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1、 CHMS-020 汽汽車車術(shù)術(shù)語語I 整整車車名名稱稱/術(shù)語Name/Terms1 車輛類類型型Vehicle type1.1 基本術(shù)語Basic terms 道路車輛Road vehicle 商用車輛Commercial vehicle 機動車輛 Motor vehicle 前驅(qū)動車輛Front drive vehicle 后驅(qū)動車輛Rear drive vehicle 全驅(qū)動車輛All wheel drive vehicle 發(fā)動機前置車輛Vehicle with front engine 發(fā)動機后置車輛Vehicle with rear engine 發(fā)動機中置車輛Vehicle wi

2、th central engine 發(fā)動機下置車輛Vehicle with underfloor engine 內(nèi)燃機汽車Internal combustion engine vehicle 電動汽車Electric vehicle 天然氣汽車Natural gas vehicle（NGV）太陽能汽車Solar power vehicle 混合動力車Hybrid vehicle 汽車列車Automobile train 多用途乘用車Multipurpose passenger vehicle（MPV）運動型多功能車Sport utility vehicle（SUV）休閑旅游車Recreatio

3、nal vehicle（RV）1.2 載貨汽車Truck 微型貨車Mini-truck 輕型貨車Light truck 中型貨車Medium truck 重型貨車Heavy truck 小型貨車Pick-up1.3 越野汽車Off-road vehicle 輕型越野汽車Light off-road vehicle 中型越野汽車Medium off-road vehicle 重型越野汽車Heavy off-road vehicle 超重型越野汽車Extra heavy off-road vehicle1.4 自卸汽車Dump truck1.5 牽引汽車Towing vehicle 全掛牽引汽車F

4、ull-trailer towing vehicle1 CHMS-020 汽汽車車術(shù)術(shù)語語I 整整車車 半掛牽引汽車Semi-trailer towing vehicle1.6 專用汽車Special purpose vehicle1.6.1 廂式汽車Van 救護車Ambulance 保溫車Insulated Van 冷藏車Refrigerated Van 電視轉(zhuǎn)播車TV relaying vehicle 郵件運輸車Mail carrier 囚車Prison van 運鈔車Bill van1.6.2 罐式汽車Tanker 運油車Fuel tanker 酸罐車Acid tanker 混凝土攪拌車

5、Concrete mixer 灑水車Street sprinkler 消防車Fire fighting vehicle1.6.3 專用自卸汽車Special tipper1.6.4 起重舉升汽車Carne/Lift truck1.6.5 倉柵式汽車Storage truck1.6.6 特種結(jié)構(gòu)汽車Special construction vehicle 車輛運輸車Car transporter 集裝箱運輸車Container platform vehicle1.7 客車Bus 微型客車Minibus 輕型客車Light bus 中型客車Medium bus 中型城市客車Medium city

6、bus 中型長途客車Medium intercity bus 中型旅游客車Medium sightseeing bus 中型團體客車Medium private bus 大型客車Large bus 特大型客車Extra bus 長途客車Long distance coach 鉸接客車Articulated bus 雙層客車Double-deck bus名名稱稱/術(shù)語Name/Terms2 CHMS-020 汽汽車車術(shù)術(shù)語語I 整整車車 游覽客車Sightseeing bus1.8 轎車Passenger car 微型轎車Minicar 普通級轎車Subcompact car 中級轎車Compa

7、ct car 中高級轎車Intermediate car 高級轎車Limousine 旅行轎車Station wagon 活頂轎車Convertible saloon 兩廂式轎車Two compartments car 三廂式轎車Three compartments car 跑車Roadster 賽車Racer1.9 掛車Trailer 全掛車Full trailer 半掛車Semi-trailer2 汽汽車尺尺寸寸參參數(shù)數(shù)Automobile dimension 車長Vehicle length 車寬Vehicle width 車高Vehicle height 軸距Wheelbase 輪距T

8、rack(Tread)前懸Front overhang 后懸Rear overhang 前懸角Incidence angle 后懸角Descent angle 接近角Approach angle 離去角Departure angle 轉(zhuǎn)彎直徑Turning diameter 最小離地間隙Minimum ground clearance 縱向通過角Ramp angle 車身長度Vehicle Body length 車廂內(nèi)部最大尺寸Maximum internal dimensions of body 轉(zhuǎn)彎通道圓Turning clearance circles名名稱稱/術(shù)語Name/Terms

9、3 CHMS-020 汽汽車車術(shù)術(shù)語語I 整整車車 前座椅背到轉(zhuǎn)向盤距離Front seat length 前座椅墊到轉(zhuǎn)向盤距離Front seat height 前座后背到后坐距離Space between front seat back to rear seat 后座椅到車頂高度Rear seat height 前座乘客前移空間Forward space 乘客頭頂至車頂距離Head room 后座乘客膝部與前座距離Knee room 后束Toe-out 最小轉(zhuǎn)彎半徑Minimum turning radius 車架高度Chassis frame height 車架自由長度Chassis f

10、rame free length 車架有效長度Chassis frame useful length3 汽汽車質(zhì)量量參參數(shù)數(shù)Automobile mass 凈底盤干質(zhì)量Bare chassis dry mass 凈底盤整備質(zhì)量Bare chassis curb mass 整車干質(zhì)量Complete vehicle dry mass 整車整備質(zhì)量Complete vehicle curb mass 最大總質(zhì)量Maximum total mass(Gross vehicle weight rated)整車裝運質(zhì)量Complete vehicle shipping mass 廠定最大總質(zhì)量Maxim

11、um manufacturers total mass 允許最大總質(zhì)量Maximum authorized total mass 最大裝載質(zhì)量Maximum laden mass 廠定最大裝載質(zhì)量Maximum manufacturers laden mass 最大允許裝載質(zhì)量Maximum authorized laden mass 最大軸載質(zhì)量Maximum axle laden mass 廠定最大軸載質(zhì)量Maximum manufacturers axle laden mass4 汽汽車性性能能Characteristic of automobile4.1 動力性Dynamic char

12、acteristic 動力性指標Criteria for evaluation of dynamic characteristic 最高車速Maximum speed 加速時間Time of acceleration 最大爬坡度Maximum grade ability 驅(qū)動力Driving force名名稱稱/術(shù)語Name/Terms4 CHMS-020 汽汽車車術(shù)術(shù)語語I 整整車車 行駛阻力Resistance to motion 坡度阻力Grade resistance 空氣阻力Aerodynamic drag force 空氣阻力系數(shù)Aerodynamic drag coefficie

13、nt 加速阻力Accelerating resistance 滾動阻力Rolling resistance 滾動阻力系數(shù)Rolling resistance coefficient 滾動阻力矩Rolling resistance moment 法向力Normal force 切向力Tangential force 側(cè)向力Lateral force 輪胎變形系數(shù)Coefficient of tire deformation 道路阻力系數(shù)Coefficient of road resistance 附著力Adhesive force 附著系數(shù)Coefficient of adhesion 牽引力T

14、ractive force 牽引平衡Tractional balance 動力因數(shù)Dynamic factor 比功率Power/Mass ratio 比轉(zhuǎn)矩Torque/Maximum total mass ratio 功率平衡Power balance 后備功率Reserve power4.2 燃油經(jīng)濟性Fuel economy 燃油經(jīng)濟性的評價指標Criteria for evaluation of fuel economy 等速油耗 Constant-speed fuel economy 道路循環(huán)油耗Fuel economy of road test cycles 經(jīng)濟車速Econom

15、y speed4.3 制動性Braking performance 制動距離Stopping distance 制動減速度Braking deceleration 制動效率Braking efficiency 地面制動力Tire-ground braking force 制動時的方向穩(wěn)定性Directional stability during braking 同步附著系數(shù)Synchronizing adhesion coefficient 輪胎-道路附著系數(shù)Tire-road adhesion coefficient名名稱稱/術(shù)語Name/Terms5 CHMS-020 汽汽車車術(shù)術(shù)語語I

16、整整車車4.4 通過性Trafficability 爬坡能力Grade ability 涉水能力Fading ability 間隙失效Hang-up failure 寄生功率Parasitic power4.5 操縱穩(wěn)定性Handleability and stability4.5.1 轉(zhuǎn)向系Steering system 轉(zhuǎn)向角Steering angle 名義轉(zhuǎn)向角Nominal steering angle 轉(zhuǎn)向盤轉(zhuǎn)角Steering wheel angle 轉(zhuǎn)向系角傳動比Steering system angle ratio 轉(zhuǎn)向盤自由行程Free play of steering w

17、heel 阿克曼轉(zhuǎn)向角（）Ackerman steering angle（）轉(zhuǎn)向幾何學Steering geometry 操舵力（轉(zhuǎn)向力）Steering force 轉(zhuǎn)向系摩擦力Friction force of steering system 轉(zhuǎn)向系阻尼Damping of steering system 保舵力Steering force for keeping a given control 操舵力矩（轉(zhuǎn)向力矩）Steering moment 保舵力矩Steering moment for keeping a given control 正效率Forward efficiency 轉(zhuǎn)向

18、系剛度Steering system stiffness 轉(zhuǎn)向系慣性力矩Moment of inertia of steering system4.5.2 懸架系Suspension system4.5.2.1 懸架幾何學Suspension system geometry 車輪中心平面Central plane of the wheel 車輪中心 Wheel center 車輪定位Wheel alignment 前束Toe-in 前束角Toe-in angle 主銷后傾角Kingpin caster angle 主銷后傾距Caster 車輪外傾角Camber angle 主銷內(nèi)傾Kingpi

19、n inclination 主銷偏置距Kingpin offset名名稱稱/術(shù)語Name/Terms6 CHMS-020 汽汽車車術(shù)術(shù)語語I 整整車車 橫向滑移量Lateral slip 4.5.2.2 懸架系力學Suspension system mechanics 懸架垂直剛度Suspension vertical stiffness 懸架縱向剛度Suspension longitudinal stiffness 懸架橫向剛度Suspension transverse stiffness 懸架有效剛度Ride rate 懸架側(cè)傾Suspension roll 懸架側(cè)傾角Suspension

20、 roll angle 懸架側(cè)傾剛度Suspension roll stiffness 側(cè)傾中心Roll center 側(cè)傾軸Roll axis 懸架柔性Compliance in suspension 阻尼特性Damping force characteristic 翻傾力矩Overturning moment 翻傾力矩分配Overturning moment distribution4.5.3 輪胎和車輪Tire and wheel4.5.3.1 輪胎坐標系和變量Tire axis system and variables 輪胎接地中心Center of tire contact 輪胎坐標

21、系Tire axis system 輪胎側(cè)傾角（偏離角）Slip angle of tire 滑移率Slip rate 自由半徑Free radius 靜負荷半徑Static loaded radius 動負荷半徑Dynamic loaded radius 滾動周長Rolling circumference 滾動半徑Rolling radius 自由滾動車輪Braking stiffness4.5.3.2 輪胎上的力Tire force 輪胎垂直力Vertical force of tire 輪胎橫向力Lateral force of tire 輪胎縱向力Longitudinal force

22、of tire 輪胎側(cè)向力Side force of tire 驅(qū)動力Driving force 制動力Braking force 滾動阻力Rolling resistance名名稱稱/術(shù)語Name/Terms7 CHMS-020 汽汽車車術(shù)術(shù)語語I 整整車車 外傾推力Camber thrust 轉(zhuǎn)彎力Cornering force 側(cè)偏阻力Cornering drag 拖曳阻力Resistance force of drag 牽引力Tractive force 牽引阻力Drag force 徑向剛度Radial stiffness 橫向剛度Lateral stiffness 4.5.3.3

23、輪胎力矩Tire moments 輪胎翻轉(zhuǎn)力矩Overturning moment of tire 滾動阻力矩Rolling resistance moment 回正力矩Aligning torque 車輪扭矩Wheel torque 驅(qū)動力矩Driving torque 制動力矩Braking torque4.5.3.4 力和力矩系數(shù)Coefficients of force and moment 橫向力系數(shù)Lateral force coefficient 驅(qū)動力系數(shù)Driving force coefficient 制動力系數(shù)Braking force coefficient 滾動阻力系

24、數(shù)Rolling force coefficient 回正力矩系數(shù)Aligning torque coefficient 側(cè)偏剛度Cornering stiffness 外傾剛度Camber stiffness 制動（驅(qū)動）剛度Braking（Driving）stiffness 回正（力矩）剛度Aligning stiffness（Aligning torque stiffness）側(cè)偏剛度系數(shù)Cornering stiffness coefficient 外傾剛度系數(shù)Camber stiffness coefficient 制動（驅(qū)動）剛度系數(shù)Braking（Driving）stiffnes

25、s coefficient 回正剛度系數(shù)Aligning stiffness coefficient 4.5.3.5 輪胎附著系數(shù)Tire adhesion coefficient 橫向附著系數(shù)Lateral adhesion 驅(qū)動附著系數(shù)driving adhesion coefficient 制動附著系數(shù)Braking adhesion coefficient 制動滑移附著系數(shù)Slipping braking adhesion coefficient4.5.4 坐標系和運動學Axis system and kinematics名名稱稱/術(shù)語Name/Terms8 CHMS-020 汽汽車車

26、術(shù)術(shù)語語I 整整車車4.5.4.1 坐標系Coordination system（axis system）地面固定坐標系Earth-fixed axis system 運動坐標系Moving axis system 汽車坐標系Vehicle axis system 簧上慣性主軸坐標系Inertia principal axis system 車輪固定坐標系Wheel-fixed axis system 車輛縱向?qū)ΨQ平面Longitudinal plane of symmetry of vehicle 側(cè)傾Roll 縱傾Pitch 橫擺Yaw 縱傾軸Pitch axis4.5.4.2 質(zhì)量和質(zhì)心

27、Mass and center of mass 汽車質(zhì)量Mass of vehicle 簧上質(zhì)量Sprung mass 簧下質(zhì)量Unsprung mass 質(zhì)量分配比Mass distribution ratio 質(zhì)心高度Height of center of mass 重心高度Height of gravity center4.5.4.3 汽車慣性矩Moment of inertia of vehicle 側(cè)傾力臂Rolling moment arm 簧上質(zhì)量側(cè)傾慣性矩Rolling moment of inertia of sprung mass 簧上質(zhì)量縱傾慣性矩Pitching mom

28、ent of inertia of sprung mass 簧上質(zhì)量橫擺慣性矩Yawing moment of inertia of sprung mass 簧上質(zhì)量對x軸和z軸的慣性矩Product of inertia of sprung mass about x and z-axis 汽車質(zhì)量橫擺慣性矩Yawing moment of inertia of vehicle4.5.4.4 運動變量Kinematic variables 質(zhì)心速度矢量Velocity vector of center of mass 質(zhì)心加速度矢量Acceleration vector of center o

29、f mass 車速Vehicle speed 縱向速度Longitudinal velocity 側(cè)向速度Side velocity 垂直速度Vertical velocity 前進速度Forward velocity 橫向速度Lateral velocity名名稱稱/術(shù)語Name/Terms9 CHMS-020 汽汽車車術(shù)術(shù)語語I 整整車車 側(cè)傾角速度Roll velocity 縱傾角速度Pitch velocity 橫擺角速度Yaw velocity 縱向加速度Longitudinal acceleration 垂直加速度Vertical acceleration 前進加速度Forward

30、 acceleration 橫向加速度Lateral acceleration 指示橫向加速度Indicated lateral acceleration 向心加速度Centripetal acceleration 離心加速度Centrifugal acceleration 切向加速度Tangential acceleration 角加速度Angular acceleration 減速度Deceleration 車身側(cè)傾角Vehicle roll angle 車身縱傾角Vehicle pitch angle 汽車方位角Heading angle 汽車側(cè)偏角Sideslip angle of v

31、ehicle 行進方向角Course angle4.5.4.5 力矩Moment 側(cè)傾力矩Rolling moment 縱傾力矩Pitching moment 橫擺力矩Yawing moment4.5.5 運動特性Kinematics characteristic4.5.5.1 控制方式Control modes 位置控制Position control 固定控制Fixed control 力控制Force control 自由控制Free control 人為控制Manual control“開環(huán)”控制Open loop control“閉環(huán)”控制Close loop control4.5.

32、5.2 響應Response 轉(zhuǎn)向響應Steering response 擾動響應Disturbance response 穩(wěn)態(tài)響應 Steady state response名名稱稱/術(shù)語Name/Terms10 CHMS-020 汽汽車車術(shù)術(shù)語語I 整整車車 瞬態(tài)響應Transient state response 橫擺響應Yaw response 側(cè)傾響應Roll response 轉(zhuǎn)向敏感性（轉(zhuǎn)向增益）Steering sensitivity（Steering gain）路面不平敏感性Pavement irregularity sensitivity 側(cè)風敏感性Crosswind se

33、nsitivity 頻率響應Frequency response 頻率特性Frequency characteristic4.5.5.3 轉(zhuǎn)向特性Steering characteristic 中性轉(zhuǎn)向Neutral steer 不足轉(zhuǎn)向Understeer 過度轉(zhuǎn)向Oversteer 橫向力中性點Neutral point of lateral force 橫向力中性線Neutral line of lateral force 靜態(tài)裕度Static margin 穩(wěn)定性因數(shù)Stability factor 側(cè)傾轉(zhuǎn)向Roll steer 側(cè)傾不足轉(zhuǎn)向Roll understeer 側(cè)傾過度轉(zhuǎn)向

34、Roll oversteer 側(cè)傾轉(zhuǎn)向系數(shù)Roll steer coefficient 柔性轉(zhuǎn)向Compliance steer 柔性不足轉(zhuǎn)向Compliance understeer 柔性過度轉(zhuǎn)向Compliance oversteer 柔性轉(zhuǎn)向系數(shù)Compliance steer coefficient4.5.5.4 一般評價General Evaluation 直線行駛穩(wěn)定性Straight motion stability 回正性Returnability 發(fā)散不穩(wěn)定性Divergent instability 振蕩不穩(wěn)定性O(shè)scillatory instability 漸進不穩(wěn)定性A

35、symptotic instability 中性穩(wěn)定性Neutral stability 駕駛員目視距離Driver viewing distance4.5.6 界限特性和異常運動Characteristic of limit maneuver and abnormal motion4.5.6.1 界限特性 Characteristic of limit maneuver名名稱稱/術(shù)語Name/Terms11 CHMS-020 汽汽車車術(shù)術(shù)語語I 整整車車 最大向心加速度Maximum centripetal acceleration 最大橫向加速度Maximum lateral accele

36、ration 最大指示橫向加速度Maximum indicated lateral acceleration 特征車速Characteristic speed 臨界車速Critical speed 傾斜極限角Overturning limit angle4.5.6.2 異常運動Abnormal motion 側(cè)滑Side slip 卷入Tuck in 車輪抬起Wheel lift 舉起Jack up 折疊Jack-knifing 滑水效應Hydroplaning 駐波Standing wave 跳動Hop 踏步Tramp 擺振Shimmy 轉(zhuǎn)向盤反沖Kick-back4.6 行駛平順性Ride

37、 comfort4.6.1 基本術(shù)語Basic term 平順性Ride comfort 舒適性Comfort4.6.2 人體振動類型Vibration type of human body 全身振動Whole body vibration 人體縱向振動Longitudinal vibration applied to human body 人體橫向振動Transverse vibration applied to human body 人體左右振動Side-to-side vibration applied to human body 人體前后振動Back-to-chest vibratio

38、n applied to human body 人體局部振動Vibration applied to particular parts of human body4.6.3 汽車振動類型Vibration type of automobile 垂直振動Vertical vibration 縱向振動Longitudinal vibration 橫向振動Transverse vibration 俯仰振動Pitch vibration 側(cè)傾振動Roll vibration名名稱稱/術(shù)語Name/Terms12 CHMS-020 汽汽車車術(shù)術(shù)語語I 整整車車 橫擺振動Yaw vibration4.6.

39、4 特殊振動Special vibration 暈車Motion sickness 搖振Shake5 整整車試驗Test of automobile 5.1 整車基本參數(shù)測量Complete vehicle dimension measurement 主要尺寸測量 Basic dimensions measurement 最小轉(zhuǎn)彎直徑測量Minimum turning diameter measurement 重心高度測定Height of gravity center measurement 質(zhì)量參數(shù)測定Weight parameter measurement5.2 動力性試驗Dynamic

40、 characteristic test 加速性能驗Acceleration performance test 最高車速試驗Maximum speed test 最低穩(wěn)定車速試驗Minimum stable speed test 滑行試驗Coasting test 爬陡坡試驗Steep hill climbing test 爬長坡試驗Grade ability test 牽引性能試驗Towing performance test 起動性能試驗Starting performance test5.3 經(jīng)濟性試驗Fuel economy test 燃料消耗量試驗Fuel consumption t

41、est5.4 視野性能試驗Visibility performance test 駕駛員前方視野試驗Forward visibility for driver test 風窗玻璃除霜系統(tǒng)試驗Windshield demister test 風窗玻璃除霧系統(tǒng)試驗Windshield defroster test 風窗玻璃刮水器試驗Windshield wiper test 風窗玻璃洗滌器試驗Windshield washer test5.5 操縱穩(wěn)定性、行駛平順性試驗Handleability and stability,ride comfort test 頻率響應試驗Frequency res

42、ponse test 瞬態(tài)響應試驗Transient response test 階躍響應試驗Step response test 脈沖響應試驗Pulse response test 轉(zhuǎn)向回正性試驗Steering returnability test 轉(zhuǎn)向輕便性試驗Steering efforts test名名稱稱/術(shù)語Name/Terms13 CHMS-020 汽汽車車術(shù)術(shù)語語I 整整車車 穩(wěn)態(tài)回轉(zhuǎn)試驗Steady state cornering test 功率突然變化影響試驗Test of effect of sudden power change 收油門后控制試驗Test of con

43、trol at breakaway 橫風穩(wěn)定性試驗 Test of crosswind stability 撒手穩(wěn)定性試驗Test of stability steer-off motion on a straight-ahead driving 反沖試驗Kick-back test 輪胎爆破響應試驗Test of burst response of tire 繞過障礙物試驗Obstacle avoidance test 移線試驗Lane change test 蛇行試驗Pylon course slalom test 8 字形試驗8 from driving test J 型轉(zhuǎn)彎試驗Test

44、 of J turn 懸架舉升試驗Jack-up test of suspension 耐翻傾試驗Test of overturning immunity 輪輞錯動試驗Rim slip test 路面不平敏感性試驗Test of pavement irregularity sensitivity 平順性隨機輸入行駛試驗Ride random input running test 平順性脈沖輸入行駛試驗Ride pulse input running test 風洞試驗Wind tunnel test5.6 舒適性、通過性試驗Comfort,trafficability test 采暖性能試驗H

45、eating performance test 隔熱通風試驗Ventilation and heat insulation test 供油系氣阻試驗Vapor lock for fuel system test 發(fā)動機冷卻系冷卻能力試驗Cooling capacity for engine cooling system test 防塵密封性試驗Dust proof performance test 防雨密封性試驗Rain proof performance test 地形通過性試驗Passing topography capacity test 涉水性能試驗Fording performanc

46、e test 砂地通過性試驗Sanding test5.7 可靠性、耐久性試驗Reliability and durability test 可靠性行駛試驗Reliability running test 耐久性行駛試驗Durability running test5.8 污染控制試驗Pollution control test 噪聲試驗Noise test名名稱稱/術(shù)語Name/Terms14 CHMS-020 汽汽車車術(shù)術(shù)語語I 整整車車 無線電干擾特性試驗Radio interference characteristic test 排氣污染物測量Exhaust pollutants me

47、asurement 燃油蒸發(fā)污染物測量Evaporative pollutants measurement 曲軸箱污染物測量Crankcase pollutants measurement 怠速污染物測量Pollutants at idle speed measurement 自由加速煙度測量Smoke at free acceleration measurement 全負荷煙度測量Smoke at full load measurement5.9 制動性能試驗Braking performance test 制動距離試驗Stopping distance test 制動效能試驗Braking

48、 effectiveness test 制動穩(wěn)定性試驗Test of braking stability 熱衰退與恢復試驗Fade test 涉水恢復試驗Water fade test 行車制動器結(jié)構(gòu)完整性試驗Service brake structural integrity test 制動系統(tǒng)扭矩平衡試驗Braking system torque balance test 防抱制動系統(tǒng)性能試驗Antilock braking system test 彎道制動試驗Test of braking on curve 應急制動試驗Emergency braking test 駐車制動試驗Parki

49、ng braking test6 安安全全性性Safety6.1 碰撞Collision（crash，impact）正碰撞Frontal collision 側(cè)碰撞Side collision 后碰撞Rear collision 碰撞角度Collision angle 受撞角度Impact angle 受撞位置Impact location 主要力Principal force 碰撞軸線排列Collision axis alignment 偏置Offset 重疊Overlap 對中Centered6.2 試驗Safety test 試驗場Proving ground名名稱稱/術(shù)語Name/Te

50、rms15 CHMS-020 汽汽車車術(shù)術(shù)語語I 整整車車 試驗場地Testing site 撞車模擬裝置Crash simulation test set-up 汽車模擬碰撞滑車試驗裝置Auto crash simulation test sled 壁障Barrier 膠合板Plywood 多普勒效應法Doppler effect method 運動波Wave in motion 視在頻率Apparent frequency 發(fā)射波頻率Emitted frequency 環(huán)境介質(zhì)Ambient medium 電磁波Electromagnetic wave 厘米波（超短波）Centimeter

51、 wave 微波Micrometer wave 激光Laser 五輪儀法Fifth wheel method 第五輪儀Fifth wheel 光電屏障Photoelectric barrier 發(fā)射器Transmitter 接收器Receiver 傳感器Sensor 振蕩器Oscillator 假人Dummy 混合型假人Hybrid dummy 滑車Sled 上部軀體Upper torso 骨盆Pelvis 臀部Hip 頭部重心加速度Head c.g.acceleration 頭部重心運動軌跡Head c.g.trajectory 頭部旋轉(zhuǎn)Head rotation 頭部扭曲Head flex

52、ion 頭部扭轉(zhuǎn)Head twist 頭部傷害指數(shù)Head injury criteria（HIC）頸部側(cè)彎試驗Lateral neck bending test6.3 視野Vision field（Visibility）名名稱稱/術(shù)語Name/Terms16 CHMS-020 汽汽車車術(shù)術(shù)語語I 整整車車 眼橢圓Eyellipse 駕駛員視野范圍Vision field of driver 視線Sight line 眼橢圓樣板Eyellipse template 眼橢圓中心Eyellipse center 眼橢圓定位線Eyellipse location line 坐標系Coordinati

53、on system(Axis system)視覺Vision 視平面Sight plane 視野Vision field 雙眼障礙Binocular obstruction A立柱A-pillar 座椅基準點Seating reference point 有效瞳孔距Effective interpupillary width 視野原點Original point of vision field 頸部轉(zhuǎn)動中心點（P 點）Neck pivot point（P point）儀表參考平面Reference plane of instrument panel 顯示表面Display surface 轉(zhuǎn)向

54、盤輪緣盲區(qū)Steering wheel rim obstruction 轉(zhuǎn)向盤轂及輻條盲區(qū)Steering hub and spoke obstruction 汽車視野障礙Vehicle visual obstruction 視點（V點）Vision point（V point）眼點（E點）Eye point（E point）眼睛投影點Projected eye point 上視角Upwards angle of visibility 下視角Downwards angle of visibility7 汽汽車維修修Vehicle maintenance and repair7.1 總概念Gen

55、eral 汽車維修Vehicle maintenance and repair 汽車維護Vehicle maintenance 汽車修理Vehicle repair 汽車維修性Maintainability of vehicle7.2 汽車技術(shù)狀況變化Change of technical condition of vehicle7.2.1 汽車技術(shù)狀況Technical condition of vehicle名名稱稱/術(shù)語Name/Terms17 CHMS-020 汽汽車車術(shù)術(shù)語語I 整整車車 汽車完好技術(shù)狀況Good condition of vehicle 汽車不良技術(shù)狀況Bad co

56、ndition of vehicle 汽車工作能力Working ability of vehicle 汽車技術(shù)狀況參數(shù)Parameters for technical condition of vehicle 汽車極限技術(shù)狀況Limiting condition of vehicle 汽車技術(shù)狀況變化規(guī)律Regularity for change of technical condition of 7.2.2 缺陷Defect 運行缺陷Operational defect 制造缺陷Manufacturing defect 設(shè)計缺陷Design defect 事故性缺陷Accidental d

57、efect 7.2.3 汽車耗損Vehicle wear-out 汽車零件磨損Wear of vehicle part 磨損過程Wear process 正常磨損Normal wear 極限磨損Limiting wear 允許磨損Permissible wear 磨損率Wear rate 機械磨損Mechanical wear 化學磨損Chemical wear 熱磨損Thermic wear 疲勞磨損Fatigue wear 腐蝕性磨損Corrosion wear 故障磨損Failure wear 故障 Malfunctioning 斷裂Breakdown 更換Replacing 擦傷Scr

58、atching 刮傷Scoring 點蝕Pitting 粘附Adhesion 咬粘Seizure 燒傷Burning 穴蝕Cavitation 老化Ageing名名稱稱/術(shù)語Name/Terms18 CHMS-020 汽汽車車術(shù)術(shù)語語I 整整車車 疲勞Fatigue 變形Deformation 缺陷Defect 損壞Damage 7.2.4 汽車故障和診斷Vehicle failure and diagnostic 完全故障Complete failure 局部故障Partial failure 致命故障Critical failure 嚴重故障Major failure 一般故障Minor

59、failure 癥狀（對診斷的）Symptom（For diagnostic）內(nèi)裝式診斷傳感器Build-in diagnostic sensor 插接式診斷傳感器Plug-in diagnostic sensor 夾鉗式診斷傳感器Clip-on diagnostic sensor 基準氣缸傳感器Reference cylinder sensor 非車載診斷設(shè)備Off-vehicle diagnostic equipment 車內(nèi)診斷設(shè)備On-vehicle diagnostic equipment 故障診斷代碼Diagnostic trouble code7.3 汽車維修工藝Technolo

60、gy of vehicle maintenance and repair7.3.1 汽車維護類別Class of vehicle maintenance 定期維護Periodic maintenance 季節(jié)性維護Seasonal maintenance 技術(shù)保養(yǎng)Technical service 清洗Washing 技術(shù)檢查Check-up 保養(yǎng)周期Service cycle 保養(yǎng)里程Mileage between services 每日保養(yǎng)Daily service 防護Preserving 冬季保養(yǎng)Winter check-up 夏季保養(yǎng)Summer check-up 走合維護Runni

61、ng-in maintenance7.3.2 汽車修理類別Class of vehicle repair 汽車大修Major repair of vehicle 汽車中修Medium repair of vehicle名名稱稱/術(shù)語Name/Terms19 CHMS-020 汽汽車車術(shù)術(shù)語語I 整整車車 汽車小修Current repair of vehicle 總成修理Unit repair 零件修理Parts repair 計劃修理Scheduled repair 定期修理Regulation repair 視情修理Repair on technical condition 非計劃修理Un

62、scheduled repair 修復Reconditioning 修理里程Mileage between repair 汽車報廢Motor vehicle liquidation 報廢Scrapping7.3.3 汽車修理工藝Technology of vehicle repair 技術(shù)檢驗Technical checking 檢視Inspection 走合（磨合）Running-in 冷磨合Cold running-in 熱磨合Hot running-in 修理尺寸Repair size 走（磨）合期Running-in period 走（磨）合過程Running-in process 走

63、（磨）合工況Running-in condition 加速磨損期Period of a accelerated wear名名稱稱/術(shù)語Name/Terms20 CHMS-020 汽汽車車術(shù)術(shù)語語I 整整車車名名稱稱/術(shù)語Name/Terms21 CHMS-020 汽汽車車術(shù)術(shù)語語 發(fā)發(fā)動動機機名名稱稱/術(shù)語Name/Terms1 發(fā)動機機類類型型Engine type 內(nèi)燃機Internal combustion engine 火花點火式發(fā)動機Spark ignition engine 壓燃式發(fā)動機Compression ignition engine 汽油機Gasoline engine 汽

64、油噴射式發(fā)動機Gasoline injection engine 化油器式發(fā)動機Carburetor engine 柴油機Diesel engine 直接噴射式柴油機Direct injection engine 間接噴射式柴油機Indirect injection engine 氫燃料發(fā)動機Hydrogen fuel engine 二沖程發(fā)動機Two-stroke engine 四沖程發(fā)動機Four-stroke engine 水冷式發(fā)動機Water-cooled engine 風冷式發(fā)動機Air-cooled engine 直列式發(fā)動機Radial engine 直列四缸發(fā)動機I4 Eng

65、ine 直列六缸發(fā)動機I6 Engine V形發(fā)動機Vee engine（V-type engine）V型四缸發(fā)動機V4 Engine V型六缸發(fā)動機V6 Engine 增壓式發(fā)動機Supercharged engine2 發(fā)動機機性性能能和和特特性性Engine performance&characteristics2.1 發(fā)動機性能Engine performance 動力性能Power performance 排放性能Emission performance 加速性能Acceleration performance 起動性能Starting performance 加載性能Loading

66、 performance 經(jīng)濟性能Economic performance 2.2 發(fā)動機特性Engine characteristics 調(diào)整特性Regulation characteristics 速度特性Fixed throttle characteristics 外特性Full load（full throttle）characteristic22 CHMS-020 汽汽車車術(shù)術(shù)語語 發(fā)發(fā)動動機機 部分特性Partial load characteristics 負荷特性Constant speed characteristics 空轉(zhuǎn)特性No load characteristics 萬有特性Cross sectional characteristics3 技技術(shù)參參數(shù)數(shù)與與工工作作過程程Technical parameter&working process 發(fā)動機排量Engine displacement 壓縮比Compression ratio 氣缸直徑Cylinder bore，Cylinder diameter 活塞行程Piston stroke 行程缸徑比Strok