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2019-2020年高考英語一輪復習 寫作專題 Step Two 分類突破，謀篇布局 外研版 第9講　記敘文 記敘文是最常見、最基本的寫作文體，它以真實的社會生活、自然景物為材料，以記人、敘事、狀物、寫景為主要內(nèi)容，以敘述、描寫或?qū)υ挒橹饕磉_方式，通過形象表達思想的一種文體。 一、寫記敘文必須注意以下幾點： 1．主題要鮮明。首先要認真審題，對題目所給信息，不論是短文還是表格，不論是文字還是圖畫，都務(wù)必仔細分析、反復推敲，確定選擇典型事例、反映主題。 2．內(nèi)容要完整。一般說來，記敘文包含六大要素：when(時間)，where(地點)，who(人物)，what(事件)，why(原因)，how(結(jié)果)。文章要有始有終，確保內(nèi)容的完整性。 3．情節(jié)要合理。按照事情發(fā)展的先后順序，使用恰當?shù)倪^渡詞，使文章連貫、自然、詳略得當。 4．用詞要恰當。描寫事件時，切忌詞不達意，影響理解。要牢記常用動詞詞組和經(jīng)典句型。 5．記敘事例中的時態(tài)通常是一般過去時。 二、記敘文寫作要點 1．活動的時間、地點、人物； 2．表明事情開端； 3．敘述事情的發(fā)展/活動內(nèi)容一； 事情進一步發(fā)展/活動內(nèi)容二； 事情發(fā)展的高潮/活動內(nèi)容三； 4．事情的結(jié)束； 5．表明個人的看法或感受； 6．總結(jié)全文，再次抒發(fā)自己的感情。 經(jīng)典語篇(xx浙江) 在班級活動中，當你的想法與大多數(shù)同學不一致時，你是堅持自己的觀點并說服別人，還是尊重大多數(shù)同學的意見？請你以“When I Have a Different Opinion”為題，用英語寫一篇100～120個詞的短文。要求如下： 1．從以上兩種做法中選擇一種； 2．以具體事例闡述你選擇的理由。 佳作欣賞1 When I Have a Different Opinion We may have different opinions in organizing class activities.We may have various ways to deal with such a situation.When I have a better idea，I would choose to stick to it.By doing so，I can not only share good ideas with others but also learn to express myself clearly. Once we were discussing where to go for an outing.Most of my classmates wanted to go to a park while I had an idea of going to a nicer place.I managed to persuade my classmates into accepting my idea.We did have a good time that day.Good opinions are worth sticking to because they can benefit us all. 佳作欣賞2 When I Have a Different Opinion We may have different opinions in organizing class activities.When I have a different opinion，I may choose to give it up and respect the opinion of the majority. The main reason for my choice is that being brought up in a culture emphasizing collectivism，I tend to sacrifice my own interest for the group benefit.Once we were left to decide whether to have a picnic in a park or go to a museum.I would love to go to a museum，but most of my classmates wanted to go for a picnic.Without hesitation，I decided to follow them and we did have lots of fun that day.Sometimes giving up a little can mean getting more. 即時訓練(xx浙江) 請以“One Thing I’m Proud of”為題，用英語寫一篇100～120個詞的短文，記述一件你自己認為得意的事情。要求如下： 1．記述事情經(jīng)過； 2．簡要說明你感到得意的原因或從中得到的啟示。 注意：文章的標題已給出(不計入總詞數(shù))。 One Thing I’m Proud of 參考范文 One Thing I’m Proud of Last summer I spent one month in California as a visiting student.I had to study at a school and stay at a host family.There were seven people in their family，including the parents，four sisters and one little brother.During the onemonth stay，I had to adapt myself to their American lifestyle and help them understand the best part of Chinese culture.With my great efforts，they all became my best friends，or rather I had bee a member of the family. I have proved that friendship can help while in a different country.In a word，being able to win their friendship in a very short time is the thing that I am proud of most in my life. 第10講　應(yīng)用文(1)——書信 書信寫作旨在考查學生在實際生活中應(yīng)用英語的能力，體現(xiàn)了學習英語的實用性。書信種類很多，它包括筆友信、感謝信、慰問(候)信，祝賀信、鼓勵信、介紹信、自薦信、詢問信、應(yīng)聘信、聯(lián)系信、求職信及其答復信、邀請信及其接受邀請的信、讀者請求的解答信及其答復讀者的信等。書信格式一般不作考查內(nèi)容(開頭和結(jié)尾已給出)，重點考查考生的謀篇布局、遣詞造句能力?？偟恼f來，寫英語書信時有以下幾點須注意： 1．信件開頭要開門見山、直入主題。常用語句是(1)I’m writing to...；(2)I’d like to... 2．信的正文是信函的主體部分。在高考作文中應(yīng)該按照題目要求把題目的要點表達清楚；使文章邏輯清晰、語言通順；可以根據(jù)需要分為若干個段落；要確保沒有遺漏內(nèi)容要點。 3．注意根據(jù)收信人的年齡身份不同，信的語氣也應(yīng)不同，對朋友要親切自然，對領(lǐng)導或長輩要委婉。 高考書信開頭語段： (1)Learning that you are organizing this activity to share books worldwide，I am writing to apply for it for the simple reason that I love reading and I own a large number of books.(xx重慶) 了解到你在組織這個在全世界分享書籍的活動，我正在寫信申請參加。理由很簡單，我愛讀書，而且我有很多書。 (2)Dear Peter， I’d like to ask you to write an article for our school’s English newspaper.(xx全國Ⅰ) 我想請你為我們學校的英語報寫一篇文章。 (3)Dear Chris， How is it going? I remember we planned to visit Yunnan in July.But now，because my left foot was injured，I cannot go with you as planned.(xx北京) 一切都好嗎？ 我記得我們原本計劃七月去云南。但是因為我的左腳受傷，我不能按計劃和你一起去了。 (4)Dear American guests， On behalf of our school，I would like to express our warm wele to you.We are lucky to have you here in the middle of our English Week activities.(xx陜西) 我代表學校，表達對你們的熱烈歡迎。我們很幸運有你們參加我們的英語周活動。 (5)Dear Chris， I’m Li Jin，monitor of Class One，Grade Eleven.I’m very delighted to learn that you’re ing to our class to study with us as an exchange student next term.Wele to our class！(xx天津) 我是李津，11年級1班的班長，我很高興得知下學期你要作為一名交換生來我們班和我們一起學習。歡迎來到我們班！ (6)Dear Mr.Wang， Knowing that our library is going to buy books，I’d like to give some suggestions.(xx浙江) 得知我們圖書館要買書，我想給一些建議。 (7)Dear Tom， How are you doing？I wonder if you could sell some Chinese knots for me.(xx新課標全國Ⅱ) 你好嗎？我想知道你是否能為我賣一些中國結(jié)。 (8)Dear Tom， I’m sorry I couldn’t reply to your email which you sent me a week ago immediately.I was so occupied with going over my lessons for my final exam.Now I am writing to tell you my plans for the ing summer holidays.(xx山東) 我很抱歉沒有立刻回復你上周發(fā)來的郵件，那時我正忙著復習功課準備期末考試?，F(xiàn)在我寫信告訴你我的下一個暑假計劃。 (9)Dear Peter， How are you doing? I’m writing to tell you that my uncle Li Ming is going to your city for a conference，and I’ve asked him to bring you the Chinese painting you’ve asked for before.(xx新課標全國Ⅰ) 你還好嗎？ 我寫信想告訴你我叔叔李明要去你住的城市開會，我已經(jīng)請他捎去你以前曾向我索要的中國畫。 經(jīng)典語篇(xx陜西) 假定你是李華，在校報英語專欄看到了學?！坝⒄Z文化節(jié)”的一則招募啟事。請閱讀啟事，并根據(jù)寫作要點和寫作要求寫一封應(yīng)征郵件。 Volunteers Wanted Our annual English Festival，which will be held on June 1517,xx，is now looking for 20 student volunteers to provide service for Talent Show，Speech Contest，and English Debate.If you are interested，please send an application email at your earliest convenience to Ms Chen at chenlaoshi@aef. 寫作要點： 1．表達寫作意圖； 2．陳述應(yīng)征目的； 3．說明應(yīng)征條件(性格、能力等)。 寫作要求： 1．郵件詞數(shù)不少于100； 2．開頭和結(jié)尾部分已寫好，不計入總詞數(shù)； 3．可根據(jù)情況增加細節(jié)，使行文連貫。 Dear Ms Chen， I’m Li Hua，a student from Class 2，Grade 3. Looking forward to your reply. Yours truly， Li Hua 佳作欣賞 Dear Ms Chen， I’m Li Hua，a student from Class 2，Grade 3. I am writing to apply for the volunteer position stated in your notice. I think it’s a perfect opportunity for me to further develop my abilities.For the past two years，I have been an active participant of our national annual English festival and played an important role in it.As a diligent student in my class，I have a good knowledge of English and can express my thoughts and opinions clearly and fluently with foreigners. In addition，I am an outgoing girl who has rich experience in organizing school activities.Once，I took part in a national hostess speaking contest on behalf of our school and won the first place.I would appreciate it if I am offered with an opportunity to display my talent. Looking forward to your reply. Yours truly， Li Hua 即時訓練(xx北京) 假設(shè)你是紅星中學高三學生李華，請給你的美國朋友Jim寫一封郵件，告訴他你打算參加龍舟訓練營，希望他一起參加。郵件的內(nèi)容包括： 1．介紹訓練營的相關(guān)內(nèi)容(例如：時間、地點、參加者等)； 2．說明你打算參加的原因； 3．詢問對方的意向。 注意：1.詞數(shù)不少于50； 2．開頭和結(jié)尾已給出，不計入總詞數(shù)。 參考詞匯：龍舟訓練營 Dragon Boat Training Camp Dear Jim， Yours， Li Hua 參考范文 Dear Jim， I’m writing to tell you my exciting plan for the summer holiday.I want to join a Dragon Boat Training Camp.I wonder if you’d like to go with me. This camp will open on July 20th.It offers teenagers like you and me a chance to enjoy sports and learn about Chinese culture.If you are interested in it，let me know and I’ll send you more information. Hope to meet you at the training camp this summer. Yours， Li Hua 第11講　應(yīng)用文(2)——建議信 一、寫作要點 1．建議信的內(nèi)容：作者就有關(guān)問題進行分析，并針對這些問題提出自己的看法和建議。 2．建議信的對象：(1)寫給個人，就其遇到的某個問題提出自己的看法和觀點；(2)寫給某個組織和機構(gòu)，就改進其服務(wù)提出建議或忠告。 注意：建議信要寫得簡明扼要、目的明確、理由充足，具有合理性和說服力。語氣和用詞要恰當，如果收信人是長者，則宜采用嚴謹、謙虛、正式的語言；如果對方是親密的朋友，語言就可以親切自然一些。 二、文章結(jié)構(gòu) 1．開門見山，點明寫信的目的是提建議。 2．講清楚提建議的理由及應(yīng)采取的具體措施，層次分明。 3．呼應(yīng)開頭，指出所提建議的意義，并發(fā)出號召或提出希望，禮貌結(jié)束全文。 三、常用句型 1．開頭 (1)I’d like to give you some advice on the problem you are faced with. (2)I am writing to express my views concerning... (3)It is my pleasure to offer you some advice on... 2．正文 (1)My suggestions are as follows. (2)May I suggest that you... (3)I really hope that... (4)What about... ? (5)How about... ? (6)If I were you，I would... (7)It would be better if... (8)When it es to such a situation，I would like to suggest that you... 3．結(jié)束語 (1)If you could take what I suggest seriously，you would... (2)If you can take my suggestions into consideration，... (3)I hope they will be helpful. (4)I hope you will find these proposals/ideas helpful/useful. 四、寫作模板 Dear ， You have asked me for my advice with regard to ，and I will try to make some conductive suggestions here. In my opinion，you would be wise to take the following actions：Firstly， .Secondly， .What’s more， . I hope you will find these proposals useful/helpful. Good luck with your . Yours sincerely， 經(jīng)典語篇(xx安徽) 為了幫助中學生健康成長，某中學英文報開辟了“HEARTTOHEART”專欄。假設(shè)你是該欄目的編輯Jamie，收到一封署名為Worried的求助信。信中該同學向你訴說了自己的困擾：近日容易發(fā)脾氣，使正常的學習和生活受到了影響。請用英文給該同學寫一封回信。 內(nèi)容要點如下： 1．表示理解并給予安慰； 2．提出建議并說明理由。 注意：1.詞數(shù)120左右； 2．信中不能出現(xiàn)與本人相關(guān)的信息； 3．信的開頭和結(jié)尾已為你擬好，不計入總詞數(shù)。 參考詞匯：temper n．脾氣，情緒 Hi Worried， I’m sorry to know that you’re having such a bad time at the moment. Yours， Jamie 佳作欣賞 Hi Worried， I’m sorry to know that you’re having such a bad time at the moment.The truth is that everyone will have one of those periods when things seem to be going wrong，so you don’t have to worry so much.The important thing is to learn to control your temper so that you may not do or say anything you’ll regret.Here are three useful tips： First，talk to someone you trust about how you feel.This is a good way of letting your anger out without hurting others or yourself.Second，go outdoors and play team games with your friends as physical exercise is an effective way to get rid of anger.And third，remain optimistic about your future.Such a positive attitude towards life can be helpful in lifting your spirits. I hope you’ll soon feel calmer and carry on as normal. Yours， Jamie 即時訓練 假定你是李華，貴校在學生中征集意見，詢問學生是否贊成開設(shè)iPad課堂(iPad classrooms)。你支持開設(shè)iPad課堂。請給校長寫一封建議信，要點如下： 1．資源豐富； 2．促進交流； 3．利于環(huán)保； 4．其他理由。 注意：1.詞數(shù)100左右； 2．可以適當增加細節(jié)，以使行文連貫； 3．開頭和結(jié)尾已為你寫好，不計入總詞數(shù)。 Dear Headmaster， We have been asked about our opinions on opening iPad classrooms. Yours sincerely， Li Hua 參考范文 Dear Headmaster， We have been asked about our opinions on opening iPad classrooms. I am in favor of this plan for the following reasons.To begin with，everyone learns differently.Students can customize their iPad with materials that fit their level and learning style，and thus tailor it to different needs.Moreover，when connected to the Internet，students can interact with teachers and classmates about what they learn more conveniently.For the sake of environmental protection，opening iPad classrooms is a good way to save trees that we have been cutting down for paper.Most importantly，I believe students will develop their interests in the subjects by enjoying a new way of learning. I hope you would take my ideas into consideration and we look forward to attending an iPad class. Yours sincerely， Li Hua 第12講　應(yīng)用文(3)——通知、海報、活動介紹 一、寫作基本要點 1．交代活動的主辦單位和時間； 2．概括描寫活動的內(nèi)容； 3．交代活動的主要目的； 4．活動的具體地點、時間及持續(xù)時間； 5．參加人員的主要任務(wù)； 6．說明活動的參加條件； 7．交代參加的聯(lián)系方式； 8．發(fā)出呼吁，誠邀參加。 注意：寫作語句注意肯定、否定，祈使句的應(yīng)用和主動句、被動句結(jié)合使用。 二、通知開頭語 1．口頭通知開頭語 (1)May I have your attention，please? (2)Attention please，everyone.I have an announcement to make. (3)Be quite.There is something important I have to tell you. (4)I have something (important) to tell you. (5)I’m glad to tell you something important. 2．其他常用語句 (1)Everyone should be there on time. (2)Be sure not to be late. (3)Please be present on time. (4)Everyone is required to be present on time. (5)Be sure to attend it on time. (6)Everybody is expected to attend it on time. (7)All teachers and students are required to... (8)Our school/The Student Union will/is going to hold... (9)A lecture will be given at 7：00 this evening in... (10)Please take your notebooks with you and be sure on time. (11)Those who are interested in it are warmly wele. 三、高考語段 (1)This camp will open on July 20th.It offers teenagers like you and me a chance to enjoy sports and learn about Chinese culture.(xx北京) 該營地將于7月20號開放。它提供給像你我一樣的青少年一個享受運動、了解中國文化的機會。 (2)As scheduled，we have English Talent Show today.The purpose of this programme is to develop our interest in English learning and practical abilities in listening and speaking.The programme consists of the following activities：recitation，singing，word spelling，story telling and so on.The Show will begin at two o’clock this afternoon at the Student Centre.Dear guests，you are wele to take part in some activities.I hope we students will benefit from your presence.(xx陜西) 按照日程安排，我們今天有英語才藝表演。這個計劃的目的是發(fā)展我們對英語學習的興趣和鍛煉實際聽說能力。該計劃包括以下活動：朗誦、唱歌、單詞拼寫、講故事等等。表演將于下午2點開始，地點在學生中心。親愛的來賓，歡迎你們參加一些活動。我希望你們的光臨使我們學生有所收獲。 四、寫作模板 Notice ① will organize .②This activity aims to .③This activity is arranged to or so.It is planned to begin on .④The team members will be arranged to .Your main task is to .⑤Anyone who is wele warmly.⑥Those who are interested can contact for further information.⑦Looking forward to your active participation.　 經(jīng)典語篇(xx遼寧) 假定你是學生會主席李華。學校將舉辦一次以“校園生活創(chuàng)意無限”(Innovations on Campus)為主題的創(chuàng)意作品展評活動。請你根據(jù)以下圖示，以短文形式用英語寫一份書面通知。 注意：1.詞數(shù)100左右； 2．可以適當發(fā)揮，以使行文連貫； 3．開頭及結(jié)尾已為你寫好，不計入總詞數(shù)。 參考詞匯：校園campus；創(chuàng)意作品innovation；頒獎prizegiving Notice An exciting event “Innovations on Campus” is around the corner. e on，everybody！It’s your show time. Student Union 佳作欣賞 Notice An exciting event “Innovations on Campus” is around the corner.Every one of you is expected to be part of the event which encourages creative minds and gives full play to your DIY skills. Note that your innovations must be school things.Along with your wonderful innovation，you need to hand in a report，explaining how the idea occurs to you and what materials you use. All the collections will be on show from June 16 to 18 in the gym.Looking forward to the prizegiving ceremony？Sure！It’ll be held from 15：00 to 17：00 on June 18.So don’t miss the chance of being the winner.Your contribution will certainly make the event a huge success.For any questions，call Li Hua at 44876655. e on，everybody！It’s your show time. Student Union 即時訓練(xx江西) 星光中學(Xingguang High School)近期舉行了一次登山活動。假定你是學校英語報記者，請寫一篇短文，報道此次活動。內(nèi)容包括： 1．時間與地點：4月10日，大青山(Daqing Mountain)； 2．活動的過程； 3．你對于這次活動的評論。 注意：1.詞數(shù)120左右。 2．可適當增加細節(jié)，以使行文連貫。 參考范文 In order to encourage the students to take outdoor exercise，our school organized a mountainclimbing on April 10.Hundreds of us took part in it. It was a nice day.At 8：00 am，we gathered at the foot of Daqing Mountain and set out for the top in high spirits.At the way we were chatting，singing and laughing，enjoying the fresh air and the beautiful scenery.When some fell behind，others would e and offer help.About 2 hours later，we all reached the top.Bathed in sunshine，we jumped and cheered with joy. The activity benefited us a lot.Not only did it get us close to nature and give us relaxation from heavy school work，it also promoted the friendship among us.What a wonderful time! 第13講　提綱類(1)——正反觀點型 一、文章結(jié)構(gòu) 1．開頭：提出問題； 2．主體：陳述不同的觀點及其理由； 3．結(jié)尾：說明自己的觀點。 二、段落框架 1．第一段 開門見山，提出主題(1－2句) (1)We had a heated discussion about/on... (2)Different people hold different opinions. (3)Opinions are divided. (4)People have taken/adopted different attitudes towards... (5)People have different opinions on this problem. (6)People take different views on this question. 2．第二段 表達不同觀點 (1)．..of them hold the opinion that... (2)．..of them are in favor of the idea that... (3)People who are for/against the idea think that... (4)Some people believe that...Others argue that... (5)However，...of them hold a different view./...of them hold the opposite opinion. (6)However，each coin has two sides. (7)Different from those...，people think... (8)On the other hand，...people object that... 3．第三段 說明自己的觀點 (1)As far as I am concerned... (2)In my opinion... (3)It’s my opinion that... (4)In a word，only through...can we have a bright future. 三、寫作模板 1．導入主題 There is a widespread concern over the issue that (某個主題，需以句子形式呈現(xiàn))．But it is well known that the opinions concerning this hot topic vary from person to person. 2．正方觀點 A majority of people approve of the opinion that (正方觀點)．From their point of view，there are two factors contributing to this attitude，which are as follows：in the first place， (原因一)．Furthermore， (原因二)． 3．反方觀點 On the contrary，some people differ in their opinions on this matter.They hold the view that (反方觀點)．On the one hand， (原因一)．On the other hand， (原因二)． 4．闡明個人看法 As far as I am concerned，I think we should take immediate measures to (個人觀點)．First of all， .In addition， .Only in this way can we . 經(jīng)典語篇 假設(shè)你是李華，、舉行了一次班會，班會的主題是：太空探險的意義。請結(jié)合下表內(nèi)容，用英語給校報寫一篇文章，客觀地介紹討論的情況并表達你自己的觀點。 贊同的理由 反對的理由 你自己的觀點 1.獲得新知識； 2.從太空取得新資源； 3.擴大人類未來的生存空間。 1.耗資巨大； 2.宇航員的安全問題。 …… 注意：1.詞數(shù)100左右； 2．開頭已給出，不計入總詞數(shù)。 Outer Space Explorations，YES or NO? We had an argument over whether it was necessary to carry out outer space explorations at a class meeting the other day. 佳作欣賞 Outer Space Explorations，YES or NO? We had an argument over whether it was necessary to carry out outer space explorations at a class meeting the other day.Different students have different attitudes towards it. Some of us think it important to research the outer space because，first of all，people can get a better understanding of the outer space through their exploration.Second，new resources can be found there for human being.Third，this exploration can possibly bring about new living space for human life in the near future. However，others are strongly against it.They believe that it takes so much money to do this kind of exploration，which is not worth the value.Besides，it is very dangerous for astronauts to do such work in the outer space. In my opinion，people should be pioneering，and therefore such explorations into the outer space are worth trying out. 即時訓練 隨著互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的發(fā)展和普及，網(wǎng)絡(luò)購物在中國也變得越來越普遍了，甚至已經(jīng)成了我們?nèi)粘Ｉ钪械囊徊糠郑幌嘈拍銈兩磉呉欢ㄓ胁簧偻瑢W已經(jīng)通過網(wǎng)絡(luò)進行購物了，比如淘寶網(wǎng)，京東商城等。但是網(wǎng)絡(luò)購物究竟有何利弊呢？ 請寫一篇短文，談?wù)劸W(wǎng)上購物的好處與壞處。 注意：詞數(shù)100左右。 參考范文 We talked about the advantages and disadvantages of Internet shopping these days.Some students think it’s very convenient for us to go shopping on the Internet. The shops on the Internet for example taobao，jd are open for almost 24 hours a day so we can buy something we want at any time if we like.What’s more，we needn’t wait in a queue. However，some students disagreed with them.We can’t see the things while we are shopping，so we are not sure whether they are good or not.Besides，we can’t enjoy the happiness of shopping with our friends. 第14講　提綱類——利弊對比型 這種題型往往要求先說明一下現(xiàn)狀，再對比事物本身的利弊