Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,*,*,單擊此處編輯母版標題樣式,單擊此處編輯母版文本樣式,第二級,第三級,第四級,第五級,*,(九)動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài),一、一般、進行、完成的含義,第一頁，編輯于星期四：二十二點 四十四分。,二、一般過去時和現(xiàn)在完成時的區(qū)別,比較下面幾組句子，體會兩種時態(tài)的不同：,第二頁，編輯于星期四：二十二點 四十四分。,三、一般過去時和過去完成時的用法區(qū)別,1.一般過去時是對現(xiàn)在說話時刻而言的，過去完成時則是對過去,某一時刻而言。兩種時態(tài)建立的時間參照點不同，對過去完成,時來說，這一個時間參照點十分重要，它是過去完成概念賴以,建立的基礎(chǔ)，也是和一般過去時相區(qū)別的重要標準。,2.過去完成時的時間狀語常用by和before引導(dǎo)的短語表示，如by,that time，by the end of，before 2000，by the time句子等。,四、過去完成時與現(xiàn)在完成時的用法區(qū)別,比較下面的說法，體會兩種時態(tài)的不同：,第三頁，編輯于星期四：二十二點 四十四分。,五、動詞時態(tài)的一些典型用法,1.在條件狀語從句、時間狀語從句、讓步狀語從句中，如果主句,是將來時或主句是祈使句，從句中要用一般現(xiàn)在時代替一般將,來時。,Ill not go unless Im invited.,Tell him the news as soon as he comes.,2.“used to/would動詞原形”可以表示過去經(jīng)常或習(xí)慣性的動作。,Often at night she would hear a long low whistle and the sound of,a metallic noise.,3.“be to do”表示擬定或計劃中將發(fā)生的行為或按職責(zé)義務(wù)必須,去做的事情；“be about to do”表示即將發(fā)生的事，句中一般不,使用時間狀語。,All the questions are to be answered at once.,No one is to leave the room without permission.,第四頁，編輯于星期四：二十二點 四十四分。,4.一般過去時，往往表示“剛才，剛剛”之意，暗示現(xiàn)在已“不再這,樣”。,I didnt know you were here.我不知道你在這里。,I never thought he would do that.我從沒想到他會做出這樣的事。,5.表示愿望、打算一類的詞，如：hope，expect，mean，intend，,want，think，suppose，want等，其過去完成時表示過去未曾實,現(xiàn)的愿望或意圖。,I had hoped to see more of Shanghai.,我本希望在上海多看看。(但未能如愿),I had meant to help you，but I was too busy at the moment.,我本想去幫你的，但當時確實太忙了。,第五頁，編輯于星期四：二十二點 四十四分。,6.某些固定句式中的動詞時態(tài)。,(1)This/It is the first/second.timethat從句。that從句一般用現(xiàn),在完成時，如果把前邊的is改為was，則that從句用過去完成時。,This is the first time I have come here.,It was the third time(that)he had made the same mistake.,(2)It is/has been一段時間since 從句。since從句中一般用過,去時，如果將前邊的is改為was，則since從句中用過去完成時。,It was ten years since we had had such a wonderful time.,(3)be about to do.when.意為“即將(這時)突然”。,I was about to go out when the telephone rang.,第六頁，編輯于星期四：二十二點 四十四分。,(4)be(was/were)doing.when.意為“正在干(這時)突然”。,They were reading when Tom shouted in pain.,(5)Hardly had.done.when.；No sooner had.done.than.意為,“剛就”。,Hardly(No sooner),had,_,I,_,got,home when(than)the rain,poured,down.,(6)Itbe一段時間before從句,如果主句用將來時，則從句用一般現(xiàn)在時表將來，意為多長時間,以后即將發(fā)生某事；如果主句用過去時，從句也用過去時，意為,多長時間后發(fā)生了某事。,It wont be long before he succeeds.,It was ten years before they met again.,第七頁，編輯于星期四：二十二點 四十四分。,六、短語動詞和含有情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài),The doctor has been sent for.已經(jīng)派人請大夫去了。,Time must be made good use of.時間一定要充分利用。,Bad habits have been done away with.,壞習(xí)慣已經(jīng)改掉了。,七、get過去分詞可以表示被動，此結(jié)構(gòu)比較口語化,The patient got treated once a week.,那位病人一周得到一次治療。,八、主動形式表被動意義,1.系動詞look，sound，feel，smell，taste，prove，appear形容,詞/名詞構(gòu)成的系表結(jié)構(gòu)。,The steel feels cold.,His plan proved(to be)practical.,第八頁，編輯于星期四：二十二點 四十四分。,2.表示開始、結(jié)束、運動的動詞。如begin，finish，start，open，,close，stop，end，shut，run，move等。,Work began at 7 oclock this morning.,The shop closes at 6 day.,3.表示主語的某種屬性特征的動詞。如read，write，act，sell，,wash，clean，wear，open，cook，lock，shut，dry，eat，,drink。這類動詞一般不單獨使用，常有一個修飾語。,This coat dries easily.這種外衣容易干。,Your speech reads well.你的演說講得好。,Your pen writes smoothly.你的筆好寫。,第九頁，編輯于星期四：二十二點 四十四分。,4.少數(shù)動詞用于進行時，其主動形式表示被動含義。如print，,build，cook，fry，hang，build，make。,The books are printing.這本書正在排印中。,The meat is cooking.在煮肉。,5.不能用于被動語態(tài)的及物動詞或動詞短語：fit，have，wish，,cost，agree with，arrive at/in，shake hands with，succeed in，,suffer from，happen to，take part in，walk into，belong to等。,如：,This key just fits the lock.,Your story agrees with what has already been heard.,第十頁，編輯于星期四：二十二點 四十四分。,6.介詞in，on，under等名詞構(gòu)成介詞短語表被動意義。如：,under control受控制,under treatment在治療中,under repair在修理中,under discussion在討論中,under construction在施工中,beyond belief令人難以置信,beyond ones reach鞭長莫及,beyond ones control無法控制,for rent出租,in print 在印刷中,第十一頁，編輯于星期四：二十二點 四十四分。,in sight 在視野范圍內(nèi),on sale出售,on show 展出,on trial受審,out of control控制不了,out of sight 超出視線之外,out of ones reach夠不著,The building is under construction.,His honest character is beyond all praise.,Today some treasures are on show in the museum.,第十二頁，編輯于星期四：二十二點 四十四分。,過關(guān)落實,1.The flowers were so lovely that they _ in no time.,A.sold B.had been sold,C.were sold D.would sell,解析：,由“時態(tài)一致”原則可知，應(yīng)該使用一般過去時態(tài)，又因,“花”和“賣”之間是被動關(guān)系，故用被動語態(tài)。,答案：,C,2.Is there anything wrong，Bob?You look sad.,Oh，nothing much.In fact，I _ of my friends back,home.,A.have just thought B.was just thinking,C.would just think D.will just be thinking,解析：,說話人說剛才在思念家鄉(xiāng)的朋友，故用過去進行時。,答案：,B,第十三頁，編輯于星期四：二十二點 四十四分。,3.Tom，you didnt come to the party last night?,I _，but I suddenly remembered I had homework to,do.,A.had to B.didnt,C.was going to D.wouldnt,解析：,was going to表示本打算做某事，而實際上沒做。,答案：,C,4.Did you see a man in black pants pass by just now?,No，sir.I _ a newspaper.,A.read B.was reading,C.would read D.am reading,解析：,句意為“沒看見，先生。我剛才正在讀報紙?！?，故用過,去進行時。,答案：,B,第十四頁，編輯于星期四：二十二點 四十四分。,5._ you _ him around the museum yet?,Yes.We had a great time there.,A.Have；shown B.Do；show,C.Had；shown D.Did；show,解析：,用現(xiàn)在完成時詢問已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事情，語氣委婉，用一般,過去時回答對方的詢問，顯得簡明。,答案：,A,6.I have got a headache.,No wonder.You _ in front of that computer too long.,A.work B.are working,C.have been working D.worked,解析：,現(xiàn)在完成進行時表示動作一直在持續(xù)。,答案：,C,第十五頁，編輯于星期四：二十二點 四十四分。,7.It was really very kind of you to give me a lift