單擊此處編輯母版標(biāo)題樣式,單擊此處編輯母版文本樣式,第二級(jí),第三級(jí),第四級(jí),第五級(jí),,,*,,,單擊此處編輯母版標(biāo)題樣式,單擊此處編輯母版文本樣式,第二級(jí),第三級(jí),第四級(jí),第五級(jí),,,*,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,單擊此處編輯母版標(biāo)題樣式,單擊此處編輯母版文本樣式,第二級(jí),第三級(jí),第四級(jí),第五級(jí),,,*,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,單擊此處編輯母版標(biāo)題樣式,單擊此處編輯母版文本樣式,第二級(jí),第三級(jí),第四級(jí),第五級(jí),,,*,,高三第一輪復(fù)習(xí) 語法復(fù)習(xí)一 詞類及句子成分,高三第一輪復(fù)習(xí) 語法復(fù)習(xí)一 詞類及句子,,一．詞類,能夠自由運(yùn)用的最小語言單位叫詞。根據(jù)詞的形式、意義及其在句中的作用所作的分類叫詞類（,parts of speech,）。,英語的詞通常分為十大類，即名詞、冠詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、形容詞、副詞、動(dòng)詞、介詞、連詞和感嘆詞。現(xiàn)分別敘述如下：,名詞,,名詞,(n = noun),是表示人、事物、地點(diǎn)或抽象概念的名稱。例如：,,foreigner,外國人,soap,肥皂,Newton,牛頓,law,法律,freedom,自由,peace,和平,一．詞類,,英語名詞可分為兩大類：,1.,普通名詞,(common noun),是某一類人、事物、某種物質(zhì)或抽象概念的名稱。例如：,,teacher,教師,market,市場,rice,大米,magazine,雜志,sound,聲音,production,生產(chǎn),2.,專有名詞,(proper noun),是特定的某人、地方或機(jī)構(gòu)的名稱。專有名詞的第一個(gè)字母必須,Russia,俄羅斯,New York,紐約,United Nations,聯(lián)合國,,名詞又可分為可數(shù)名詞,(countable noun),與不可數(shù)名詞,(uncountable noun),兩種。可數(shù)名詞有單、復(fù)數(shù)之分。絕大多數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式的構(gòu)成是在單數(shù)名詞的后面加,-s,或,-es,。例如：,,shop→shop,商店,bus→buses,公共汽車,library→libraries,圖書館,toy→toys,玩具,leaf→leaves,樹葉,英語中有一些名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式是不規(guī)則的。,man→men,男人,tooth→teeth,牙齒,datum→data,數(shù)據(jù),英語名詞可分為兩大類：,冠詞,冠詞,(art = article),放在名詞之前，幫助說明該名詞所指的對(duì)象。冠詞分為不定冠詞,(indefinite article),和定冠詞,(definite article),兩種。,不定冠詞為,a/an,，用在單數(shù)名詞之前，表示某一類人或事物的“一個(gè)”。,a,用在以輔音開頭的名詞之前，,an,用在以元音開頭的名詞之前。例如：,a hotel a chance a double room a useful book an exhibition an honest man,,定冠詞只有一個(gè)，即,the,，表示某一類人或事物中特定的一個(gè)或一些?？捎糜趩螖?shù)或復(fù)數(shù)名詞前，也可用于不可數(shù)名詞前。例如：,the TV programs,那些電視節(jié)目,the house,那座房子,the Olympic Games,奧運(yùn)會(huì),冠詞,（三）代詞,代詞,(pro = pronoun),是用來指代人或事物的詞。,1,．人稱代詞，如：,I, you, they, it,等；,2,．物主代詞，如：,my, his, their, our, mine, hers,等；,3,．反身代詞，如：,myself, yourself, itself, ourselves, oneself,等；,4,．相互代詞，如：,each other, one another,等；,5,．指示代詞，如：,this, that, these, those, such, same,等；,6,．疑問代詞，如：,who, whom, whose, which, what,等；,7,．關(guān)系代詞，如：,who, whom, whose, which, that,等；,8,．不定代詞，如：,some, any, no, all, one, every, many, a little, someone, anything,等；,（三）代詞,（四）數(shù)詞,,數(shù)詞,(num = numeral),是表示“數(shù)量”和“順序”的詞。,前者稱為基數(shù)詞，,例如：,one(,一,),，,twenty (,二十,),，,thirty-five(,三十五,),，,one hundred and ninety-five(,一百九十五,),等；,后者稱為序數(shù)詞，例如：,first(,第一,),，,twentieth(,第二十,),，,fifty-first(,第五十一等。,（四）數(shù)詞,（五）形容詞,形容詞,(adj = adjective),是用來修飾名詞，表示名詞屬性的詞。例如：,yellow(,黃色的,),，,wonderful(,驚人的,),，,strong(,強(qiáng)大的,),。,形容詞一般放在它所修飾的名詞之前，例如：,busy streets(,繁華的街道,),，,public relations(,公共關(guān)系,),，,young men(,年輕人,),等。,形容詞的比較等級(jí)可分為三種，既原級(jí)、比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)。原級(jí)，既未變化的形容詞原形，例如：,great, big, difficult,等；比較級(jí)，既形容詞,+,后綴,-er,或,more+,形容詞，,例如：,greater, bigger, more difficult,等；最高級(jí)，既形容詞,+,后綴,-est,或,most+,形容詞，例如：,greatest, biggest, most difficult,等。,（五）形容詞,（六）副詞,,副詞,(adv =adverb),可分為四種，包括：,1,．普通副詞，例如：,together(,一起,),，,well(,好,),，,carefully(,仔細(xì)地,),等；,2,．疑問副詞，例如：,when(,何時(shí),),，,where(,何地,),，,how(,如何,),，,why(,為什么,),等；,3,．連接副詞，例如：,therefore(,因此,),，,then(,然后,),，,however(,然而,),，,otherwise(,否則,),等；,4,．關(guān)系副詞，例如：,where, when, why,等。,副詞的比較等級(jí)的構(gòu)成和形容詞一樣。,（六）副詞,（七）動(dòng)詞,動(dòng)詞,(v = verb),是表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)的詞，例如：,sign(,簽字,),，,support(,支持,),，,have(,有,),，,exist(,存在,),等。,動(dòng)詞根據(jù)起意義和作用可分為實(shí)義動(dòng)詞、系動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和助動(dòng)詞。,實(shí)義動(dòng)詞有完全的詞義，并能獨(dú)立作謂語，例如：,explain(,解釋,),，,stay(,停留,),，,have(,有,),等。,系動(dòng)詞作謂語時(shí)，后面需接表語。常見英語系動(dòng)詞有：,be(,是,),，,seem(,似乎,),，,look(,看起來,),，,become(,變成,),，,appear(,顯得,),，,get(,變得,),，,feel(,感到,),，,turn(,變成,),，,remain(,仍然是,),等。,情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表示能力、義務(wù)、必要、猜測(cè)等說話人的語氣和情感。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞只能和原形動(dòng)詞一起構(gòu)成謂語動(dòng)詞。英語情態(tài)動(dòng)詞主要有,can(,能夠,),，,may(,可以，也許,),，,must(,必須,),及其過去形式,could, might,等。,助動(dòng)詞常和主要?jiǎng)釉~一起構(gòu)成各種時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)、語氣等動(dòng)詞形式，以及用于否定和疑問等結(jié)構(gòu)中。英語助動(dòng)詞主要有,shall, will, have, be, should, would, do,等。,（七）動(dòng)詞,實(shí)義動(dòng)詞還可根據(jù)是否需要賓語分為及物動(dòng)詞和不及物動(dòng)詞。,,及物動(dòng)詞,(vt = transitive verb),后面要跟賓語，意義才完整。例如：,,Have you received the letter?,你受到了那封信嗎？（,the letter,是及物動(dòng)詞,receive,的賓語）,不及物動(dòng)詞,(vi = intransitive verb),本身意義完整，后面不需跟賓語，例如：,The old man walked very slowly.,這老人走的很慢。（,walked,是不及物動(dòng)詞）,,不及物動(dòng)詞需要跟賓語時(shí)，要加適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~。如：,He is listening carefully. He is listening to the teacher carefully.,注意：哪些是及物動(dòng)詞和不及物動(dòng)詞要死記。但是，很多動(dòng)詞有時(shí)是及物動(dòng)詞，有時(shí)是不及物動(dòng)詞。,如,ride:,She is riding. She is riding her bike.,動(dòng)詞有四中基本形式，即動(dòng)詞原形、過去式、過去分詞和現(xiàn)在分詞。例如：,live –lived—lived—living,,實(shí)義動(dòng)詞還可根據(jù)是否需要賓語分為及物動(dòng)詞和不及物動(dòng)詞。,,（八）介詞,介詞,(prep = preposition),又叫前置詞，放在名詞、代詞或相當(dāng)于名詞的詞前面，表示它后面的詞與句子中其它成分之間的關(guān)系。介詞在句中一般不重讀，也不能單獨(dú)作句子成分。,介詞根據(jù)其構(gòu)成，可分為,簡單介詞，如：,in, at, for, since,等；,復(fù)合介詞，如：,into(,進(jìn)入,), as for(,至于,), out of(,出自,),；,二重介詞，如：,until after(,直至,...,之后,), from among(,從,...,當(dāng)中,),；,短語介詞，如：,according to(,根據(jù),), because of(,因?yàn)?), in front of(,在,...,之前,), in the event of(,如果,),；,分詞介詞，如,：,regarding(,關(guān)于,), considering(,考慮到,), including(,包括,),。,,介詞后面的名詞或代詞叫做介詞賓語。介詞和介詞賓語合稱為介詞短語,(prepositional phrase),。,（八）介詞,,（九）連詞,連詞,(conj = conjunction),是連接詞、短語、從句或句子的詞。連詞是虛詞，在句中一般不重讀，也不能在句中單獨(dú)作句子成分。 根據(jù)連詞本身的含義及其所連接的成分的性質(zhì)，可分為并列連詞和從屬連詞。,并列連詞是連接并列關(guān)系的詞、短語、從句或句子的連詞，例如：,and(,和,), or(,或者、否則,), but(,但是,), for(,因?yàn)?), not only...but also(,不僅,...,而且,), neither...nor(,即不,...,也不,),。,從屬連詞是連接主從復(fù)合句的主句和從句的連詞，例如：,that, if(,如果,), whether(,是否,), when(,當(dāng),...,時(shí)候,), although(,雖然,), because(,因?yàn)?), so that(,結(jié)果,),。,從連詞本身的結(jié)構(gòu)形式看，又可分為：,簡單連詞，如：,but, because, if,；,關(guān)聯(lián)連詞，如：,not only...but also, as...as(,和,...,一樣,),；,分詞連詞，如：,supposing(,假如,), provided(,倘若,),；,短語連詞，如：,as if(,好象,), as soon as(,一旦,...,就,), in order that(,以便,),。,（九）連詞,（十）感嘆詞,,感嘆詞,(interj = interjection),是表示喜怒哀樂等感情的詞，例如：,oh, well, why, hello,等。,上述十大詞類中，名詞、代詞、形容詞、副詞、動(dòng)詞、數(shù)詞等都有實(shí)義，故稱為實(shí)詞,(notioal word),；而介詞、冠詞、連詞、感嘆詞等沒有實(shí)義，故稱為虛詞,(form word),。,不少詞可以屬于幾個(gè)詞類，例如：,smoke(,煙塵,)n.,，,(,吸煙,)n.,；,own (,自己的,)adj,，,(,擁有,)v.,；,just (,剛才,)adv,，,(,正義的,)adj,；,key (,鑰匙,)n.,，,(,主要的,)adj,，等。,（十）感嘆詞,句子成分,句子成分,一、句子成分,（一）句子成分的定義：,構(gòu)成句子的各個(gè)部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主語和謂語；次要成分有表語、賓語、定語、狀語、補(bǔ)足語和同位語。,一、句子成分（一）句子成分的定義：,二）主語：,主語,(Subject),是一個(gè)句子所敘述的主體，一般位于句首。但在,there be,結(jié)構(gòu)、疑問句（當(dāng)主語不疑問詞時(shí)）和倒裝句中，主語位于謂語、助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后面。主語可由名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、不定式、動(dòng)名詞、名詞化的形容詞和主語從句等表示。例如：,二）主語：主語 (Subject),1.During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.,2.We often speak English in class.,3.One-third of the students in this class are girls.,4.To swim in the river is a great pleasure.,,5.Smoking does harm to the health.,6.The rich should help the poor.,（名詞）,（代詞）,（數(shù)詞）,,（不定式）,（動(dòng)名詞）,（名詞化的形容詞）,,1.During the 1990s, American c,7.When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.,,8.It is necessary to master a foreign language.,,（主語從句）,,（,it,作形式主語，真正的主語為后面的不定式）,7.When we are going to have an,,,Walls,have ears.,隔墻有耳,。（名詞做主語）,,He,will take you to the hospital.,他會(huì)帶你去醫(yī)院,。（代詞做主語）,,Three,plus four is seven.,三加四等于七,。,（數(shù)詞做主語）,,To see,is to believe.,眼見為實(shí),。,（動(dòng)詞不定式做主語）,,Smoking,is not allowed in public places.,公共場所不允許吸煙,。（動(dòng)名詞做主語）,,Whether or not they will come,depends on the weather.,他們來不來取決與天氣,。（從句做主語）,,Walls have ears. 隔墻有耳。（名詞做主語）,（三）謂語,,謂語,(Predicate),說明主語所做的動(dòng)作或具有的特征和狀態(tài)。動(dòng)詞在句中作謂語，一般放在主語之后。謂語的構(gòu)成如下：,1,、簡單謂語：由一個(gè)動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語構(gòu)成。如：,,He practices running every morning.,The plane took off at ten o’clock.,2,、復(fù)合謂語：,（,1,）,由情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或其他助動(dòng)詞加動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成。如：,,You may keep the book for two weeks.,He has caught a bad cold.,（,2,）由系動(dòng)詞加表語構(gòu)成。如：,,We are students.,注意：,謂語與主語在人稱與數(shù)方面要保持一致。,（三）謂語 謂語 (Predicate) 說明主語所做的動(dòng)作,（四）表語,,表語,(Predicative),用以說明主語的性質(zhì)、特征、狀態(tài)與身份，它一般位于系動(dòng)詞（如,be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem,等）之后。表語一般由名詞、代詞、形容詞、數(shù)詞、 副詞、不定式、動(dòng)名詞、分詞、介詞短語及表語從句表示。例如：,（四）表語 表語(Predicative)用以說明主語的性質(zhì),1.Our teacher of English is an,American,.,（名詞）,2.Is it,yours,?,（代詞）,3.The weather has turned,cold,.,（形容詞）,4.The speech is,exciting.,（分詞）,5.Three times seven is,twenty one,?,（數(shù)詞）,1.Our teacher of English is an,6.His job is,to teach English,.,（不定式）,7.His hobby is,playing football,.,（動(dòng)名詞）,8.The meeting is,of great importance,.,（介詞短語）,9.Time is,up,. The class is,over,.,（副詞）,10.The truth is,that he has never been abroad,.,（表語從句）,6.His job is to teach English.,注意：系動(dòng)詞（,Linking verb),用于連接主語和表語，說明主語的狀態(tài)，性質(zhì)特征和身份等。,1,）,狀態(tài)系動(dòng)詞,用來表示主語狀態(tài)，只有,be,一詞，例如：,,He,is,a teacher.,2,）,持續(xù)系動(dòng)詞,用來表示主語繼續(xù)或保持一種狀況或態(tài)度，主要有,keep, rest, remain, stay, lie, stand,,,例如：,He always,kept,silent at meeting.,3,）,表像系動(dòng)詞,用來表示“看起來像”這一概念，主要有,seem, appear, look,,,例如：,He,seems,(to be) very sad.,注意：系動(dòng)詞（Linking verb)用于連接主語和表語，,注意：系動(dòng)詞（,Linking verb),用于連接主語和表語，說明主語的狀態(tài)，性質(zhì)特征和身份等。,,4,）,感官系動(dòng)詞,主要有,feel, smell, sound, taste,,,例如：,This kind of cloth,feels,very soft.,5,）,變化系動(dòng)詞,表示主語變成什么樣，主要有,become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run,.,例如：,He,became,mad after that.,6,）,終止系動(dòng)詞,表示主語已終止動(dòng)作，主要有,prove, turn out,,,表達(dá),",證實(shí),",，,",變成,",之意，例如：,The rumor,proved,false.,His plan,turned out,a success.,注意：系動(dòng)詞（Linking verb)用于連接主語和表語，,（五）賓語,賓語（,Object,）表示動(dòng)作的對(duì)象或承受者，一般位于及物動(dòng)詞和介詞后面。例如：,1.They went to see an exhibition yesterday.,,2.The heavy rain prevented me from coming to school on time.,3.How many dictionaries do you have? I have five.,（名詞）,（代詞、動(dòng)名詞）,（名詞、數(shù)詞）,（五）賓語 賓語（Object）表示動(dòng)作的對(duì)象或承受者，一般,4.They helped the old with their housework yesterday.,5.He pretended not to see me.,,6.I enjoy listening to popular music.,,7.I think,（,that,）,he is fit for his office.,,（名詞化形容詞，名詞）,（不定式短語,）,,（動(dòng)名詞短語）,,（賓語從句）,4.They helped the old with the,,she covered,her face,with her hands.,她用雙手蒙住臉,。（名詞短語作賓語）,,We haven't seen,her,for a long time.,我們好長時(shí)間沒看到她了,。（代詞作賓語）,,Do you mind,opening the window,?,打開窗戶你介意嗎,？（動(dòng)名詞短語作賓語）,,Give me,four,please.,請(qǐng)給我四個(gè),（數(shù)詞作賓語）,,He wants,to dream a nice dream,.,他想做一個(gè)好夢(mèng),。（動(dòng)詞不定式短語作賓語）,,We need to know,what others are doing,.,我們需要了解其他人都在干什么,。（從句作賓語）,,I lived in,Japan,in,1986,.,我,1986,年住在日本,。（名詞和數(shù)詞作介詞的賓語）,she covered her face with her,賓語種類,：,（,1,）雙賓語（間接賓語,+,直接賓語），例如：,Lend,me your dictionary,, please.,To: write, tell, pass, give, send, promise, show, hand, read, tell, bring, throw,等，例如：,,He sent the novel,,to,,William yesterday.,For: leave, buy, build, choose, cook, draw, find, get, order, post, save,等，例如：,,She bought a gift,,for,,her mother.,（,2,）復(fù)合賓語（賓語,+,賓補(bǔ)），例如：,They elected,him their monitor,.,賓語種類：,下列動(dòng)詞只能接不定式做賓語,,ask, agree, care, choose, demand, dare, decide, expect, fail, help, hope, learn, manage, offer, plan, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, want, wish, desire,等，如：,He refused,to lend me his bike.,下列動(dòng)詞只能接動(dòng)名詞做賓語,,admit, avoid, advise, consider, enjoy, excuse, escape, finish, imagine, mind, practise, suggest,等，,如：,,John has admitted,breaking the window,.,下列動(dòng)詞既可接不定式，也可接動(dòng)名詞做賓語，但意義不同，如,stop, mean, try, remember, forget, regret,等。,,下列動(dòng)詞只能接不定式做賓語,（六）賓語補(bǔ)足語,,英語中有些及物動(dòng)詞，除有一個(gè)直接賓語以外，還要有一個(gè)賓語補(bǔ)足語（,Object Complement,），才能使句子的意義完整。帶有賓語補(bǔ)足語的一般句型為：某些及物動(dòng)詞（如,make,等,)+,賓語,+,賓補(bǔ)）。賓補(bǔ)可由名詞、形容詞、副詞、不定式、分詞、介詞短語和從句充當(dāng)。例如：,（六）賓語補(bǔ)足語 英語中有些及物動(dòng)詞，除有一個(gè)直接賓語以外，,1.His father named him Dongming.,2.They painted their boat white.,3.Let the fresh air in.,4.You mustn’t force him to lend his money to you.,5.We saw her entering the room.,6.We found everything in the lab in good order.,7.We will soon make our city what your city is now.,（名詞）,（形容詞）,（副詞）,（不定式短語）,（現(xiàn)在分詞）,（介詞短語）,（從句）,1.His father named him Dongmin,（七）定語,,修飾名詞或代詞的詞、短語或從句稱為定語,(Attribute),。定語可由以下等成分表示：,1.Guilin is a,beautiful,city.,（形容詞）,2.China is a,developing,country; America is a,developed,country.,（分詞）,,3.There are thirty,women,teachers in our school.,,（名詞）,4.His,rapid progress in English made us surprised.,（代詞）,（七）定語 修飾名詞或代詞的詞、短語或從句稱為定語(Attr,5.Our monitor is always the first,to enter the classroom,.,（不定式短語）,6.The,teaching,plan for next term has been worked out.,（動(dòng)名詞）,7.He is reading an article,about how to learn English,.,（介詞短語）,8.Farmers,who saw us,stared at us as if we are walking skeletons.,(,定語從句,),5.Our monitor is always the fi,,They are,women,workers.,她們是女工,。（名詞作定語）,Tom's,father didn't write home until yesterday.,湯姆的父親直到昨天才給家里寫信,。（所有格名詞作定語）,,Equal,pay for,equal,work should be introduced.,應(yīng)當(dāng)實(shí)行同工同酬,。（形容詞作定語）,The play has,three,acts.,這出戲有三幕,。（數(shù)詞作定語）,This is,her,,first,trip,to Europe,.,這是她首次歐洲之行,。（代詞、數(shù)詞和介詞短語作定語）,China is a,developing,country.,中國是一個(gè)發(fā)展中國家,。（現(xiàn)在分詞作定語）,You haven't kept your promise,to write us often,.,你沒有遵守給我們經(jīng)常寫信的諾言,。（動(dòng)詞不定式短語作定語）,,My cat has a good nose,for milk,.,我的貓對(duì)牛奶嗅覺靈敏,。（介詞短語作定語）,Those,who want to go to Tibet,are to sign their names here.,想去西藏的人須在此簽名,。（從句作定語）,,They are women workers. 她們是女工。,（八）狀語,,修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或整個(gè)句子，說明動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)特征的句子成分，叫做狀語（,Adverbial,）?？捎梢韵滦问奖硎?：,1.Light travels most quickly.,2.He has lived in the city for ten years.,3.He is proud to have passed the national college entrance examination.,,（副詞及副詞性詞組）,（介詞短語）,,（不定式短語）,（八）狀語 修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或整個(gè)句子，說明動(dòng)作或狀態(tài),4.He is in the room making a model plane.,,5.Wait a minute.,,6.Once you begin, you must continue.,,（分詞短語）,（名詞）,（狀語從句）,4.He is in the room making a m,,These products are selling,quickly,.,這些產(chǎn)品現(xiàn)在十分暢銷,。（副詞作狀語）,,He is,knee,deep in snow.,他踩在齊膝深的雪里,。（名詞作狀語）,The best fish swim,near the bottom,.,好魚居水底。（有價(jià)值的東西不能輕易得到,。）（介詞短語作地點(diǎn)狀語）,She sat there,doing nothing,.,她坐在那里無所事事,。（現(xiàn)在分詞短語作伴隨狀語）,We'll send a car over,to fetch you,.,我們將派一輛車去接你,。（動(dòng)詞不定式短語作目的狀語）,She was slow,to make up her mind,.,她遲遲不能下決心,。（動(dòng)詞不定式短語作狀語）,Strike,while the iron is hot,.,趁熱打鐵,。（從句作時(shí)間狀語）,These products are selling qui,9,種狀語種類如下：,1. How about meeting again,at six,?,2.Last night she didn’t go to the dance party,because of the rain,.,3.I shall go there,if it doesn’t rain,.,4.Mr Smith lives,on the third floor,.,5.She put the eggs into the basket,with great care,.,（時(shí)間狀語）,（原因狀語）,（條件狀語）,,（地點(diǎn)狀語）,,（方式狀語）,9種狀語種類如下： 1. How about meeting,She came in,with a dictionary in her hand,.,6.In order to catch up with the others,, I must work harder.,7.He was so tired,that he fell asleep immediately,.,8.She works very hard,though she is old,.,,9.I am taller,than he is,.,（伴隨狀語）,（目的狀語）,,（結(jié)果狀語）,,（讓步狀語）,（比較狀語）,She came in with a dictionary,,位置：修飾,v.,時(shí)，通常放在所修飾的,v.,之后或句末。,The girls are singing happily.,There is a new bridge over the river.,He runs fast.,為了強(qiáng)調(diào)可放句首。,Over the river there is a new bridge.,When I came, they were doing their homework.,In front of the building, there is a big tree.,位置：修飾 v. 時(shí)，通常放在所修飾的 v. 之后或句末。,,Sometimes,（有時(shí)）,, often,（經(jīng)常）,, always,（一直，總是）,, usually,（通常）,, ever,（曾經(jīng)）,, already,（已經(jīng)）,, also,（也）,, even,（甚至）,, almost,（幾乎）,, never,（從不，決不），,hardly,（幾乎不）,, seldom,（不常）,...,一般放在助動(dòng)詞,(am, is, are, was, were; do, does, did; have, has; shall, will; should, would,及他們的否定式、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞之后，其他動(dòng)詞之前。,Sometimes（有時(shí)）, often（經(jīng)常）, alwa,,He is often late for class.,He has never been there.,He doesn’t always finish his homework.,We must often clear up our rooms.,He often comes late to class.,He also knows the answer.,He even wants to do it himself.,They will never forget you.,He is often late for class.,修飾adj., adv.時(shí)，一般放在,被修飾詞之前。,The pen is very good.,He can do it very well.,注意：地點(diǎn)狀語一般放在,時(shí)間狀語之前。,I will go there tomorrow.,修飾adj., adv.時(shí)，一般放在,,（九）同位語,（,Appositive,）對(duì)前面的名詞或代詞做進(jìn)一步的解釋，通常由名詞、數(shù)詞、代詞或從句擔(dān)任，如：,This is Mr. Zhou,,our headmaster.,（十）插入語,（,Parenthesis,）對(duì)一句話做一些附加的解釋，通常有,to be honest , I think (suppose, believe---),等，如：,To be frank,,I don’t quite agree with you,.,,（九）同位語（Appositive）對(duì)前面的名詞或代詞,練習(xí),（一）,.,指出下列句子劃線部分是什么句子成分：,1.,The students,got on the,school,bus.,2. He handed,me,the newspaper.,3. I,shall answer,your question,after class.,4. What a,beautiful,Chinese painting!,5. They went hunting together,early in the morning,.,S.,Attribute,O.,Predicate,Adverbial,Attribute,Adverbial,練習(xí)（一）.指出下列句子劃線部分是什么句子成分：S.Attr,6.,His,job is,to train swimmers,.,7. He took,many photos of the palaces,,in Beijing,.,8.,There is going to be,,an American film,tonight.,9. He,is to leave for Shanghai,tomorrow.,10.,His wish,is,to become a scientist,.,11. He,managed,,to finish the work in time,.,12. Tom came,to ask me for advice,.,13. He found,it,important,to master English,.,Attribute,Predicative,O.,Predicate,S.,Predicate,S.,Predicative,Predicate,O.,Adverbial,AO.,RO.,6. His job is to train swimmer,14. Do you have,anything,else,to say,?,15.,To be honest,，,your pronunciation is not,so,good.,16. Would you please tell,me your address,?,17. He sat,there,,,,reading a newspaper.,18.,It,is,our duty,to keep our classroom,clean and tidy,.,19. He noticed a man,enter the room.,20. The apples tasted,sweet.,O.,Attribute,Parenthesis,O.,Adverbial,Adverbial,AS.,Predicative,O.C,.,O.C,.,Predicative,14. Do you have anything else,指出下列諸句中畫線部分是什么成分：,On the left of my house is,an old church,.,Why could,the boiling point of water,be,lower at the top of a mountain?,3. I,am not going to work,today.,4. This thing is for,peeling potatoes,.,5.,What time,will you arrive?,6.The Genie promised that if anyone should,come and set him free, he would make him,,very rich,.,7.,What nationality,are you?,S.,S.,V.,Prep.O.,Adv.,O.C,.,Predicative,指出下列諸句中畫線部分是什么成分：S.S.V.Prep.O.,8. I couldn’t understand,why he had,decided to retire at 50,.,9. I am terribly confused,by all this information,.,,10. We,had already reached,9000 feet by then.,11. She reminded me,to switch off all the lights,.,,12. I’ll be able to pass,my driving test,after I have had a few lessons.,13. I love swimming. It keeps me,fit,.,14. It is obvious,that money doesn’t grow on trees,.,Adverbial,V.,O.C.,O.,O.C.,S.,O.,8. I couldn’t understand why h,(,二,),。劃分,句子成分,1.we are working .,2.I can swim very well .,3.The waiter brought a bottle of beer to me .,4.Why does the wind blow .,5.The rain has been pulling down for a whole day .,6.Both Tom and Jack enjoy country music .,7.Jim asked you to give his best wishes to everyone .,8.You must get the car ready by tomorrow .,(二)。劃分句子成分,9.I have a lot of clothes to wash .,I have a lot of clothes to be washed .,10.He gave his son some advice on reading .,11.Read me the first paragraph .,12.I’ve ordered some soup for you .,13.He began leaning English ten years ago .,14.My being late worried my teacher .,15.That president himself would visit our school excited all of us .,16.April’ Day is the special day of the year when you play a joke on someone .,9.I have a lot of clothes to w,17.He usually takes a nap after lunch ,as is his habit .,18.I found the book in the corner of the room.,19.he finished lunch and went into the garden .,20.The telephone rang .,21.We study hard .,22.His father might have died .,23.Will you leave the door open when going out .,24.Can you make the dog stand still ?,17.He usually takes a nap afte,25.The landlord had them working day and night .,26.I think a sound knowledge of grammar is important to good writing .,27.We all breathe ,eat, drink .,28.I woke up at 6:00 in the morning .,29.The book weighs five kilos .,30.They will be flying to London .,31.The shop assistant found some certain materials for me .,32.He promised me a new English-Chinese dictionary.,25.The landlord had them worki,33.Please pass a newly- published to me .,34.He lived in Guang Zhou .,35.The father is showing the boy how to plant trees .,36.His uncle left him some money .,37.She is teaching the piano to several of the village children and she has taught us English for 3 years .,38.I like popular music .,39.She knows what to do next .,40.It excited all of us that the president would visit our school .,33.Please pass a newly- publis,Bye-bye !,Bye-bye !,