Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,*,*,單擊此處編輯母版標(biāo)題樣式,單擊此處編輯母版文本樣式,第二級(jí),第三級(jí),第四級(jí),第五級(jí),*,(八)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,一、動(dòng)詞不定式,1.動(dòng)詞不定式的句法功能,(1)不定式作主語(yǔ),To know something about English is one thing；to know English,is quite another.,此時(shí)，常用it作形式主語(yǔ)，而把不定式放在句子的后部。,It isnt easy for her to find a new job.,(2)不定式作賓語(yǔ),不定式可作某些動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)，常見的動(dòng)詞有：afford，,agree，ask，decide，desire，expect，fail，hope，manage，,promise，pretend，plan，intend，refuse，wish等。,I promised not to be late.,第一頁(yè)，編輯于星期四：二十二點(diǎn) 四十四分。,介詞but/except后接不定式作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，如前面有實(shí)義動(dòng)詞do，不,定式就要省略to。,It has no choice but to lie down and sleep.,They did nothing but complain.,(3)不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ),某些動(dòng)詞如tell，want，wish，advise，order，require，,expect，remind，persuade，encourage，convince，force，beg，,allow，forbid等后可接不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。,My doctor advised me to take a rest.,某些感官動(dòng)詞如feel，hear，see，watch，notice，observe等或,使役動(dòng)詞如have，let，make等后面可接不帶to的不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ),足語(yǔ)。但如果句子變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，就必須帶to 符號(hào)。,Did you notice anyone go into the house?,Was anyone noticed to go into the house?,第二頁(yè)，編輯于星期四：二十二點(diǎn) 四十四分。,某些動(dòng)詞如find，feel，think，expect，consider，make等后可,接不定式作賓語(yǔ)，但賓語(yǔ)后要接形容詞或名詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，而,且要用it作形式賓語(yǔ)。,News services make it possible for newspapers to give their readers,news from around the world.,(4)不定式作定語(yǔ),Do you have the ability to read and write English?,作定語(yǔ)的不定式如果是不及物動(dòng)詞，或者不定式所修飾的名詞,是不定式動(dòng)作的地點(diǎn)、工具等，不定式后面須有相應(yīng)的介詞。,Please give me a knife to cut with.,不定式作定語(yǔ)一般表示將來的動(dòng)作，但修飾有序數(shù)詞或形容詞,最高級(jí)限定的名詞時(shí)，則表示已完成的動(dòng)作。,I borrowed some books to read during my holiday.,She was the first woman to win the gold medal in the Olympic,Games.,第三頁(yè)，編輯于星期四：二十二點(diǎn) 四十四分。,(5)不定式作狀語(yǔ),不定式一般作目的狀語(yǔ)，還可用短語(yǔ)in order to 或so as to。,He sat down to have a rest.,不定式有時(shí)可作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)，表示意想不到的結(jié)果，還可用only to。,He left，never to return.,He lifted a stone only to drop it on his own feet.,不定式可用在下列句子中表示結(jié)果：,He was so careless as to forget to lock the door.,第四頁(yè)，編輯于星期四：二十二點(diǎn) 四十四分。,不定式可作評(píng)注性狀語(yǔ)，用以修飾整個(gè)句子。,To be honest，I know nothing about it.,(6)不定式作表語(yǔ),The first step is to check the victims breathing.,All I did was(to)press the button.,(7)“疑問詞不定式”在句中可充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)。,When and where to hold the meeting is not known yet.,I didnt know whether to laugh or cry about it.,【注】此時(shí)不可用if to do結(jié)構(gòu)。,第五頁(yè)，編輯于星期四：二十二點(diǎn) 四十四分。,2.不定式的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài),時(shí)態(tài),主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),一般時(shí),to do,to be done,進(jìn)行時(shí),to be doing,完成時(shí),to have done,to have been done,(1)不定式的時(shí)態(tài),不定式的一般式表示將來要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或表示一種狀態(tài)。,I wish,to finish,my business and get away.,He pretended,to be asleep,when his mother came in.,不定式的進(jìn)行式表示不定式動(dòng)作仍在進(jìn)行之中。,It happened,to be raining,hard when the accident occurred.,第六頁(yè)，編輯于星期四：二十二點(diǎn) 四十四分。,不定式的完成式表示不定式動(dòng)作已完成或發(fā)生在句子的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng),詞之前。,He is generally considered,to have invented,the telephone.,(2)不定式的語(yǔ)態(tài),當(dāng)不定式與自己的邏輯主語(yǔ)之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系時(shí)，用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；如,果是被動(dòng)關(guān)系則用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。,He,refused,to go,abroad.,He,refused,to be taken,abroad.,【注】下列情況下不定式用主動(dòng)形式表達(dá)被動(dòng)意義：,不定式作定語(yǔ)時(shí)。,She has a sister to look after.,不定式放在形容詞之后時(shí)。,This book is difficult to understand.,第七頁(yè)，編輯于星期四：二十二點(diǎn) 四十四分。,個(gè)別動(dòng)詞用在“be不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)中表將來或應(yīng)該時(shí)。,I think he is to blame.我認(rèn)為他應(yīng)該受到責(zé)備。,3.不定式的省略問題,有時(shí)為了避免重復(fù)，不定式可用省略形式，但常常要保留不定,式符號(hào)to。這種情況常出現(xiàn)在動(dòng)詞expect，hope，wish，mean，,prefer，care，forget，want，try或be glad，be happy或would,like/love等后面。如果不定式中含有be，have，have been時(shí)，這,些詞也可保留。,I havent been to Hong Kong，but I wish to.,“I didnt tell him the news.”“Oh，you ought to have.”,第八頁(yè)，編輯于星期四：二十二點(diǎn) 四十四分。,二、動(dòng)名詞,1.動(dòng)名詞的功能,(1)動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ),Watching them is a thrilling experience.,【注】有時(shí)用it 作形式主語(yǔ)，而把動(dòng)詞的ing 形式放在句子的,后部。,It is no use crying over spilt milk.,(2)動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ),下列動(dòng)詞后只能接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)，不可接不定式作賓語(yǔ)：,admit，appreciate，avoid，consider，delay，dislike，enjoy，,escape，excuse，finish，imagine，keep，mind，miss，,practise，risk，resist，suggest等。,I admit breaking the window.,第九頁(yè)，編輯于星期四：二十二點(diǎn) 四十四分。,下列短語(yǔ)后要接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)：burst out，cant stand，end,up，give up，feel like，keep on，insist on，look forward to，put,off，devote.to，object to，be busy(in)，get down to，have,difficulty/trouble(in)，have a good/wonderful/hard time(in)等。,He didnt want to end up going home alone.,下列動(dòng)詞或短語(yǔ)后接不定式和動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，意義上有所不,同。,第十頁(yè)，編輯于星期四：二十二點(diǎn) 四十四分。,第十一頁(yè)，編輯于星期四：二十二點(diǎn) 四十四分。,Remember to post the letter for me on your way to school.請(qǐng)你在上學(xué)的路上記住替我把這封信寄出去。,I remember turning off the light before I left the office.,我記得在離開辦公室前關(guān)上了燈。,動(dòng)詞like，love，prefer，hate，continue等后接不定式或動(dòng)名詞,作賓語(yǔ)均可。但如表示經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作要用動(dòng)名詞，如表示具體的,行為要用不定式。,I like swimming，but I dont like to swim this afternoon.,第十二頁(yè)，編輯于星期四：二十二點(diǎn) 四十四分。,動(dòng)詞allow，advise，forbid，permit等后接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)，但要接不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。,We dont allow smoking here.,We dont allow students to smoke.,動(dòng)詞need，require，want作“需要”解時(shí)，其后要用動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)或不定式的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)作賓語(yǔ)。,The window needs cleaning/to be cleaned.,形容詞worth后要接動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表達(dá)被動(dòng)意義，它不同于worthy 的用法。,The place is worth visiting.,The place is worthy of being visited/to be visited.,第十三頁(yè)，編輯于星期四：二十二點(diǎn) 四十四分。,介詞后要接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)。,What do you mean by saying that?,I congratulated them on getting married.,(3)動(dòng)名詞作表語(yǔ),My hobby is growing flowers.,(4)動(dòng)名詞作定語(yǔ),He had a very expensive walking stick.,2.動(dòng)名詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài),主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),一般時(shí),doing,being done,完成時(shí),having done,having been done,第十四頁(yè)，編輯于星期四：二十二點(diǎn) 四十四分。,He went away without saying anything.,He came into the room without being seen.,Im sorry for having wasted so much of your time.,I forgot having been given a Christmas gift years ago.,3.動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu),動(dòng)名詞