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2019-2020年高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法專(zhuān)題復(fù)習(xí) 專(zhuān)題十 虛擬語(yǔ)氣教案 一、考點(diǎn)聚焦 1、虛擬語(yǔ)氣用于條件狀語(yǔ)從句中 （1）表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)，條件狀語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用“過(guò)去式（be動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式用were）”，而主句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用“would / should/ could / might + 動(dòng)詞原形”。如： If I were a boy, I would join the army. If the had time, she should go with you. （2）表示與過(guò)去的事實(shí)相反，條件狀語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，主句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞則用“would / should / might / could + have +過(guò)去分詞”。如： If he had taken my advice, he would have succeeded in the petition. （3）表示與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反，條件狀語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般過(guò)去時(shí)或should(were to) + 動(dòng)詞原形，而主句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞則用would / should/ could might + 動(dòng)詞原形。如； If it were to rain tomorrow, the football match would be put off. （4）當(dāng)條件狀語(yǔ)從句表示的行為和主句表示的行為所發(fā)生的時(shí)間不一致時(shí)，動(dòng)詞的形式要根據(jù)它所表示的時(shí)間作相應(yīng)調(diào)整。如： If they had worked hard, they would be very tired.(從句說(shuō)的是過(guò)去，主句指的是現(xiàn)在) 以下表格是虛擬語(yǔ)氣用于條件狀語(yǔ)從句中時(shí)，主句和從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式： 條件狀語(yǔ)從句 主 句 與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反 had + 過(guò)去分詞 should /would/could/might + have + 過(guò)去分詞 與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反 一般過(guò)去時(shí)(be用were) would/should/could/might + 動(dòng)詞原形 與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反 一般過(guò)去時(shí)或should(were to) + 動(dòng)詞原形 Would/should/cold/might + 動(dòng)詞原形 有時(shí)侯在使用時(shí)可省略if,句子則可換成下列形式，即“were / had / should +主語(yǔ)”。如： Were I a boy, I would join the army. Had he taken my advice, he would have succeeded. Were it not for the expense, I would go to Britain. 2、虛擬語(yǔ)氣用于名詞性從句 （1）虛擬語(yǔ)氣在賓語(yǔ)從句中的運(yùn)用。 ①“wish + 賓語(yǔ)從句”表示不能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望，譯為“要是……就好了”等。表示現(xiàn)在不能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望，從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用一般過(guò)去時(shí)；表示將來(lái)不能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望，從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用“would/could + 動(dòng)詞原形”；表示過(guò)去不能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望，從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用“had + 過(guò)去分詞”或“could(should) + have + 過(guò)去分詞”。如： I wish it were spring all the year round. I wish I had known the answer. I wish I could fly like a bird. ②在表示建議、要求、命令等的動(dòng)詞suggest、advise、propose、demand、require、insist request、mand、order等后的賓語(yǔ)從句中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用should + 動(dòng)詞原形或是動(dòng)詞原形。如： She suggested we (should)leave here at once. The doctor ordered she should be operated. （2）虛擬語(yǔ)氣在同位語(yǔ)從句和表語(yǔ)從句中的運(yùn)用。 作表示建議、要求、命令等的名詞advise、idea、order、demand、plan、proposal、suggestion、request等的表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句，從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用“（should） + 動(dòng)詞原形”。如： His suggestion that we (should)go to Shanghai is wonderful. My idea is that they (should)pay 100 dollars. （3）虛擬語(yǔ)氣在主語(yǔ)從句中的運(yùn)用。 在主語(yǔ)從句中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的虛擬語(yǔ)氣用“should + 動(dòng)詞原形”的結(jié)構(gòu)，表示驚奇、不相信、理應(yīng)如此等。如： It is necessary (important, natural, strange, etc.)that we should clean the room every day. It was a pity (a shame, no wonder, etc.)that you should be so careless. It will be desired (suggested, decided, ordered, requested, proposed, etc.)that she should finish her homework this afternoon. 注意：這種從句表示的是事實(shí)。如果說(shuō)人對(duì)這種事實(shí)表現(xiàn)出驚奇的情感，就可用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。反之，如果不表示驚奇等情感，that從句也可用陳述句語(yǔ)氣。如： It is pity that you can’t swim. 3、虛擬語(yǔ)氣在其他場(chǎng)合的運(yùn)用 （1）虛擬語(yǔ)氣在as if/as though、even if/even though等引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句或狀語(yǔ)從句中，如果從句表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去，用過(guò)去完成時(shí)；指現(xiàn)在狀況，則用一般過(guò)去時(shí)；指將來(lái)狀況則用過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)。如： He did it as if he were an expert. Even if she were here, she could not solve the problem. （2）虛擬語(yǔ)氣用于定語(yǔ)從句中。 這種從句常用于句型“It is (high)time (that) … ”中，定語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用一般過(guò)去時(shí)(be用were)或should + 動(dòng)詞原形，意思是“(現(xiàn)在)該……”。如： It’s time that I picked up my daughter. It’s high time we were going. （3）虛擬語(yǔ)氣用在if only引導(dǎo)的感嘆句中。如： If only I were a bird. If only I had taken his advice. （4）虛擬語(yǔ)氣在一些簡(jiǎn)單句中的運(yùn)用。 ①情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式用于現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)，表示說(shuō)話(huà)人謙虛、客氣、有禮貌或語(yǔ)氣委婉，常出現(xiàn)在日常會(huì)話(huà)中。如： It would be better for you not to stay up too late. Would you be kind enough to close the door? ②用于一些習(xí)慣表達(dá)法中。如： Would you like a cup of tea? I would rather not tell you. 二、精典名題導(dǎo)解 選擇填空 1. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it _______. (NMET 95) A. breaks B. has broken C. were broken D. had been broken 解析：答案為C。本題考查的是as if 引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中的語(yǔ)氣問(wèn)題，as if引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句如果與事實(shí)一致，不用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，如果與事實(shí)相反，應(yīng)用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。題中“當(dāng)鉛筆的一部分浸在水中，鉛筆看上去好像斷了”。而實(shí)際上鉛筆并未斷，與事實(shí)相反，前半部分陳述是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，因而本句是對(duì)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的虛擬，用were broken。 2. I didn’t see your sister at the meeting. If she ___________, she would have met my brother.(NMET 94) A. has e B. did e C. came D. had e 解析：答案為D。本題考查的是if條件句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣。題意是：我在會(huì)議上沒(méi)看到你姐姐，故你姐姐沒(méi)來(lái)。因此如果“她來(lái)了”與事實(shí)相反，前面一句交代了虛擬語(yǔ)氣的時(shí)態(tài)是一般過(guò)去時(shí)的虛擬，所以if從句中用had+過(guò)去分詞。 3. —If he ___________, he ________that food. —Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately.(NMET 93) A. was warned; would not take B. had been warned; would not have taken C. would be warned; had not taken D. would have been warned; had not taken 解析：答案為B。本題考查的是條件狀語(yǔ)從句與主句表示與事實(shí)相反時(shí)虛擬語(yǔ)氣的用法。根據(jù)下一句語(yǔ)境可知，他事先并沒(méi)有得到警告，表示過(guò)去時(shí)間的虛擬語(yǔ)氣，故選B。 4. Mr.White at 8:30 for the meeting, but he didn’t show up. A. should have arrived B. should arrive C. should have had arrived D. should be arriving 解析：答案為A。本題考虛擬語(yǔ)氣及責(zé)備的用法，全句意為：Mr.white 8:30（原本）應(yīng)該到會(huì)的，但他沒(méi)露面。全句談的是過(guò)去的事，故應(yīng)使用should have done結(jié)構(gòu)，表原本該做而沒(méi)做的事。 5.—I’ll tell Mary about her new job tomorrow. —You her last week. A. ought to tell B. would have told C. must tell D. should have told 解析：答案為D。本題考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用法，should（ought to）have done表示說(shuō)話(huà)人對(duì)發(fā)生的事性“責(zé)備”故選D。 6.—Let’s go and have a good drink tonight. — Have you got the first prize in the petition? A. What for? B. Thanks a lot. C. Yes, I’d like to. D. Why not? 解析：答案為A?？颊Z(yǔ)境及交際用語(yǔ)。前句建議：今晚咱們出去好好喝一頓吧。喝一頓應(yīng)有個(gè)來(lái)由和原因，且多是為了慶祝某事，所以后句問(wèn)：為何事（慶祝）？你是不是在競(jìng)賽中得了一等獎(jiǎng)？這樣才能表示后者驚訝、疑問(wèn)和興奮，what for：為何而做某事？其余均不合語(yǔ)境。