,（,3,）使用祈使句,,（,4,）使用形式主語“,it,”,,（,5,）使用“,there be,”句型,,能否告知貴方付款條件？,,Would you let us know what your terms of payment are?,,請把這張表填一下，填完給我。,,Please fill in this form, and give it to me when you have finished.,,在當(dāng)今社會上，學(xué)好英語十分重要。,,It is extremely important to master English in society today.,