題型專題探究 專題十六　聽力理解 1．聽力測(cè)試以考查基本技能為主，突出對(duì)語境的辨音能力、語句聽力理解能力、口語功能項(xiàng)目的掌握和實(shí)際交流能力的考查。聽力理解是領(lǐng)會(huì)語言語意的一項(xiàng)重要能力，聽者要對(duì)聽到的語言信號(hào)進(jìn)行復(fù)雜加工，整個(gè)過程是一個(gè)非常積極、非?；钴S的動(dòng)態(tài)過程，是背景知識(shí)、語境和語言知識(shí)相互撞擊、相互作用，對(duì)聽力材料不斷進(jìn)行吸收，最終形成理解的過程。 2．中考對(duì)聽力理解的考查重點(diǎn)是：（1）常用的日常交際用語；（2）對(duì)話的具體內(nèi)容：人物、時(shí)間、數(shù)字、原因等；（3）對(duì)話的背景：對(duì)話發(fā)生的情境、場(chǎng)所、說話人的身份、關(guān)系，以及對(duì)話人的態(tài)度、觀點(diǎn)等；（4）針對(duì)聽力短文，綜合分析材料中的信息得出結(jié)論，并根據(jù)聽力材料進(jìn)行分析、推理、判斷。 3．考查的方式主要有：聽音選圖題；對(duì)話理解題；摘錄信息題。 題型1　聽音選圖題　 “聽對(duì)話，選擇與其內(nèi)容相符的圖畫”是近幾年中考聽力題中出現(xiàn)的新題型。該題型的命題形式為聽五段對(duì)話，然后要求考生從所給的三幅圖畫中選出與所聽到的對(duì)話內(nèi)容相符的圖畫。 該題型主要考查學(xué)生的觀察能力、反應(yīng)能力、抓住關(guān)鍵信息的能力。 答好這種題型應(yīng)注意： 1．在聽錄音之前，認(rèn)真觀察每幅圖片，通過分析、比較所給的圖片內(nèi)容，找出每幅圖片之間的異同點(diǎn)。 2．在聽第一遍錄音時(shí)，糾正對(duì)圖片內(nèi)容的錯(cuò)誤理解，使句子所描述的內(nèi)容與圖片完全吻合。 3．第一遍初步確定答案后，在聽第二遍錄音時(shí)，進(jìn)一步弄清錄音內(nèi)容，并與圖片進(jìn)行比較，以便核對(duì)答案。 【例1】 （2012湖南長沙中考） 根據(jù)所聽到的內(nèi)容，選擇相應(yīng)的圖畫。 聽力原文： 1．I keep a rabbit as a pet.I think it is lovely. 2．He can sing well while I can play the piano. 3．My English teacher is wearing a pink dress. 4．It is raining outside. 5．He often goes skating on weekends. 參考答案：1.C　2.A　3.B　4.A　5.B 題型2　對(duì)話理解題　 對(duì)話理解題分短對(duì)話理解和長對(duì)話理解。前者每段對(duì)話對(duì)應(yīng)一題，后者一段對(duì)話對(duì)應(yīng)多題。答題時(shí)要注意以下方法技巧： 1．聽前預(yù)覽選項(xiàng)，了解一定的信息，并預(yù)測(cè)話題及內(nèi)容。 2．在聽的時(shí)候我們要注意抓住各小題中的地點(diǎn)、人名、時(shí)間或數(shù)字的變化，職業(yè)、關(guān)系等關(guān)鍵信息。 3．還要抓住表句意轉(zhuǎn)折的but，表示否定的not，no，nothing等關(guān)鍵詞。在聽的過程中根據(jù)對(duì)話內(nèi)容采用排除、推理、辨別等方法來判斷正確答案。 【例2】 （2012湖南長沙中考） 聽下面的對(duì)話，回答第6小題。 6．Where are they probably talked? A．On the playground.　　B．In the hospital.　　C．In the zoo. 聽下面的對(duì)話，回答第7小題。 7．What did Tim do after seeing the accident? A．He phoned the police station. B．He phoned the TV station. C．He phoned the radio station. 聽下面的對(duì)話，回答第8小題。 8．When will the meeting start? A：At 8：15.　　 B：At 8：45.　 　 C．At 9：00. 聽下面的對(duì)話，回答第9小題。 9．Why can't the woman help the man? A．Because she doesn't know the man. B．Because she is new here. C．Because she doesn't take a bus. 10．What will the woman do after dinner? A．Go to a movie. 　　B．Play tennis. 　　C．Go for a walk. 聽下面的對(duì)話，回答11至12小題。 11．What does the man do? A．A writer. 　　 B．A worker. 　　 C．A player. 12．How soon will the book be finished? A．In a month. 　　 B．In a week. 　　 C．In a year. 聽下面的對(duì)話，回答13至15小題。 13．Why does Tom want to borrow a book about culture? A．Because he is not interested in culture. B．Because he borrows it for his classmates. C．Because he will give a talk about culture. 14．How many books can Tom borrow at a time? A．Two. 　　 B．Three. 　　 C．Four. 15．When is the library open? A．On Saturday. 　　B．On Sunday. 　　C．On Thursday. 聽力原文： 聽下面的對(duì)話，回答第6小題。 6．M：Look at the monkeys over there.They are so cute. W：Yes，I love monkeys，but I think pandas are cuter. 聽下面的對(duì)話，回答第7小題。 7．W：Did you call the TV station after you saw the accident，Tim? M：No.I phoned the police station. 聽下面的對(duì)話，回答第8小題。 8．W：Hurry up.Or we will be late for the meeting. M：Don't worry.It's 8：30 now.We still have 30 minutes. 聽下面的對(duì)話，回答第9小題。 9．M：Excuse me.Can you tell me if the bus goes to the train station? W：Sorry，I can't.I've been in this town only for a few days. 聽下面的對(duì)話，回答第10小題。 10．M：Would you like to go to a movie after dinner? W：I'd love to，but the tennis final is tomorrow and I need to practice tonight. 聽下面的對(duì)話，回答11至12小題。 W：Are you busy these days? M：Yes，I'm busy writing another book. W：What's the book on? M：It's on sports. W：Great！How soon will you finish it? M：I think I'll finish it in seven days. 聽下面的對(duì)話，回答13至15小題。 M：Excuse me，Miss Black！Are there any books about culture? W：Yes，here are some. M：Thanks. W：Are you interested in culture，Tom? M：Yes.I was asked to give a talk about culture. W：Oh，I see. M：How many books can I borrow at a time? W：Three. M：OK！Can I have a look at the books about geography? W：Sure.They're on the shelf over there. M：Mm...I'd like this one about the Chinese geography.And I'll return them next Saturday. W：Oh，our library doesn't open on weekends.You may keep them for a week. M：OK.Thank you. 參考答案：6.C　7.A　8.C　9.B　10.B　11.A　12.B 13．C　14.B　15.C 題型3　摘錄信息題　 摘錄信息題考查的是一種迅速的辨音釋義，理解語義并對(duì)聽到的信息作出迅速反應(yīng)的一種能力。它不僅是指辨音能力，更重要的是對(duì)所聽內(nèi)容的理解能力。摘錄信息題以填空題為主，對(duì)寫的要求很高。因此，考生要做的第一步準(zhǔn)備工作就是提高單詞拼寫的速度和準(zhǔn)確性。尤其要重視對(duì)考試中?？紙?chǎng)景相關(guān)詞匯的總結(jié)。多年的經(jīng)驗(yàn)以及研究結(jié)果告訴我們，故事發(fā)生的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、人物、談話內(nèi)容以及后果等場(chǎng)景詞匯反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的比率很大。注意以下解題技巧： 1．在聽之前了解所需填寫的內(nèi)容和所給句子，這有助于對(duì)短文內(nèi)容的把握，以便在聽的時(shí)候做到有的放矢。 2．第一遍，要將全文仔細(xì)地聽一次，盡可能弄明白文章大意。第二遍聽的過程中要做記錄，比如地點(diǎn)、人物、時(shí)間、所發(fā)生的事件等。特別是時(shí)間，一般錄音材料不會(huì)直接告訴具體時(shí)間，而是通過已知的相關(guān)時(shí)間推算出準(zhǔn)確時(shí)間。所以第二遍聽的時(shí)候，一定要用最快的速度填上去。 3．聽完之后，還要結(jié)合題目進(jìn)行思考和判斷，依靠對(duì)短文具體細(xì)節(jié)的回憶，寫出符合要求的答案。同時(shí)還應(yīng)注意： （1）題目有無詞數(shù)限制；（2）填寫好之后的句子是否正確。 【例3】 （2012湖南長沙中考） 根據(jù)你所聽到的內(nèi)容，填寫下面的表格，每空不超過三個(gè)單詞。 How to be healthy First We should have __16__，or we may get sick. __17__ We should eat__18__ healthy food，like green vegetables and fruit. Third We should__19__something healthier. Finally We should do sports often.Doing sports can make us __20__. 聽力原文： Health is very important.But dear friends，do you really know how to keep healthy？Here are some of my ideas.First，we must go to bed early and get up early，because it is good for our health.We should have enough sleep，or we may get sick.Second，we should eat plenty of healthy food，like green vegetables and fruit.We shouldn't eat too much meat or junk food.Third，we should drink something healthier，such as apple juice，milk and bean juice.Finally，we should do sports often.We can go to play basketball，and run with our friends.Doing sports can make us healthy and strong.These are my ideas about how to be healthy.Do you agree with me? 參考答案：16.enough sleep　17.Second　18.plenty of 19．drink　20.healthy and strong 題型1　聽音選圖題　 Ⅰ.根據(jù)所聽到的內(nèi)容，選擇相應(yīng)的圖畫。 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Ⅱ.聽對(duì)話，選擇正確的答案或相應(yīng)的圖片。 6．What's the girl's favorite sport? 7．What's the man's hobby? 8．How is Linda going to the cinema tonight? 9．Why will the boy be late for the party? 10．Where are the two speakers talking now? 題型2　對(duì)話理解題　 聽對(duì)話，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。 聽下面一段對(duì)話，做第1小題。 1．What time will they meet? A．At 6：30.　　　B．At 6：13.　　　C．At 6：00. 聽下面一段對(duì)話，做第2小題。 2．What's wrong with the woman? A．She wants to buy a car. B．She is going to learn to drive. C．She wants to see a doctor. 聽下面一段對(duì)話，做第3小題。 3．How was Tom's school trip last Saturday? A．He didn't have fun. B．He had great fun. C．The trip was fun. 聽下面一段對(duì)話，做第4小題。 4．What color is the man's ball? A．Blue. 　　B．Black. 　　 C．Black and white. 聽下面一段對(duì)話，做第5小題。 5．Where are the man and the woman talking? A．At a school library.　　B．In a hospital.　　C．In a fast food restaurant. 聽下面一段對(duì)話，做第6、7小題。 6．What are they going to do? A．Go boating. 　　B．Go fishing. 　　C．Go camping. 7．What's the weather like? A．It's raining. 　　B．It's sunny. 　　　C．It's snowing. 聽下面一段對(duì)話，做第8～10小題。 8．When will the talk be given? A．Today. 　　　B．Next week. 　　　 C．Next month. 9．How long has Gina learned computer？She has learned it for more than ______. A．one year 　　　B．two years 　　　 C．three years 10．What does Gina want to be when she grows up? A．A computer programmer.　　B．A computer engineer.　　C．A manager. 題型3　摘錄信息題　 聽短文，摘錄必要的信息，每空不超過3個(gè)單詞。 ●News　　　　　　I bought __1__ ●Name __2__ ●__3__ ￥12 ●Fit for __4__ ●Main idea how to protect the environment ●Time to discuss next __5__ （2012湖南岳陽中考） The Voice Of The School（校園之聲） What time It's 6.______ o'clock now.It's time for you to have a break. What Music can help you forget all the 7.______. How You and your classmates must be 8.______ to hear your favorite music. What kind Western classical（經(jīng)典的）music makes people feel richer and 9.______ music makes people do things faster. Who Most of 10.______ like pop music best. 　?。?012湖南郴州中考） A Talent Show Time On April 28th. Place On the 11.______. Number of acts There were 12.______ acts. Li Ying She played a beautiful 13.______ piece. Wang Yue He danced without 14.______. Zhang Lei and his parrot They sang a 15.______ together. 參考答案 專題十六　聽力理解 專題提升演練 題型1 1～5 BBABB　　　　　6～10 BBCAC 題型2 1～5 ACACC 6～10 BABAB 題型3 1．a(chǎn)（new）book　2.Man and Nature　3.Price　4.middle school students　5.Monday （afternoon）　6.ten/10　7.problems　8.very happy/happy　9.fast　10.middle school students/the students/students　11.playground　12.twenty­one（21）　13.guitar　14.music　15.cute song 附：聽力原文 題型1 1．My father goes to work by car. 2．The 30th Olympic Games were held in London in 2012. 3．We usually start to have lessons at half past seven in the morning. 4．I enjoy cooking very much. 5．It's sunny today. 6．M：Jill，what's your favorite sport? W：Football.I like playing football best. 7．M：Did you go hiking last Sunday? W：Yes，what about you? M：I went fishing.That's my hobby，you know. 8．M：Linda，how are you going to the cinema tonight? W：Oh，I'm going there by bike. 9．M：When is your birthday? W：Tomorrow.Can you come to my party，Bob? M：I'd love to.But I'm afraid I will be a little late.I must have a guitar lesson first. 10．M：Excuse me.May I borrow a story book Harry Potter? W：Sure.Here you are. 題型2 （Text 1） M：Tina，let's go to the concert together. W：OK，when shall we meet? M：let's meet at 6：30. （Text 2） M：You'd better go to see a doctor soon. W：Thank you.I'll go as soon as my husband drives his car here.He'll take me there. （Text 3） W：Hi，Tom，how was your school trip last Saturday？Did you have fun camping? M：No，I didn't.My grandpa was ill.I was taking care of him. （Text 4） M：Hi，Amy，please pass me the ball. W：Which one？The blue one? M：No，the blue one is Lisa's.Mine is black and white. （Text 5） W：Hello，can I help you? M：Yes，I'd like a small French fries and a medium Coke.How much are they? W：They are eight yuan. （Text 6） W：What bad weather！It's raining again. M：En...Raining again？I can't stand it.We can't go fishing because of the bad weather. W：What a pity! （Text 7） M：Gina，Mr Ma will give a talk in the City Library next week.Would you like to go with me? W：Who is Mr Ma? M：Oh，he is the manager of a big computer company.You said you were interested in computers. W：Yes，I like it very much.I have learned it since last year，and I want to be a computer engineer. M：I'm sure your dream will come true. W：Thank you! 題型3 （Text 1） Hello，everyone！Here's the news for you.I bought a new book named Man and Nature in the nearby bookshop.The price of the book is 12 yuan.I think the book is very interesting and it is fit for us middle school students.It tells us how to protect the environment.I am sure you'll enjoy it.Let's read the book first and discuss it on Monday afternoon next week. （Text 2） Boys and girls，it's ten o'clock now.It's time for us to have a break.Here comes “The voice of the school”．I think you must be tired after class.What do you think of listening to music at this time？Music can help you be more active.And listening to music can help you relax.It's true that we can learn better when we're relaxed.Music can help you forget all the problems.So it's really helpful for your next class.You and your classmates must be very happy to hear your favorite music.You can sing and dance to music.Scientists believe that the sound of western classical music makes people feel richer.Fast music makes people do things faster.Isn't that interesting？Haha...but I think most of the middle school students like pop music best.OK，now let's enjoy the most popular song “Baby” from Justin Bieber. （Text 3） Good morning.This is our school news.On April 28th，we had a talent show on the playground.It was a great success.There were twenty­one acts.Li Ying won the prize for the best performer.She played a beautiful guitar piece.Wang Yue was the quietest performer.He danced without music.It was so amazing！Zhang Lei and his parrot got the prize for the funniest act.They sang a cute song together.Thank you for your listening. 9