單擊此處編輯母版標(biāo)題樣式,,單擊此處編輯母版文本樣式,,第二級(jí),,第三級(jí),,第四級(jí),,第五級(jí),,,,*,,,*,單擊此處編輯母版標(biāo)題樣式,,單擊此處編輯母版文本樣式,,第二級(jí),,第三級(jí),,第四級(jí),,第五級(jí),,單擊此處編輯母版標(biāo)題樣式,,單擊此處編輯母版文本樣式,,第二級(jí),,第三級(jí),,第四級(jí),,第五級(jí),,,,*,,84,School of Foreign Languages, Zhejiang Gongshang University,,大英六級(jí)作文輔導(dǎo),1,maggie,大學(xué)英語(yǔ)六級(jí),寫(xiě)作輔導(dǎo),1,,Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled,Due Attitude Should Be Given to the Study of Chinese,. You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below.,,近年來(lái)在學(xué)生中出現(xiàn)了忽視中文的現(xiàn)象。,,出現(xiàn)這種現(xiàn)象的原因和后果。,,為了改變這種狀況，我認(rèn)為,……,評(píng)分重點(diǎn)項(xiàng)目,,關(guān)聯(lián)詞,,同義替換（詞匯,+,句型）,,代詞替換,,內(nèi)容：不跑題,六級(jí)寫(xiě)作改卷分析,CET,作文題采用總體評(píng)分（,Global Scoring,）方法。閱卷人員就總的印象給出獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)分（,Reward Scores,）,,,而不是按語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)的錯(cuò)誤數(shù)目扣分。,大綱解讀：兩大黃金原則,一、卷面整潔、書(shū)寫(xiě)工整、,,語(yǔ)言第一位、結(jié)構(gòu)第二位、內(nèi)容第三位：,,,二、語(yǔ)言,基本正確， 無(wú)重大語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤,,句式豐富多變（詞匯,+,句型）,段落分布,段數(shù)：,3-4,,段落結(jié)構(gòu)：總分總,,主題句：翻譯提綱，作出評(píng)論,1-2,句,,論證：,2,句,,小結(jié)：,1,句,,30,分鐘的合理安排,,5,（審題和構(gòu)思）,+ 20,（正文）,+ 5,（檢查）,,,***不建議打草稿，時(shí)間和空間不足,,*** 可以寫(xiě)出一些關(guān)鍵詞和大綱來(lái),,*** 最后五分鐘要自查硬傷,---,檢查語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤，,,連接錯(cuò)誤，標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)等。,,***不要改內(nèi)容了！,Vary (,變化、多樣,),原則,,,熟讀唐詩(shī)三百首，不會(huì)作詩(shī)也會(huì)吟；,,寫(xiě)作是一門主觀性很強(qiáng)的考試， 一篇文章雖然規(guī)定了作文的題目和提綱，但是具體內(nèi)容卻是可以酌情處理變化的。,,低分作文的特征,語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤多,,Chinglish,,沒(méi)有句式結(jié)構(gòu),寫(xiě)作常見(jiàn)錯(cuò)誤分析,五種尤其容易犯的錯(cuò)誤,,1-,時(shí)態(tài)錯(cuò)誤,,Many people thought,[j1],that the Internet,will,,be,more useful in the future.,,,[j1],thought→think,單復(fù)數(shù)錯(cuò)誤,Wise man,[j1],seek,[j2],opportunities rather than wait for them.,,,[j1],wise man,前面應(yīng)加上,a/the,,單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞不可單獨(dú)存在，要么加限定詞，要么變復(fù)數(shù),,,[j2],seek,應(yīng)改為,seeks,代詞錯(cuò)誤,We can use computers in doing everything you,[j1],like,,,[j1],you→we,,If we cheat others, friends will never believe you and they will leave you,[j1],alone.,,,[j1],,兩個(gè),you,都改成,us,冠詞錯(cuò)誤,Horse is an useful animal.,,Horse,前面應(yīng)加上,a/the,,An,應(yīng)改為,a,詞性錯(cuò)誤,從,1999,年到,2002,年該國(guó)出生率呈現(xiàn)逐漸,,下降趨勢(shì)。,,From 1999 to 2002, the country possessed,,a _______ (gradual) _______ (increase),,trend in birth rate.,,---gradually increasing,詞性錯(cuò)誤,大家都應(yīng)該認(rèn)識(shí)到肥胖的危害。,,Every one should be conscious of,,the dangers of _______ (fat).,,---fatness/obesity,寫(xiě)完整的英文句,典型錯(cuò)誤一：,,Jinjin holding the torch as if that is her life.,,,I look forward to holidays. For example, Thanksgiving and Christmas.,,2.,要有一定程度的省略,典型錯(cuò)誤一：,,Tibet was a part of China, Tibet is a part of China, and Tibet will always be a part of China.,,省略要正確,典型錯(cuò)誤二：,,China Yao always has and will always do his best to win the games.,,--China Yao has always done and will continue to do his best to win the games.,3.,句號(hào)一定要用對(duì),Jay Chou’s newly released movie ’ Kungfu Dunk’ has hit the cinema, I am going to see it tomorrow.,,---Jay Chou’s newly released movie ‘Kungfu Dunk’ has hit the cinema and I am going to see it tomorrow.,中層次作文水平,語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤時(shí)有出現(xiàn),,內(nèi)容不夠,,結(jié)構(gòu)性詞匯不夠明顯,如何拓展思路？,事物發(fā)生背后的本質(zhì)到底是什么？,,人是有需求的動(dòng)物，需求取決于得到了什么，還缺少什么。,,馬斯洛需求層次理論,（,1943,年在,《,人類激勵(lì)理論,》,）,1.,生理需求,2.,安全需求,,3.,感情需求,4.,尊重需求,,5.,自我實(shí)現(xiàn)的需求,,只要是人，每做一件事情都可以從里面找到千絲萬(wàn)縷的根源。,萬(wàn)能理由,1,、方便：,convenient/convenience,,2,、效率：,efficient/efficiently/efficiency,,3,、經(jīng)濟(jì)（節(jié)省和浪費(fèi),),：,save time/money/space; economical, thrift,,waste time/money/space; costly, lavish,,4,：心理（情感、樂(lè)趣、喜愛(ài)，憎惡）,&,成就感（榮譽(yù)自信、動(dòng)力、壓力）,,5.,健康,healthy, disease, strong, strength,,,energetic,萬(wàn)能理由,5,、娛樂(lè)：,colorful, pleasure, joy, recreation, relax,,entertainment, tired, boring, lonely,,6,、環(huán)境：,environment, pollute, poisonous, dirty,,7,、安全和危險(xiǎn)：,safe, danger, risk,,8,：經(jīng)驗(yàn)：,experience, social experience, enter the,,society,,9,、人際：,humane, fair, unfair, help, assist, freedom,,,freely,,10.,國(guó)家（民族、社會(huì)、公益、）,-,練習(xí)一、,住在大城市的好處和壞處,,The reason why I prefer to live in the big cities is that there are more job opportunities, education opportunities and better living conditions in the big cities than in the small towns.,disadvantages,But the cost for the privilege of living in the city is also high. What's more, there is more gas and noise pollution in the city,,（,Example 3,）有人認(rèn)為大學(xué)生做兼職工作很有好處；,The reason why I prefer to live in the big cities is that there are more job opportunities, education opportunities and better living conditions in the big cities than in the small towns.,有人認(rèn)為大學(xué)生做兼職工作弊多利少,However, some other people hold that doing part-time jobs has more disadvantages. The main job of college students is to study, not to work. If they have part-time jobs, they may have to reduce their time for sleep, rest, study and activities. Working several hours a day consumes a lot of time and energy and may affect their studies. As a result, they may find it hard to adjust to what the college expects of them as well as their employers expect, and finally, they may fall behind or fail in their studies. 1 h,高分作文,詞匯準(zhǔn)確多樣,,句式復(fù)雜有力,,2,個(gè)注意點(diǎn),寫(xiě)作中兩類避免使用的單詞,,,口語(yǔ)詞：,You know, well,,hey man, what up?,,gonna wanna,,生僻詞,14,分作文的,詞匯亮點(diǎn),Although honesty is believed to be a,virtue,, there are still dishonest people in our society. For example, some businessmen sell,fake product,to their,consumers,; some students cheat in the exams.,,,,評(píng)論： 這個(gè)句子當(dāng)中有一些閃光詞：,,,1,）,fake product,假冒產(chǎn)品。,bad product;,,,2,）,consumer,。,,buyer,。,,,3,）,virtue,用的也很好。,8,分的作文,In our modern social life, there,are,many examples around us,show,[j1],many,people,are,cheated,. Advertisements,cheat,,people,, salesmen,cheat,,people,, even one's closest friends,cheat,,him or her.,,people,→,consumer,或,customer,。這些詞就馬上有了閃光點(diǎn),,第二個(gè),cheat,→,fool,。第三個(gè),cheat,→,lie to,,[j1],Showing that,用詞準(zhǔn)確多樣,一、準(zhǔn)確性,,在圖表類作文中要經(jīng)常表達(dá)“,…,有很大的增長(zhǎng)”， 很多人會(huì)寫(xiě)成,---a big increase.,,請(qǐng)注意,big,→,a sharp increase.,,注意收集以下三種搭配。,,adj+n: a sharp increase,,v+n: make a mistake, commit a crime,,,v+adv: expand sharply/dramatically,多樣性,-,用同義詞替代,例,1: A,對(duì),B,很重要,.,,,A is important to B.,,A plays an important role/part in B.,,A is of importance to B.,,B cannot live/develop/grow/survive without A.,,A is to B what the foundation is to a skyscraper /water is to fish.,,A is essential/significant/crucial/critical/vital to B.,,The importance of A to B can never be denied/ ignored/ exaggerated.,例,2,,，不同國(guó)家不同背景的人在不同場(chǎng)合有著不同的觀點(diǎn)。,,→,Different,people with,different,personal backgrounds in,different,countries have,different,opinions on different occasions.,,,Different,在不同場(chǎng)合的同義詞有,unlike,、,dissimilar,（不同的，不一樣的），,distinct,、,separate,（個(gè)別的，單獨(dú)的），,various,、,assorted,（各種各樣的，多樣的），,這句話可以改為：,→,Different people with unlike personal backgrounds in various countries have varying opinions on changed occasions.,,這個(gè)句子用了這么多,“,不同的,”,，也實(shí)屬罕見(jiàn)。其實(shí)類似意思還可以寫(xiě)成：,,People’s opinion differ/vary/diverge as to …,例,3,：如今，越來(lái)越多的人將越來(lái)越多的時(shí)間花在了看越來(lái)越多的電視節(jié)目上,Nowadays,，,more and more,people are spending,,more and more,leisure time watching,more and more,,,television programs,.,,more and more → a rising / increasing / growing number of,，,,more and more → a lion’s share of,（,最大的份額,）,,more and more →a kaleidoscope of,,(,萬(wàn)花筒一般的,),例,四、,First-year,students may encounter discouraging problems when they enter universities on the very first day. For example,,first-year students,are very likely to get lost as to where,first-year students,can find cafeterias.,,these new-comers,→,these freshmen,→,they,,使用上義詞或代詞避免重復(fù),上義詞就是表示類概念的詞，,,下義詞表示屬概念，,,之間的關(guān)系是：下義詞屬于上義詞,,creature: human, man, woman, child...,,,animal...,,,,plant,,使用上義詞或代詞避免重復(fù),The,flower,blooms inside the greenhouse, but the,flower,withers when the,flower,is put outside.,,,第二個(gè),flower,→,上義詞,plant,，,,第三個(gè)改為,it.,盡量使用書(shū)面語(yǔ),寫(xiě)作時(shí)，同樣的意思，可能有很多表達(dá)方法，如果能夠在所有可能的同義詞的詞群中挑選出更有難度的詞，拔高用詞等級(jí)，毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)可能得到更好的分?jǐn)?shù)。,詞匯高級(jí)化范本,The,development,of 21,st,century has,seen,a,big,change in social, cultural and technological,fields,.,,The,advent,of 21,st,century has,witnessed,a,profound,change in social, cultural and technological,arenas,.,例,1,：,He broke the window in his,anger,.,,,他一怒之下砸碎了窗戶。,,anger→rage → fury,，表達(dá)就更加豐富了，而考官也會(huì)覺(jué)得你用詞比較講究，畢竟,rage, fury,是大學(xué)以上的詞匯了。,例,2,．,Your suitcase is rather,heavy,-what have you got in it?,你的手提箱很沉，里面都放了些什么??？,,heavy,在,weighty,面前就是小兒科了，更不用說(shuō),ponderous,了，意思是“笨重的”，讀音是“胖得要死”，剛好聯(lián)想法記住。,例,3,．,It is a very,cold,night.,這天晚上很冷。,,cold→freezing,（滴水成冰的）→,icy,（冰冷的）、,frosty,（冷得凍人的）。,,但用大詞一定注意要精準(zhǔn)，不然要鬧笑話了,,最常用的,36,組單詞,1,認(rèn)為：,,,,Think, believe, insist, maintain, assert, conclude, deem, hold, argue, be convinced,,be firmly convinced, be fully convinced,,優(yōu)勢(shì),：,,,Advantage, merit, virtue, benefit, upside, strength,最常用的,36,組單詞,2,重要的,：,,Key, crucial, critical, important, significant, vital, substantial, indispensable, imperative,,急劇地,：,,Dramatically,，,drastically,，,sharply,，,hugely,，,enormously,，,steeply,，,substantially,，,considerably,，,significantly,，,markedly,，,surprisingly,，,strikingly,，,radically,，,remarkably,，,vastly,，,noticeably,錦上添花的句型,被動(dòng)優(yōu)先,,句子復(fù)雜（定從，狀從）,,一個(gè)強(qiáng)調(diào),,一個(gè)倒裝,,一個(gè)虛擬,被動(dòng)優(yōu)先,當(dāng)漢語(yǔ)用“人們、我們或有人”作主語(yǔ),,We should take effective measures,,to stop various forms of pollution.,,→ Effective measures should be taken,,to stop various forms of pollution.,漢語(yǔ)中的無(wú)主句,,What should one do in a case like this?,,→What should be done in a case like this?,如何拓展句子？,當(dāng)我們把詞匯的問(wèn)題解決了之后呢，我們必然面臨到一個(gè)問(wèn)題就是句子總也寫(xiě)不長(zhǎng)。你老用簡(jiǎn)單句沒(méi)有錯(cuò)。但是如果一點(diǎn)復(fù)雜句都沒(méi)有那么肯定不會(huì)有高分,,1995,年,6,月,--Firecrackers Be Banned?,添加法,,我畢業(yè)于交通大學(xué)：,,I graduated from Jiaotong University,,S,＋,V,結(jié)構(gòu)的簡(jiǎn)單句， 怎么辦？,,I graduated,with honors,from Jiaotong University,,one of the most prestigious universities in China,.,英語(yǔ)句子寫(xiě)作的基本思路：,將中文信息還原為簡(jiǎn)單樸實(shí)的基本結(jié)構(gòu),,→按英語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)完成英語(yǔ)→按照英語(yǔ)修飾習(xí)慣進(jìn)行擴(kuò)展。,拉長(zhǎng)主謂賓，加上定狀補(bǔ),例：,I love you.,,I,,,,love you.,,I,,,,love you,,.,,I,,,,,,love you,,.,,I,,,,with all my heart and soul,,love you,,,,whose eyes are filled with love and encouragement, Mom.,練習(xí)一,The firm gave Sam a watch.,,The,well-established American trading,firm,generously,gave Sam,,a sixty-year-old gray-haired electrician,, a,gold,Swiss watch,on his retirement.,,那家聲譽(yù)卓著的美國(guó)貿(mào)易公司在六十歲的,Sam,退休的時(shí)候慷慨地將一塊金質(zhì)瑞士手表贈(zèng)給了這位頭發(fā)花白的電工。,練習(xí)二,In,New Oriental School,I learned my,English,.,,→In New Oriental School ,,the biggest language training center in China,, I learned my English,,essential in both modern life and in our jobs,.,練習(xí)三,,people,prefer to live in the,big cities,.,,→,Increasing number of,people prefer,,badly,to live in the big cities,because they can provide people with better living conditions,Jeff was shocked,Jeff was,deeply,shocked,by the news that one of his students is going to get married with a black man born in a rich family, with her expectation to immigrate to Africa.,用定語(yǔ)從句,定從的無(wú)限魅力,The,girl,is a senior student.,,She,is elected as the ‘Campus Beauty’ in ZJGSU,.,定從,The girl,, who is elected as the ‘Campus Beauty’ in ZJGSU,,is a senior student.,,定語(yǔ)從句,The students are from,Bodybuilding Club,.,,Bodybuilding,Club is the best club in the university.,,The students are from Bodybuilding Club of ZJGSU,，,which,is the best club in the university.,狀語(yǔ)從句,希望至少有：,,Because,,When,,Although,,So…that,狀語(yǔ)從句,兼職對(duì)全日制學(xué)生有用，因?yàn)樗麄儾坏苜嵉藉X，而且還可以獲得職業(yè)經(jīng)驗(yàn)。,,Part-time jobs are useful for full-time students because they not only earn money but also gain career experience.,,介詞,With,1.With,表伴隨狀態(tài)：,,Premier,Wenjiabao,again visited Hunan,,with,state television showing pictures of him telling provincial officials to do all they could to restore power and other services.,練習(xí),1,Jet Li is a super star.,,Many of his movies,are,popular in the world.,,Jet Li is a super star,，,with many of his movies popular in the world.,,練習(xí),2,劉翔站在天安門廣場(chǎng)上，手持火炬。,,Liu Xiang is standing on the Tiananmen square,,with,,the,Olympic torch in,his,hand.,,Liu Xiang is standing on the Tiananmen square,,Olympic torch in hand.,練習(xí),3,一位美女從我身邊經(jīng)過(guò)，面帶微笑。,,A beauty passed by, with a smile on her face.,,,他開(kāi)車發(fā)生了事故，造成了至少,5,人死亡。,,He had an car accident, with at least five people dead.,主謂分割,Seattle is a garden city,,with one of the,most delightful climate in the world,,,Seattle,，,,with one of the most delightful climate in the world,，,is a garden city.,,練習(xí),Jet Li,,with many of his movies popular in the world,, is a super star.,,,Liu Xiang,,with,,the,Olympic torch in,his,hand, is standing on the Tiananmen square,,分詞伴隨,1. doing,,2. done,,Doing,和,done,做伴隨狀語(yǔ)的使用區(qū)別,doing,和,done,做伴隨狀語(yǔ),Seeing my friends yelling and demonstrating, I can’t help tearing.,,,Seen stealing in a store, he thought he was going to be caught.,,We were touched by the teacher’s words. We decided to work hard.,,→,__________by the teacher’s words, we decided to work hard.,,I didn’t receive her letter. I had to write again.,,→,,Not ______ _______ her letter, I had to write again.,易犯錯(cuò)誤,5,歲的時(shí)候，我爺爺去世了。,,,Being,5 years old, my grandfather passed away,.,造句,從他的外表，我知道他是民工。,,Judging from his outlook, I know he is one of the migrate labor.,,倒裝句子是亮點(diǎn),加分句型（掌握,3,種倒裝）,,1.so…that,倒裝（全倒裝）,,I,,am,,so hungry,that I could eat a horse.,,So hungry,,am,,I,that I could eat a horse.,So…that,倒裝 練習(xí),食物因?yàn)橥ㄘ浥蛎浂绱酥F，我只能每天吃食堂。（通貨膨脹：,inflation,）,,Food is so expensive because of inflation that I could only afford,food,in Dinning Hall.,,So expensive is food because of inflation that I could only afford,food,in Dinning Hall.,2.only,倒裝,(,部分倒裝）,Only,by learning our own history and presenting it in a convincing manner,can we,make the western media realize the injustice they do to China.,2.only,倒裝 練習(xí),只有通過(guò)天天練習(xí)才能學(xué)好英語(yǔ)。,,English can be learned well only by daily practice.,,Only by daily practice can English be learned well,,特實(shí)用的,only,Only in this way/under successful control / special circumstances / after careful considerations can we…,,只有,……,我們才能,…,（,常用于解決問(wèn)題型的作文,）,,Only under successful control can we minimize the negative impacts and maximize positive impacts.,3.,句首否定詞倒裝,(,部分）,No , not, seldom, never, little, hardly,,At no time, in no case , in no way;,,Not until , not only ;,強(qiáng)調(diào)句型,It is …that…,,It is/was+,人,+more than anyone else who,,It is/was+,物,+more than anything else that,虛擬語(yǔ)氣,A: If I were ……, I would +,動(dòng)詞原形 意思是如果我是,……,，我會(huì),…….,,B: It is high time that +,一般過(guò)去時(shí) 意思是,……,已經(jīng)刻不容緩了。,,這兩個(gè)句型基本每篇文章都能用到，而且基本都在最后一段。,