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2019-2020年高三英語第一輪復習 模塊八第三單元教案 牛津版 talented adj. 有才能的，有才華的 architecture n. 建筑；建筑學 photographer n. 攝影師，攝影家 masterpiece n. 杰作 calculate vt. & vi. 計算 astronomy n. 天文學 range vi. （在一定范圍或幅度內）變動，變化 float vi. & vt. （使）漂浮 pond n. 池塘 peaceful adj. 安寧的，寧靜的；和平的；愛好和平的 weep vi. 哭泣，流淚 thunderstorm n. 雷暴 rainbow n. 彩虹 abstract adj. 抽象的 sunflower n. 向日葵 starry adj. 布滿星星的 distribute vt. 傳播，散布，發(fā)行 negotiate vi. 談判，洽談，協(xié)商 vt. 通過談判達成（或解決），談成 adore vt. 喜愛；崇拜；愛慕 subjective adj. 主觀的 appetite n. 愛好，欲望；食欲，胃口 explore vt. 探索，探究，探測 artistic adj. 藝術的 assistance n. 協(xié)助，援助 framework n. 框架，構架，結構 abandon vt. 放棄，丟棄；遺棄 scratch n., vt. & vi. 抓，撓，刮，擦 ankle n. 踝；踝關節(jié) reservation n. 預定，預約；保留 dormitory n. 宿舍 highway n. 公路 eastern adj. 東方的，東部的 shore n. （江、河、湖、海等的）岸，濱 fee n. 費，費用，酬金 bargain n. 便宜貨；劃算的買賣 vi. 討價還價，講價；講條件，談判 graduation n. 畢業(yè) gallery n. 美術館，畫廊 scholarship n. 獎學金 experiment vi. 實驗，試驗 cloth n. 布，織物 height n. 高處，高地；高度；身高 cave n. 洞穴，巖洞 slice n. 薄片，切片 yummy adj. 美味的，可口的 apron n. 圍裙 chef n. 廚師 cheese n. 奶酪 hairstyle n. 發(fā)型，發(fā)式 strawberry n. 草莓 mushroom n. 蘑菇 eggplant n. 茄子 ham n. 火腿 cube n. 小方塊；立方體 grocery n. 雜貨店 string n. 線，細繩 glue n. 膠，膠水 pattern n. 圖案；模式 crayon n. 蠟筆 shell n. 殼，貝殼 stick vt. 粘住，粘貼 seashell n. 海貝殼 pillow n. 枕頭 disgusting adj. 令人厭惡的，令人作嘔的 print n. 印畫 cardboard n. 硬紙板 dip vt. & vi. 浸，蘸 paint n. 顏料；油漆 repeat vt. & vi. 重復，反復 課文出現(xiàn)短語 1. a piece of artwork 2. make a lot of scientific discoveries 3. develop different styles of painting 4. share with 5. devote one’s whole self to 6. be subjective to 7. with the assistance of 8. a collection of 9. dip into 10. rather than 11. range from 12. distribute … to … 13. as well as 14. build up 15. focus on 16. talented artists 17. be amazed to 18. fly over 19. negotiate a successful sale 20. have an appetite for 21. be admitted to 22. stick onto 23. be with 24. be off 25. try hard 26. abstract artwork 27.on the way 28.so far 29.hurry back to 30. book full 31. make a reservation 32.twist one’s ankle 33. have a go 34. after graduation 35.set up astudio 36.three metres tall 37. win a scholarship 38. make pictures 39. take a photo of 40. try out 一．單詞應用 根據(jù)單詞的首字母或漢語意思填寫正確單詞，注意形式變化 1. Van Gogh created a lot of a________ artwork during the last years of his life. 2. They decided to take apart the machine and started again from s___________. 3. The oil pany is d_________ for oil in this area. 4. We’re going to wash down our kitchen. A p______ will be invited to paint the wall. 5. The national flower of Japan is c______ blossom. 6. In the lab you must follow your teacher’s i_______ before doing your experiment. 7. Every year, he won s_________ at school because of his excellent study. 8. The boy p____ the button and the stuffed toy began to laugh. 9. I’ve only d____ into the book and haven’t read it all the way through. 10. I was a_____ to hear that you were leaving. 11. The children have gone ______ (探索) in the woods. The teacher told them to take notes of all the unknown things. 12. The explorers sailed on the ocean for two weeks and _____ (最終) found the mysterious land. 13.Tom hasn’t _______ (計算) the cost of the journey to Disney World, but he has made up his mind to go this summer. 14. There have been many great European painters, but it is ______ (主觀) to say who was actually the best. 15. She has a lot of ______ (癖好), ranging from playing chess to canoeing. 16. She _______ (相似) her mother in the way she moves her hands when she talks. 17. If a film wins a _____ (勝利) at the Cannes Film Festival, everyone will hear about it. 18. He created his _______ (杰作)between 1503 and 1506. 19. ______ (考慮到) the history of our festival, we feel it is important not to favor films from any one country. 20. In the 1900s, he won a _______ (獎學金) to study in the USA. 二．詞形轉換 1. talent n ---____ (同義詞) 2. architecture n. ---________（n. 人） 3. calculate v. ---________ (n. 物) 4. astronomy n. ---__________ (adj.) 5. peaceful adj. ---_____ __(n.) 6. abstract adj. ---______ ____(n.) 7. distribute v. ---________ (n. ) 8. negotiate v. ---_______ (n.), __ _ (adj.) 9. assistance n..---____ (v.) 10. adore v. --- _____ ___ (n.) 三．選詞填空 rather than, show considerable talent for, range from…to, devote oneself to, distribute…to, go shares with, figure out, serve as, have an appetite for, start from scratch, build up, in case, with the assistance of, make a reservation, take turns to do, experiment on, be admitted to, afford to do, in case of, be off to 1. ______ allow the vegetables to go bad, he sold them at half price. 2. His younger brother tried hard to sell and ______ Van Gogh’s painting ____ buyers. 3. Have you ________ how much the holiday will cost? 4. She ___________ getting what she wanted. 5. You need more protein to ______ yourself . 6. He is __________ reading. 7. Wanting to stay in a hotel in an old castle, we tried to _______. 8. They can see camels which ________ North Africa _____ Central Asia. 9. A soft eraser will also be needed _______ you make a mistake. 10. Some people feel that _______ animals causes unnecessary suffering. 11. The frozen river ________ a road throughout the bitter winter. 12. They walked because they couldn’t _______ take a taxi. 13. He __________ life and enjoyed exploring the workings of objects and animals. 14. I finally got everything for the Christmas party arranged _______ my parents. 15. Let’s _______ you in the taxi fare. 16. Tomorrow we ____ another country to further my study and I will miss all my friends at home. 17. In xx, Mary took part in the entrance college examination and ______ Beijing University. 18. _______ fire, ring the alarm bell. 19. In fact, he abandoned them and ________, created a style of art known as cubism, which is a type of abstract painting. 20. The four sisters and brothers ________ look after the lonely old lady. 四．句型結構 1. talented adj. 有才能的，能干的 talented players/ youngsters天才運動員/神童 talent n. 天資, 才能, 稟賦; literary talent文學才能 special talent特殊才能 have a talent for n./doing = have a gift for對...有天賦 He has a talent for music.他有音樂天賦。 [集合詞]人材, 有才干的人 He is a great talent.他是一個偉大的天才。 There is a wealth of young talent in British literature. 英國文學年輕一代人才輩出。 2. architecture n. 建筑, 建筑學 She studies architecture in America. 他在美國學習建筑學。 architect 建筑師；設計師 An architect is a person who designs buildings. 3. amaze 使驚奇；使吃驚 Her knowledge amazes me. 她的學識令我吃驚。 be amazed to do / at (by) / that對...大為驚奇 We were amazed to hear the news. I was amazed at/by the news of Georges sudden death. 聽到喬治突然去逝的消息,我感到驚愕。 I was amazed that he had made such rapid progress in English. amazed / amazing adj. 4. represent vt. ①表現(xiàn)；描寫；描畫 This painting represents a storm. 這幅畫描繪暴風雨。 ②代表；象征; 代理； A dove represents peace. 鴿子象征和平。 On this map what does a star represent? 這地圖上的星號代表什么？ We chose a mittee to represent us. 我們選出一個委員會來代表我們。 ③聲稱 represent + n +as/ to be He represented himself as a philosopher. 他聲稱自己是哲學家。 representative n.代表； 代理人（與of連用） / adj.典型的, 有代表性的 a representative of a pany 公司的代表 a representative collection of ancient Greek art 古希臘藝術代表作品集 5. historic adj. 有歷史意義的,有歷史影響的 【注意】 historic和 historical盡管在意義上有重疊的地方，但用法上有區(qū)別。 historic指歷史上有重要意義的，產(chǎn)生重要影響的： a historic spot古跡 a historic event 歷史性事件 historical指不管重要與否而在過去存在的所有事物,和歷史有關，一般和知識有關 a historical novel 歷史小說 historical research 歷史研究 6. calculate vt. ①計算, 考慮, 計劃, 打算 calculate the cost of a journey 計算旅行費用 You need to calculate how much time the assignment will take. 你需要計算一下要花多少時間才能完成被分配的任務。 It is calculated that... 據(jù)計算.. It is calculated that at least 47000 jobs were lost last year. 據(jù)計算，去年至少喪失了47000個工作。 ②推測, 預測 It is possible to calculate what influence he had on her life. 現(xiàn)在無法估計他對她的生活產(chǎn)生過多大的影響。 be calculated to do/for sth 為適合...而設計的; 適合于 This advertisement is calculated to attract the attention of housewives. 這份廣告是為引起家庭主婦們的注意而設計的。 calculate on (upon) 指望著, 期待著 We can’t calculate on having fine weather for the sports meeting. 我們不能指望著有好天氣開運動會。 7. range vi. (在一定范圍內)變化, 變動 range from A to B/ range between A and B Prices ranged from 5 dollars to 10 dollars. 價格自五美元至十美元不等。 n. 行列, 范圍, 射程 in the range of 在... 范圍內; 在射程內 / out of [beyond] range 在射程外 a wide range of knowledge 廣博的知識 the annual range of temperature每年的溫度變化范圍 range over v. 涉及, 包括，射程范圍 The discussion ranged over various problem. 那次討論涉及到種種問題。 The gun ranges over five miles. 這次槍的射程可達五英里多。 8. float vt. /vi. 漂浮[流], 浮起; 飄動 The ship was floated by the tide. 船被潮流沖走。 The boat floated down the river. 小船沿河漂流。 The smell of roses floated around. 玫瑰花的芳香在四周飄蕩。 9. weep vi. (wept, wept) 流淚; 哭泣（常與for, over連用） weep for the dead 哀悼死者 She wept when she heard the bad news. 當她聽到這個壞消息時哭了。 He wept over his sad fate. 他為他的悲慘命運而哭泣。 10. scare vt ①恐嚇，驚嚇；使受驚；驚恐（常與of, to連用） I was scared of the big dog. 我害怕這條大狗。 be scared to death 嚇得要死 ②把…嚇跑（常與away, off, up連用） The dogs scared the thief away. 那些狗把賊嚇跑了。 11. devote vt. 獻身；專心于…（與to連用） devote …to…把...獻給; 把...專用于 He devoted his life to literature.他專心致志于文學。 He has devoted his whole life to benefiting mankind. 他為全人類的利益獻出了自己的一生。 devote oneself to 致力于, 獻身于; 專心于 After he has retired, he will devote himself to gardening. 退休后,他將要致力于園藝。 be devoted to 忠誠于… Everybody knows that our director is very devoted to his wife. 從都知道我們的廠長對妻子十分忠誠。 12. distribute vt. 分發(fā), 分配, 散布, 分布 distribute sth. to/among 把某物分[配, 發(fā)]給... to distribute books to students 給學生發(fā)書 The firm distributed its profits among its workers. 公司將利潤分給工人。 distribute...over ... 把...配給到[分配到, 散布于].. distribute seeds over a field 在田間播種 distribution n 分發(fā)，分配, 分布，散布 They couldn’t agree on the distribution of profits 他們對于利潤的分配意見不一致。 13. negotiate vi, vt 談判；協(xié)商；商談；達成協(xié)議（常與with連用） The government will not negotiate with them. 政府不會和他們談判。 They negotiated a peace treaty. 他們通過談判達成和平協(xié)議。 negotiation n. 談判；協(xié)商；商談 carry on negotiation with sb. 與某人進行談判 The issue is still under negotiation. 這個問題還在商討之中。 14. adore vt 崇拜；喜愛；愛慕 adore doing喜愛做某事 He adores the cinema. 他非常愛看電影。 She adores going to the volleyball match. 她非常喜歡看排球比賽。 15. abstract adj. 抽象的，理論上的, 深奧的, 難以了解的 abstract noun 抽象名詞 Astronomy is an abstract subject.天文學是一門深奧的學科。 16. subjective adj. 主觀的 反義詞是objective man’s subjective initiative 人的主觀能動性 Everyone’s opinion is bound to be subjective. 每個人的意見都必定是十分主觀的。 17. appetite n. 食欲, 欲望，嗜好 have an appetite for She has an appetite for learning 她有求知欲(嗜好學習)。 to lose ones appetite 食欲不振 He has a good / poor appetite. 他胃口很好/不好。 18. assistance n.協(xié)助, 援助, 補助 financial assistance 經(jīng)濟資助 Can I be of any assistance to you? 我能幫你什么忙嗎? with the assistance of 在某人的幫助之下 e to sb.s assistance 援助某人 give [render] assistance (to) 給以援助 assist v assist sb with sth/ in doing sth/ to do 19. abandon vt 拋棄；舍棄；離棄 abandon ones home 離棄家園 He abandoned his wife and went away with all their money. 他拋棄了妻子還帶走了兩人所有的錢。 abandoned himself to陷入，沉湎于… He abandoned himself to despair. 他自暴自棄。 abandoned adj. 被遺棄的 an abandoned house 被遺棄的房子 20. start from scratch從頭做起, 白手起家 It was years since I’d learned any German, and I really had to start again from scratch. 我好多年沒學德語了，真的要重新從頭開始了。 21. Having twisted her ankle, our tour guide had to be taken to the hospital. twist n. 一扭, 扭曲 v. 擰,扭曲 twist ones ankle 扭傷了踝骨 The papers twisted everything I said. 報紙把我的話全都歪曲了。 22. reservation n. 保留; (旅館房間等)預定, 預約 make reservations定座, 定房間(等); without reservation 毫不保留地 I’d like to call the restaurant and make a reservation. 我要給飯店打個電話預定座位。 Some members of the mittee expressed reservations about the proposal. 委員會一些成員對這項提議持保留態(tài)度。 reserve v. 預定，預約，保留 I’ve reserved a room in the name of Jones. 我已經(jīng)以瓊斯的名字預定了一個房間。 These seats are reserved for special guests. 這些座位是留給貴賓的。 23. However, that hotel was booked full. book v. 預定，預約 Book early to avoid disappointment. 及早預約，以免失望。 The performance is fully booked up. 這次演出的票全預定出去了。 24.a couple of 兩個, 幾個 I have a couple of things to do. 我有幾件事要做。 25. hardly … when … “一 … 就 …” 通常when 前面的動詞用過去完成時，后面的用過去時； Hardly had we begun when we were told to stop. 我們剛開始就被叫停。 當否定副詞hardly放在句首時，主句的主謂用倒裝語序，類似的結構還有No sooner … than … ； Scarcely … when … 等，如： Scarcely had we gone out when it began to snow. 我們剛一出來就下起雪來了。 No sooner had she reached the station than the train left. 她剛到車站火車就開走了。 Sentences： （Line 7）I was amazed to learn that…just a painter. 我驚訝地得知，畢加索一生創(chuàng)作了兩萬多件藝術作品，而且他不僅是一位油畫家。 “that” 后面的整個句子做“l(fā)earn”的賓語，其中，第二個賓語從句中“that he wasn’t just a painter”中的引導詞“that”不可省。 （Line 16）In the Louver Museum is the … artist Leonardo da Vinci. 盧浮宮里有意大利畫家奧納多﹒達﹒芬奇著名的油畫《蒙娜麗莎》。 本句是一個倒裝句，主語the famous Mona Lisa painting 放在謂語動詞is 之后，在有些句子中，由于沒有賓語，而主語又比較長，可將主語放句末，將謂語放在主語前面，而將狀語或表語放句首，這是一種完全倒裝形式，不需要借助助動詞，本句就是這種類型的句子。如： At the top of the mountain stands a temple. 山上有座寺廟。 From the distance came occasional shots. 遠處傳來零星的槍聲。 （Line 19）This painting is so valuable that … wanted to sell it. 這幅畫如此珍貴，如果博物館想賣了它，都很難為它估價。 ①“so … that …” 如此 … 以至于… 如對“so”后面的成分進行強調，放句首， “so”后面的從句要用部分倒裝，即把助動詞提前。 ②“that”后面的從句使用的是if 引導的虛擬語氣，表示與客觀事實相反的情況。 （Line 23）Besides the works of Da Vinci, … to the 19th century. 除了達﹒芬奇的作品，盧浮宮里還藏有其他歐洲畫家從13世紀到19世紀創(chuàng)作的六千余件作品。 復習一下“works”的用法 “range from … to … ”意思是“從 … 到 … ”，“在 … 和 … 之間” Prices ranged from 5 dollars to 10 dollars. 價格自五美元至十美元不等。 （Line 44）The sad thing is that although … he died in 1890. 令人可悲的是：雖然凡﹒高把自己都奉獻給了繪畫，但在他1890年去世前他僅賣出了一幅畫。 ① “devote … to … ” ② “that”后面的整個從句是is的表語，“that”引導的是一個表語從句；其中，表語從句中又是一個“although”引導的讓步狀語從句。 完成句子 1. 那不會有什么好處，因此我們決不能允許它繼續(xù)。 It won’t do any good, so we can ____ ____ ___ allow it ____ _____. 2. 她正在電話里和她男朋友交談，線路突然被切斷了。 She ___ ____ ____ while ___ ____ her boy friend ____ telephone. 3. 幫我個忙把收音機聲音調低一點當我在打電話時。 ___ ____ ____ ____ and ____ the radio _____ while I’m on the phone. 4. 你的作文很出色，就是有些拼寫錯誤。 Your position is very good_____ _____ there are some _____ _____. 5. 他遠游到西藏，并了解了西藏人的文化。 He ____ ____ ____ ____ Tibet and ___ _____ the _____ of the Tibetans. 6. 那是我們無法忍受的，所以便決定到戶外去游戲了。 That was ____ _____ we could _____, so we _____ ____ ____ ____ outdoors. 7. 三兄弟輪流照顧生病的媽媽。 The three brothers ___ _____ ____ ____ _____ their sick mother. 8. 不論困難多大，他決心去嘗試一下這個實驗。 ____ _____ ____ ____ it is, he ____ _____ _____ _____ ____ ____ at the experiment. 9. 這里所有的人，包括老人，都參加了抗洪斗爭。 Everyone here ____ ____ ____ the fight _____ the flood, _____ _____ ____. 10. 他一生致力于研究英語語法。 He ____ _____ ____ ____ _____ English grammar. 五．語法應用 謂語動詞放在主語之前的這種語法現(xiàn)象稱為倒裝。從倒裝的形來看，可分為全部倒裝(full inversion)和部分倒裝(partial inversion)兩種。前者是指整個謂語置于主語之前，而后者僅是指助動詞、情態(tài)動詞或be 動詞等功能置于主語這前。 一、全部倒裝 1、句首為there be, stand, lie, exist, remain, appear, seem, e 等時，引出全部倒裝。 There stands a stone bridge across the river. There stands an old pine tree on the summit of the mountain. 2、句首為狀語方位詞或表示地點的介詞短語： Then from the portable radio in the corner came the announcer’s voice 從角落里的便攜式收音機里傳來了播音員的聲音。 At his side lay Eva Brown. 在他的身旁躺著的是愛娃.布勞恩。 3、以 here, there, now, then等開頭的句子，位于常用 be, e, go, begin, follow 等，引出倒裝： There goes the bell. 鈴響了。 Here es the bus. 汽車來了。 Now e your turn. 現(xiàn)在輪到你了。 但是，如主語是代詞而不是名詞時則不發(fā)生倒裝。 4、在表示動作的簡短句子里，為了生動可把副詞放于句首引出倒裝。 Out rushed the dog from the gate. 一條狗從大門里竄了出來。 Up went the rocket into the sky.窗體頂端窗體底端 火箭嗖地一聲飛上了天空。 5、在表達祝愿的句子里： Long live the friendship between American and Chinese people! 中美人民的友誼萬歲！ May you succeed! 祝你成功！ 6、在強調表語時 Worst of all were the humiliations. 最令人難以忍受的是羞辱。 Such is the case. 情況就是這樣。 二、部分倒裝 1、省略 if 的虛擬條件句中 Had I known what was going to happen，I would never have left her alone. 如果當時知道可能發(fā)生的事的話，我就不會撇下她一個人在那了。 Were there no air or water, there would be no life in the world. 沒有空氣和水，世界上就不會有生命。 2、在以 so(肯定)和 neither, nor(否定)的句子中 He didn’t fear new ideas, nor did he fear the future. 他不怕新想法，也不怕未來。 I’ve had some good ideas, so have other men. 我有些新的想法，別人也會有啊。 Distrust can be contagious, but so can trust. 不信任有傳染力，同樣信任也具有傳染力。 3、當句首狀語為否定詞或帶有否定意義的詞語時，如never, little, often, not only, not until, hardly, scarcely, seldom, no sooner ... than …, in no way, at no time, under no circumstances, by no means, in no case.，采用部分倒裝。 Little does he care about money. 他很少關心錢。 Not until recently did I know what he had done. 直到最近我才知道他所做的事。 4、句首狀語由 only+副詞，only+介詞短語，only+狀語分詞時 Only yesterday did he find out that his watch was missing. 直到昨天他才發(fā)現(xiàn)表丟了。 Only in our country can science serve the interests of the people. 只有在我們國家科學才能服務于人民的利益。 5、在強調賓語時 Still greater contributions should we make to our socialist construction. 我們應該為社會主義建設作出更大的貢獻。 Useful chemical fertilizer can we make from the waste liquid. 從廢棄液體中我們能提取有用的化學肥料。 6、在某些句型中 1). 以as 引出的讓步狀語從句 Poor as he was, he was honest. 他盡管貧窮，但很誠實。 Poor as I am, it is beneath me to steal. 我雖然窮，還不屑于去偷。 Much as I admire him as a writer, I don’t like him as a man. 他作為作家我雖然敬慕他，但作為人我不喜歡他。 Try as he may, he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily. 盡管他很努力，然而其工作卻不令人滿意。 2). 連詞不位于句首的某些讓步從句(把動詞原形置于句首) Object though you may, they will go on as usual. 盡管你反對，他們仍然我行我素。 3). 在某些相當于讓步從句的固定結構中，動詞置于句首 Be it right or wrong, we’ll still go. 無論對錯，我一如既往。 4). 在 so ... that 的結構中, so 位于句首 So fast does the light travel that it is difficult for us to imagine its speed. 光傳播的很快我們無法測量其速度。 So loudly did he speak that he was heard upstairs. 他說話的聲音很高連樓上的人都聽得見。 So astonished was he that he could scarcely contain himself for joy.他如此吃驚竟然控制不住自己的喜悅之情。 鞏固練習 1. Not until all the fish died in the river ____ how serious the pollution was. A. the villagers realize B. did the villagers realize C. didn’t the villagers realize D. the villagers did realize 2. The door opened, _______. A. came in a pretty girl in B. in came a pretty girl C. came a pretty girl in D. in a pretty girl came 3. Not only ____ polluted but _____ crowded. A. was the city; were the streets B. the city was; were the streets C. the city was; the streets were D. was the city; the streets were 4. I began to fall over my own feet. Down _____ again and again. A. I went B. did I go C. went I D. I did go 5. Against the wall on the opposite side _____ . A. stand two cupboards B. there stand two cupboards C. two cupboards stand there D. there two cupboards stand 6. —Did you know Jim quarreled with his brother? — I don’t know, _____. A. nor do I care B. I don’t care neither C. nor don’t care D. I don’t care also 7. ____ when to go there. A. Only did he know B. Only knows he C. Only he knows D. Only does he know 8. Never before in her life_____ such a strange man. A. she met B. she has met C. has she met D. did she met 9. Tom has never been to Paris, _____. A. not have I B. nor have I C. I haven’t too D. So have I 10. On the wall ____ her schoolbag. A. hang B. hanged C. hangs D. hanging 11. So hard ____ that all of us praised him. A. does he work B. he worked C. he works D. did he work 12. _____ , the crops would be saved. A. It should rain B. Rain it should C. Should it rain D. If it had rained 13. _____ Mother came home_____ I go to bed yesterday evening. A. Not until; did B. Until ; do C. Until ; did C. Not until; do 14. —I have finished my homework. — Oh, did you