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1、單擊此處編輯母版標(biāo)題樣式,單擊此處編輯母版文本樣式,第二級(jí),第三級(jí),第四級(jí),第五級(jí),*,Session 26,Translation of Chinese Passive Sentences Into English,漢語(yǔ)被動(dòng)句的翻譯,漢語(yǔ)的被動(dòng)句譯成英語(yǔ)時(shí)，并非只能譯成被動(dòng),句，有時(shí)也可以譯成主動(dòng)句。這是因?yàn)?，英語(yǔ)除了,使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表達(dá)被動(dòng)的意思以外，還有別的表達(dá),法，如使用某些短語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)表達(dá)被動(dòng)意義。仔細(xì)觀,察被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)英譯漢的例句，作逆向思維，便可大致,明白什么樣的漢語(yǔ)句子可以譯成英語(yǔ)被動(dòng)句。,下面,例證漢語(yǔ)被動(dòng)句的主要譯法。,21 漢語(yǔ)被動(dòng)句譯成英語(yǔ)被動(dòng)句,漢語(yǔ)被動(dòng)句譯成英語(yǔ)被動(dòng)句，這是

2、首先考慮的,翻譯方法之一。例如：,（1）海外華僑現(xiàn)在不再被人輕視了。Overseas Chi-,nese are no longer looked down upon.,（2）他被選為學(xué)生會(huì)主席。He was elected Chair-,man of the Students Union.,（3）窗上的玻璃叫那個(gè)孩子打破了，他一定要,挨罵的。The window pane was broken by,the child;he will certainly be scolded.,（4）我整夜被蚊子搞得不快。I was annoyed by,mosquitoes all night.,（5）她

3、深受大家的尊敬。She is greatly respec-,ted by everyone.,（6）他遭到了鄰居們的嘲笑。He was laughed,at by his neighbours.,（7）辦公大樓為松樹(shù)所環(huán)繞。The office building,is surrounded by pine trees.,（8）這個(gè)問(wèn)題必須在適當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)候以適當(dāng)?shù)姆绞接?以處理。The problem must be dealt with by,appropriate means at an appropriate time.,（9）該計(jì)劃將由一個(gè)特別委員會(huì)加以審查。The,plan will b

4、e examined by a special committee.,（10）這個(gè)方案在教代會(huì)上被通過(guò)了。This scheme,was approved at the TeachersCongress.,（11）他的研究項(xiàng)目去年完成了。His research pro-,ject was accomplished last year.,（12）有個(gè)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)在會(huì)上受到了批評(píng)。A leader was,criticized at the meeting.,（13）她被譽(yù)為全國(guó)勞動(dòng)模范。She has been selec-,ted as a national model worker.,（14）他的

5、研究成果獲得了高度評(píng)價(jià)。His research,findings have been highly evaluated.,（15）他被任命為我?？蒲刑幪庨L(zhǎng)。,He has been appointed as head/dean of,the Research Department of our university.,（16）艾滋病的蔓延問(wèn)題可以通過(guò)教育加以控制。,The spread of AIDS can be controlled,through education.,（17）正在采取各種措施減少我國(guó)的失業(yè)率。,Various measures are being adopted in

6、,order to reduce the unemployment rate,of our country.,（18）,那男孩的成績(jī)沒(méi)有讓他父母看到。The boys,school records were not seen by his parents.,（19）那個(gè)國(guó)家有許多人被恐怖分子的炸彈炸死了。,Many people in that country were killed by,the bombs buried and set off by the terrorists.,（20）他的所作所為受到人們的懷疑。He was,suspected of what he did.,以上20

7、句漢語(yǔ)被動(dòng)句都翻譯成了相應(yīng)的英語(yǔ)被,動(dòng)句，所有譯句在形式與內(nèi)容方面均與原句保持一,致。顯然，漢語(yǔ)被動(dòng)句翻譯為英語(yǔ)被動(dòng)句是基本的,處理方法。,22 漢語(yǔ)被動(dòng)句譯成形式上的英語(yǔ)主動(dòng)句,英語(yǔ)表示被動(dòng)意義時(shí)，一般使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的,句子，但并不一定非用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)句式不可。英語(yǔ),有些詞語(yǔ)本身帶有被動(dòng)的含義，包含這樣的詞語(yǔ),的句子雖然是主動(dòng)句，但實(shí)際上是表達(dá)被動(dòng)意義,的句子，可稱為形式上的主動(dòng)句，或邏輯意義上,的被動(dòng)句。許多漢語(yǔ)被動(dòng)句可以翻譯成這樣的英,語(yǔ)句子。,讓我們觀察以下實(shí)例。,（21）有些地方教師住房仍然不足，教育工作者,的工資,經(jīng)常被拖欠,。Housing for teachers,is still

8、inadequate in some areas,and tea-,chers pay,is often in arrears,.,（22）半夜要煨銀爾，伺候主人耍錢；頭錢從來(lái),沒(méi)分，有時(shí)還,挨皮鞭,I boil white fungus,for him late at night.I wait on him at his,gambling table without ever getting a tip.,Instead I sometimes,get a good threshing,（23）,當(dāng)然她們是被摟在幸福之神的懷抱里了。,青春的愛(ài)嬌，活潑快樂(lè)的心情，,她們是,多么可羨慕的人生呢,

9、！Young and light-,hearted,they were indeed basking in the,embrace of the god of happiness.,How,enviable their life was!,（24）這個(gè)年輕人應(yīng)該,受到懲罰,。The young,man,deserves,punishing,.,（25）此謀殺案,正在受到調(diào)查,。The murder,is,now under investigation.,（26）老人在那個(gè)國(guó)家,不受尊敬,。The aged,are,not respectable,in that country.,（27）這篇論

10、文,經(jīng)得起推敲,。The paper can,stand criticizing,.,（28）這些書(shū),由我夫人保管,。These books,were,in the charge of my wife,.,（29）那一地區(qū)的嚴(yán)重問(wèn)題,遠(yuǎn)未被解決,。The,serious problem in that area,is far from,its solution.,（30）華盛頓歐文1783年4月3日生于紐約，當(dāng)時(shí),紐約,仍為英軍占領(lǐng),。Washington Irving was,born in New York on April 3,1783,when the,city,was still i

11、n the possession of the British,troops.,（31）他不愿,受制于人,。He is not willing,to be,under others control,.,（32）他們,遭到敵人的突然襲擊,。They,ran into,an unexpected attack from the enemy,.,（33）這男孩正在,被嚴(yán)加管教,。The boy,is under,strict discipline.,（34）這座城市就這樣,被敵人征服了,。Thus,the,city,fell into the hands of the enemy,.,（35）政權(quán),

12、被牢牢地掌握,在人民手里。Political,power,rests firmly,in the hands of the people.,例句（20）至（35）都是明顯的漢語(yǔ)被動(dòng)句，,它們分別被翻譯成形式上為主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)、但邏輯意義,上實(shí)為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的英語(yǔ)句子。這些譯句都采用了含,有被動(dòng)意義的習(xí)慣表達(dá)法，流暢易懂，朗朗上口，,堪稱忠實(shí)、準(zhǔn)確的譯文。,23 邏輯意義上的漢語(yǔ)被動(dòng)句譯為,相應(yīng)的邏輯意義上的英語(yǔ)被動(dòng)句,漢語(yǔ)有數(shù)不勝數(shù)的邏輯意義上的被動(dòng)句，這是,漢語(yǔ)的一大特點(diǎn)。英語(yǔ)也有一些形式上為主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)、,但邏輯意義上實(shí)為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的句子。許許多多邏輯,意義上的漢語(yǔ)被動(dòng)句最好翻譯為相對(duì)應(yīng)的邏輯意義,上的英

13、語(yǔ)被動(dòng)句。,請(qǐng)看下面的例句。,（36）他的戲劇不宜上演。His plays wont act.,（37）會(huì)議于五點(diǎn)鐘休會(huì)。The meeting adjourned,at five oclock.,（38）西紅柿容易碰傷。Tomatoes bruise easily.,（39）這根腰帶扣不上。This belt wont buckle.,（40）我的聲音傳不遠(yuǎn)。,My voice does not carry well.,（41）,搪瓷器皿容易弄干凈。Enamel wares clean easily.,（42）這箱子關(guān)不攏。This box doesnt close properly.,（4

14、3）這些蘋果適于烹煮。These apples cook well.,（44）這種金屬容易切削。This metal cuts easily.,（45）這煙斗不大暢通。The pipe does not draw well.,（46）尼龍織物干得快。Nylon dries quickly.,（47）這料子染不好。This material does not dye well.,（48）這東西好吃。It eats well.,（49）潮濕的木頭不著火。Damp wood will not fire.,（50）這種麥子很好磨。This wheat grinds well.,（51）剎車不靈。The

15、 brake does not grip properly.,（52）這車很好駕駛。This car handles well.,（53）潮濕的衣服容易燙平。Damp clothes iron easily.,（54）蚊子在產(chǎn)卵時(shí)容易消滅。Mosquitoes kill easily,when incubating.,（55）這套公寓房間每月租金500元。The flat lets for,500 yuan a month.,（56）這火柴容易劃燃。The match lights easily.,（57）這門鎖不上。The door wont lock.,（58）這條母牛出奶率高。The c

16、ow milks well.,（59）這些書(shū)容易包裝。These books pack easily.,（60）這些土豆容易削皮。These potatoes peel easily.,（61）成熟的蘋果容易摘下來(lái)。Ripe apples pick easily.,（62）那出戲適宜上演。That drama will play.,（63）這首詩(shī)讀來(lái)順口。This poem reads well.,（64）他的聲音錄下來(lái)很好聽(tīng)。His voice records well.,（65）這些詩(shī)很合韻律。The verses scan smoothly.,（66）那個(gè)劇本不適于拍電影。That play screens badly.,（67）他的新小說(shuō)銷路很好。His new novel is selling well.,（68）這窗關(guān)不上。The window wont shut.,（69）有些木材容易劈開(kāi)。Some kinds of wood split easily.,（70）有些食物容易腐爛。Some kinds of food soon spoil.,（71）這麻布容易玷污。Thi