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1、2014年全國(guó)卷高考語(yǔ)法填空新題型試題猜想 語(yǔ)法填空又稱之為開(kāi)放式語(yǔ)篇填空，這一題型的測(cè)試是根據(jù)德國(guó)心理學(xué)家的格式塔心理學(xué)原理和英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言學(xué)家布朗的語(yǔ)篇分析理論等，從語(yǔ)法的句子結(jié)構(gòu)與語(yǔ)法形式、詞匯的本義和轉(zhuǎn)義以及前后綴的變化、語(yǔ)境語(yǔ)篇的線索以及標(biāo)志詞等方面測(cè)試學(xué)生的整體語(yǔ)篇能力。 閱讀下面短文，按照句子結(jié)構(gòu)的語(yǔ)法性和上下文連貫的要求，在空格處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~形式或用括號(hào)中詞語(yǔ)的正確形式填空，每空不超過(guò)三個(gè)單詞。 例一、對(duì)話體 Mum: (putting on her coat) Im going to have to go down to the shop for more br

2、ead. Alan: Why? Mum: Im not sure what 1 (happen). I made some sandwiches earlier and left them on the table 2 I went to answer the phone. But someone must have taken them because theyre 3 (go). Alan: Oh, it must have been Dad. Im sure he was in the kitchen 4 (early). Mum: No, he went off to hi

3、s tennis match before I finished 5 (make) them, so he couldnt have done it. 6 , he couldnt carry a plate of sandwiches as well as all his tennis stuff, so Im sure 7 wasnt him. Alan: (opening the fridge door) Well, it wasnt me. But Mum, look! Are these your sandwiches here on the bottom shelf of

4、8 fridge? Mum: Are they there? Oh, my goodness. I 9 (put) them in there when the phone rang. Oh, dear. I really must be losing my 10 . Now, why did I put on my coat? 答案： 1. happened 2. when 3. gone 4. earlier 5. making 6. Anyway 7. it 8. the 9. must have put 10. mind/memory 例二、短文體 One of m

5、y fathers favorite 1 (say) as I was growing up was “Try it!” I couldnt say I didnt like something, 2 it might be, until after I tried it. Over the years Ive come to realize how much of my success I owe to my 3 (accept) of those words as one of my values. My first job was just one I decided to try fo

6、r a couple of years until I determined what I wanted to do as a career (職業(yè)). 4 (actual) I believed I would work for a few years, get 5 (marry), stay home and raise a family, so I didnt think the job I took mattered that much. I couldnt 6 more mistaken. I mastered the skills of that 7 (begin) level p

7、osition and I was given the opportunity (機(jī)會(huì)) to move up through the company into 8 (differ) positions. I accepted each new opportunity with the thought, “Well, Ill try it; 9 I dont like it I can always go back to my 10 (early) position.” But I was with the same company for the past 28 years. 答案： 1

8、. sayings 2. whatever 3. acceptance 4. Actually 5. married 6. have been 7.beginning 8. different 9. if 10. earlier 語(yǔ)篇型語(yǔ)法填空具體填入什么內(nèi)容？ 給 提 示 詞 詞性 轉(zhuǎn)換 以加后綴為主：名詞后綴、形容詞后綴、動(dòng)詞后綴、副詞后綴、數(shù)詞后綴 動(dòng)詞 時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)、語(yǔ)氣、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞、不定式、-ing形式、過(guò)去分詞 名詞 數(shù)、格 形容詞 比較級(jí)、最高級(jí) 副詞 比較級(jí)、最高級(jí) 不 給 提 示 詞 連詞 從屬連詞、并列連詞 代詞 人稱、非

9、人稱 (it)、物主、反身、相互、指示、疑問(wèn)、關(guān)系、連接、不定 介詞 簡(jiǎn)單、合成、成語(yǔ) 冠詞 定冠詞、不定冠詞 副詞 疑問(wèn)、連接、關(guān)系、時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、方式、程度、句子、承接 以下題型為摘錄的上海語(yǔ)法新題型練習(xí)題，但文章偏長(zhǎng)，謹(jǐn)供大家參考： 語(yǔ)法新題型一 Current research into the human gene system is helping us understand 1________people have predispositions（易患某病傾向） to certain diseases. 2________ (know) our genetic

10、 makeup can help us to judge whether or not we may 3__________(strike) by particular illness, such as cancer. Even before birth, we are able to do genetic screenings to determine what a childs genetic disorder will be. Scientists have already isolated and identified the genes responsible for the mor

11、e than 4,000 genetic diseases that affect human beings. The implications of this knowledge are 4__________(astonish). 5________ predicting genetic predisposition towards diseases, gene therapies may provide new treatments or cures for serious diseases. Millions of people already use genetically eng

12、ineered drugs to treat heart disease, cancer, AIDS, and strokes（中風(fēng)）. But with the research that 6__________(conduct) now, we may find cures to many more diseases. In the near future, genetic experimentation will also allow parents to select the traits of their children. Genetic traits that determine

13、 height, weight, eye and hair color will be able to be controlled, and many parents are excited about this potential. Many people, 7________ , are unwilling to accept the possibilities genetic research.. For example, one reason some women do not use the largest genetic testing for breast cancer is

14、because they are afraid they will be discriminated 8________. Another problem is that many people do not want to discover their weakness. What if they learn that they have a disease for which there are 9___________ medical cures? How will such knowledge affect their lives? Do people really want to k

15、now what they will die of? Many people believe that history has not always shown human decision-making to be bright 10__________ it comes to ethical（道德的）choices. Jeremy Rifkin is probably the most well known opponent of genetic engineering. He believes that humans are not responsible enough to expe

16、riment with genes and should not "play God" He asks, "Just because it can be done, does that mean it 11_________ be done?" He points out that our society will eventually look and act the same if parents select the traits of their children, and he questions the desirability of such 12__________ socie

17、ty. 語(yǔ)法新題型二 PARIS Paris, the capital and the largest city of the country, is in north central France. The Paris metropolitan area contains nearly 20% of the nation’s population and is the economic, cultural, and political center of France. The French government has historically favored the city 1

18、______ the site for all decision making, thus powerfully 2_______ (attract) nearly all of the nation’s activities. Paris has grown steadily 3________ it was chosen as the national capital in the late 10th century. With the introduction of the Industrial Revolution, a great number of people 4_______

19、_(move) to the city from the country during the 19th century. The migration was especially stimulated by the construction of railroads, 5_______ provided easy access 6_______ the capital. After World War II more and more immigrants arrived. The city is the centralized control point of most national

20、 radio and television broadcasting. It is a place of publication of the most prestigious (有威望的) newspapers and magazines and an international book publishing center. With more than 100 museums, Paris has truly one of the greatest concentrations of art treasures in the world. The Louvre, 7________ (o

21、pen) as a museum in 1793, is one of the largest museums in the world. In the late 1980s about 4.1 million pupils annually attended about 47,000 elementary schools, 8______ _______, about 5.4 million students attended some 11,200 secondary schools. Approximately 1.2 million students were enrolled an

22、nually at universities and colleges in France in the late 1980s. French centers of learning have served as academic models 9_________the world. Paris is the leading industrial center of France, with about one quarter of the nation’s manufacturing concentrated in the metropolitan area. Industries of

23、 consumer goods have always been drawn to Paris by the enormous market of the big population; and modern, high-technology industries also 10________(become) numerous since World War II. Chief manufactures are machinery, automobiles, chemicals and electrical equipment. 語(yǔ)法新題型三 姓名：___________ It happ

24、ened to me recently. I was telling someone how much I had enjoyed reading Barack Obama’s Dreams From My Father and 1)______ it had changed my views of our President. A friend I was talking to agreed with me that it was, in his words, “a brilliantly （精彩地）written book”. However, he then went on to tal

25、k about Mr. Obama in a way which suggested he had 2) ______ idea of his background at all. I sensed that I was talking to a book liar. And 3) ________ seems that my friend is not the only one. Approximately two thirds of people 4)__________(lie) about reading a book which they haven’t. In the World

26、 Book Day’s “Report on Guilty Secrets”, Dreams From My Father is at number 9. The report lists ten books, and various authors, 5) __________ people have lied about reading, and as I’m not one to lie too often (I’d hate to be caught out), I’ll admit here and now that I haven’t read the entire top ten

27、. 6)_________ I am pleased to say that, unlike 42 percent of people, I have read the book at number one, George Orwell’s 1984. I think it’s really brilliant. The World Book Day report also has some other interesting information in 7)_________. It says that many people lie about having read Jane Aus

28、ten, Charles Dickens, Fyodor Dostoevsky (I haven’t read him, but haven’t lied about it either). Asked 8)__________ they lied, the most common reason was to “impress” someone they were speaking to. This 9)________ be tricky if the conversation became more in–depth! But when asked which authors they

29、 actually enjoy, people named J. K. Rowling, John Grisham, Sophie Kinsella (ah, the big sellers, in other words). Forty-two percent of people asked admitted they turned to the back of the book to read the end 10)________ finishing the story (I’ll come clean: I do this and am astonished that 58 perce

30、nt said they had never done so). 語(yǔ)法新題型四 姓名：___________ Given that many peoples moods (情緒)are regulated by the chemical action of chocolate, 1)_________ was probably only a matter of time before somebody made the chocolate shop similar to a drugstore of Chinese medicine. 2)_________(look) like a se

31、tting from the film Charlie &the Chocolate Factory, Singapores Chocolate Research Facility (CRF) has over 100 varieties of chocolates. Its founder is Chris Lee who grew up at his parents comer store 3)________ one hand almost always in the jar of sweets. If the CRF seems to be a smart idea, thats 4

32、)__________ Lee is not merely a seasoned salesperson but also head of a marketing department that has business relations with big names 5)______ ______ Levis and Sony. That idea surely results in the imagination at work when it comes to making different flavored(味道)chocolates. The CRFs produce is "

33、green", 6)________(make) within the country and divided into 10 lines, with the Alcohol Series 7)________(be) the most popular. The Exotic Series一with Sichuan pepper, red bean (豆), cheese and other flavors一also does well and is fun to taste. And for chocolate fans，who think that they have a 8)______

34、(good) knowledge of chocolate than others, the Connoisseur Series uses cocoa beans from Togo, Cuba, Venezuela , and Ghana, among others. 語(yǔ)法新題型五 Tail Spin Two dolphins race around in a big pool in the Ocean Park. The 1)________(small) dolphin Grace, showed off a few of her tricks, turning around

35、 and waving hello to the crowd. The most amazing thing about her, 2)_________, is that she’s even swimming at all. She doesn’t have a tail. Grace lost her tail as a baby 3) _________ she got caught up in a fish trap. When the dolphin arrived at the Ocean Park in December 2005, she 4)__________(fi

36、ght) for her life. “Is she going to make it?” Her trainer, Abbey Stone, feared the worst. Grace did make 5)_________— but her tail didn’t. She ended up 6) ________(lose) her flukes and the lower part of her peduncle. Over the past six years, she has learned to swim 7)_________ her tail. Dolphins sw

37、im by moving their flukes and peduncle up and down. The movement put 8) _________(harm) pressure on Grace’s backbone. So a company offered to create a man-made tail for her. The tail 9) __________ be strong enough to stay on Grace as she swam but soft enough that it wouldn’t hurt her. The first tim

38、e Grace wore the artificial tail. She soon shook it off 10）________ let it sink in the bottom of the pool. Now, she is still learning to use the tail. Some days she wears it for an hour at a time, others not at all. “The tail isn’t necessary for her 11) __________(feel) comfortable,” says Stone, “bu

39、t it helps to keep that range of motion(動(dòng)作) and build muscles(肌肉).” Now, the dolphin is about to get an even happier ending. This month, Grace will star in Dolphin Tale, 12)________film that focuses on her rescue and recovery. Her progress has inspired more than just a new movie. Many people travel

40、 from near and far to meet her. Seeing Grace swim with her man-made tail gives people 13)______ much courage. 語(yǔ)法新題型六 Does Fame Drive You Crazy? Although being famous might sound like a dream come true, today’s star, feeling like zoo animals, face pressures that few of us 1) _______ imagine. They

41、 are at the center of much of the world’s attention. Paparazzi (狗仔隊(duì)) camp 2) _________ their homes, cameras ready. Tabloids (小報(bào)) publish 3) ___________(thrill) stories about their personal lives. Just imagine not being able to do anything 4) ___________ being photographed or interrupted for a signat

42、ure. According to psychologist Christina Villarreal, celebrities — famous people — worry constantly about 5) ________ public appearance. Eventually, they start to lose track of 6) ________ they really are, seeing themselves the way their fans imagine them, not as the people they were 7) _________ e

43、veryone knew their names. “Over time,” Villareal says, “they feel separated and alone.” The phenomenon of tracking celebrities 8) _________(be) around for ages. In the 4th century B.C., painters followed Alexander the Great into battle, 9) _________ (hope) to picture his victories for his admirers.

44、 When Charles Dickens visited America in the 19th century, his sold-out readings attracted thousands of fans, leading him 10) ____________(complain) about his lack of privacy. Being a public figure today, however, is a lot more difficult 11) ________ it used to be. Superstars cannot move about with

45、out worrying about photographers with modern cameras. 12) __________they say something silly or do something ridiculous, there is always the Internet to spread the news in minutes and keep their “story” alive forever. 新題型一 1) why 2) Knowing 3) be stricken 4) astonishing 5) Besides 6) is being co

46、nducted 7) however 8) against 9) no 10) when 11) should 12) a 新題型二 1) as 2) attracting 3) since 4) moved 5) which 6) to 7) opened 8) In addition 9）throughout 10）have become 新題型三 1) how 2) no 3) it 4) have lied 5) which 6) But 7) it 8) why 9) could/can 10) before 新題型四 1) it 2) Looking 3)

47、with 4) because 5) such as 6) made 7) being 8) better 新題型五 1) smaller 2) however 3) when 4) was fighting 5) it 6) losing 7) without 8) harmful 9) must/should 10) and 11) to feel 12) a 13) so 新題型 六 1）can 2) outside 3) thrilling 4) without 5) their 6) who 7) before 8) has been 9) hoping 10)

48、 to complain 11) than 12) When 2014年高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)篇型語(yǔ)法填空試題命題規(guī)律探討和考綱解析 語(yǔ)法填空簡(jiǎn)介 語(yǔ)法填空又稱之為開(kāi)放式語(yǔ)篇填空，這一題型的測(cè)試是根據(jù)德國(guó)心理學(xué)家的格式塔心理學(xué)原理和英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言學(xué)家布朗的語(yǔ)篇分析理論等，從語(yǔ)法的句子結(jié)構(gòu)與語(yǔ)法形式、詞匯的本義和轉(zhuǎn)義以及前后綴的變化、語(yǔ)境語(yǔ)篇的線索以及標(biāo)志詞等方面測(cè)試學(xué)生的整體語(yǔ)篇能力。 命題規(guī)律 高考英語(yǔ)完型填空是一種綜合英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言能力的測(cè)評(píng)方式，因?yàn)樵谕瓿烧Z(yǔ)篇英語(yǔ)完型測(cè)試文章時(shí)，考生必須讀懂文章的內(nèi)容，同時(shí)猜測(cè)缺失部分的單詞的意義，這樣在重新構(gòu)建語(yǔ)篇的過(guò)程中，考生必須運(yùn)用英語(yǔ)

49、語(yǔ)言文化、語(yǔ)篇分析、學(xué)習(xí)策略等各方面的能力來(lái)完成這一任務(wù)。顯然，完型填空考查的重點(diǎn)是考生分析、綜合、信息轉(zhuǎn)換等超出語(yǔ)言知識(shí)以外的語(yǔ)言應(yīng)用能力。 英語(yǔ)完型填空的形式很多，比較常見(jiàn)的有固定比率刪詞填空、可變比率刪詞填空、選擇式完型填空。 1 固定比率刪詞填空 這種方法又稱為第n個(gè)詞刪詞填空。n一般取系數(shù)5到10。如果系數(shù)取5，就是將第5, 10, 15, 20一字刪去。系數(shù)越小題目越難。如果n大于10，難度極小，測(cè)試的意義不大。在實(shí)際測(cè)試中，每隔5, 6, 7個(gè)字刪去一字的作法是目前完型填空中比較流行的一種做法。 2 變化比率刪詞填空 這種方法又稱為合理刪詞填空，是指根據(jù)考試目的，在需要

50、的地方刪詞。刪詞的位置不固定，既可測(cè)試語(yǔ)言知識(shí)，也可測(cè)試學(xué)生的閱讀能力，這類完型填空的質(zhì)量在很大程度上取決于空格的選擇。完型填空測(cè)試的是學(xué)生在語(yǔ)篇層面上的語(yǔ)言加工能力，因此在空格選擇上必須注意這一點(diǎn)。高質(zhì)量的完型填空在設(shè)計(jì)空格時(shí)就應(yīng)該選擇受長(zhǎng)段上下文制約的詞，這樣才能測(cè)出學(xué)生的閱讀理解能力和總體語(yǔ)言水平。否則，完型測(cè)試只能是形式上像完型填空，實(shí)際上是單句填空。 3 選擇式完型填空 這種方法是多項(xiàng)選擇題和合理刪詞完型填空題相結(jié)合的一種方法。 在目前我國(guó)的高考英語(yǔ)測(cè)試中，用得較多的有集庫(kù)式完型填空(即選詞填空)，和分題選擇式填空(即選擇式完型填空)，該類題型是在1953年被泰勒發(fā)明的。這種

51、考試題型旨在對(duì)學(xué)生考試閱讀能力的考查，而完形填空的文章一般具有結(jié)構(gòu)較為嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)、內(nèi)容較為生動(dòng)的特點(diǎn)。在高考英語(yǔ)的考試之中，完形填空的文章形式通常是記敘文或者帶有議論部分的記敘文。至于故事的內(nèi)容往往是講述一個(gè)故事，通過(guò)故事反映出一個(gè)教人做事的道理。一般來(lái)說(shuō)，完形填空文章的難度略低于閱讀理解題型中文章的難度，該題型在高考英語(yǔ)試卷中占有20分左右的分值，文章中大約有300詞左右。該類題目集中相似單詞的辨析、單詞的用法以及固定搭配、英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法以及對(duì)文章主旨整體的把握、聯(lián)系文章上下文對(duì)所填內(nèi)容進(jìn)行推測(cè)等方面的考查，因此，其難度相對(duì)較大，考生在此失分也相對(duì)較多。 4 語(yǔ)法填空來(lái)源 高考英語(yǔ)考試中語(yǔ)法填空是根

52、據(jù)變化比率刪詞填空改編而來(lái)的新題型，這種主觀型語(yǔ)篇語(yǔ)法填空，在語(yǔ)篇的情況下測(cè)試學(xué)生的英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn)（動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)、動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)態(tài)、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞、非謂語(yǔ)的不定式、非謂語(yǔ)的動(dòng)名詞、非謂語(yǔ)的分詞、形容詞或副詞、名詞從句、形容詞性從句、副詞性從句以及冠詞、介詞、代詞等）。該類題目主要考查學(xué)生對(duì)英語(yǔ)基礎(chǔ)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法點(diǎn)的綜合語(yǔ)篇應(yīng)用能力。 5 語(yǔ)法填空編特點(diǎn) 文章的首尾一、二句一般不留空格，至少應(yīng)該保證第一句的完整，以幫助學(xué)生進(jìn)入文章內(nèi)容，了解作者的寫(xiě)作風(fēng)格，便于后面的填空。 文章中的人名、地名等專有名詞，以及日期、數(shù)字等不能作為空格。因?yàn)檫@類信息如果只在文章中出現(xiàn)一次，學(xué)生無(wú)法根據(jù)語(yǔ)言線索或其他線索填出這些空格

53、。 語(yǔ)法填空不應(yīng)以學(xué)生常犯的語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤作為干擾項(xiàng)。因?yàn)檎Z(yǔ)法填空主要測(cè)試學(xué)生的語(yǔ)篇應(yīng)用能力，而將語(yǔ)法中的“偏”、“難” 、“怪”等編成干擾項(xiàng)與文章理解沒(méi)有直接關(guān)系，偏離了測(cè)試目標(biāo)。 6 語(yǔ)法填空的解題思路 在對(duì)題目進(jìn)行作答之前，要先對(duì)題干進(jìn)行詳細(xì)閱讀，檢查題目中是否有提示詞語(yǔ)存在，而后判斷出所填詞語(yǔ)在句子中所充當(dāng)?shù)木渥映煞?，例如，主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)等，最后根據(jù)其所充當(dāng)?shù)木渥映煞?，加之其所處句子的語(yǔ)態(tài)等，選擇詞語(yǔ)的正確形式。例如，動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞或者過(guò)去分詞，或者形容詞的比較或者最高級(jí)的使用等。 在句子中沒(méi)有提示詞或者標(biāo)志詞存在時(shí)，則要根據(jù)句子中所填詞語(yǔ)的位置，判斷所填詞語(yǔ)的詞性，例如，連接詞、定冠

54、詞或者不定冠詞、代詞或者介詞等。定冠詞以及不定冠詞的位置通常在名詞之前，起到對(duì)名詞進(jìn)行限制的作用。而代詞分成形容詞性以及名詞性代詞、指示或者不定代詞等。在運(yùn)用介詞的時(shí)候，往往考查固定搭配，其中包括動(dòng)詞、形容詞等與介詞的搭配。 語(yǔ)法填空的題目雖然難度相對(duì)較大，考查范圍相對(duì)較廣，考生失分現(xiàn)象較為嚴(yán)重，但是只要考生能夠清楚地了解這類題目語(yǔ)法的命題特點(diǎn)和命題規(guī)律，掌握答題的技巧，在備考的過(guò)程中有針對(duì)性地多加練習(xí)，熟練語(yǔ)法的運(yùn)用，及時(shí)對(duì)經(jīng)驗(yàn)進(jìn)行總結(jié)，加強(qiáng)在語(yǔ)篇情境下應(yīng)用能力，在考試中就能提高對(duì)語(yǔ)法填空的的準(zhǔn)確率，取得較為理想的成績(jī)。 第二節(jié) 大綱解析 一、語(yǔ)法填空的考試內(nèi)容和要求 根據(jù)《2014

55、全國(guó)普通高等學(xué)校招生統(tǒng)一考試英語(yǔ)科（上海卷）》以及《上海市中小學(xué)英語(yǔ)課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)（征求意見(jiàn)稿）》，確定語(yǔ)法考試內(nèi)容和要求如下： 1. 詞法 （1） 名詞 名詞復(fù)數(shù)的構(gòu)成、專有名詞、不可數(shù)名詞、名詞所有格 （2） 代詞 人稱代詞、物主代詞、指示代詞、不定代詞、疑問(wèn)代詞、反身代詞、it的用法 （3） 數(shù)詞 基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞 （4） 介詞 常用介詞和介詞短語(yǔ) （5） 形容詞和副詞 比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的構(gòu)成及基本用法、同級(jí)比較 （6） 冠詞 定冠詞和不定冠詞 （7） 連詞 并列連詞和從屬連詞 （8） 動(dòng)詞 ① 動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài) 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)、一般過(guò)去時(shí)、過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)、過(guò)去完成時(shí)

56、、一般將來(lái)時(shí)、過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)、將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)（只做理解要求） ② 動(dòng)詞語(yǔ)態(tài) 主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)（一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、一般過(guò)去時(shí)、一般將來(lái)時(shí)、過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)、過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)、過(guò)去完成時(shí)、過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)、帶情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)） ③ 動(dòng)詞語(yǔ)氣 陳述語(yǔ)氣、祈使語(yǔ)氣、虛擬語(yǔ)氣（只做理解要求） ④ 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 分詞（否定式、完成式、被動(dòng)式；作定語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)） 動(dòng)名詞 （否定式、完成式、被動(dòng)式、復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)；作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)） 不定式（否定式、進(jìn)行式、完成式、被動(dòng)式、與疑問(wèn)詞連用；作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)） ⑤ 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和助動(dòng)詞 2. 句法

57、 （1） 句子種類 陳述句、疑問(wèn)句、祈使句、感嘆句 （2） 句子類型 簡(jiǎn)單句、并列句、復(fù)合句（狀語(yǔ)從句、定語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句、主語(yǔ)從句、同位語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句） （3） 倒裝句 倒裝分為全部倒裝和部分倒裝。全部倒裝：提前部分+謂語(yǔ)+主語(yǔ)；部分倒裝：提前部分+助動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞。測(cè)試中經(jīng)常使用的倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)要熟練的掌握和運(yùn)用。 全部倒裝常用的四種情況： ① 表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)或方位的副詞位于句首； ② 表示時(shí)間或地點(diǎn)的介詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)位于句首； ③ 某些表語(yǔ)位于句首； ④ so、neither、nor開(kāi)頭的句子。 部分倒裝常用的六種情況： ① 某些否定詞或半否詞位于句首，如hardly,

58、 seldom, r arely, no, not, never, nowhere, no longer, litter, in no time, under no circumstances, in no way, on no account, by no means, in no case; ② Only+(時(shí)間副詞/介詞短語(yǔ)/狀語(yǔ)從句）+倒裝句式； ③ Not until+句子（陳述句語(yǔ)序）/時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)+倒裝句式； ④ Not only+倒裝句式+but(also)+陳述句語(yǔ)序； ⑤ Hardly/No sooner+倒裝句式(過(guò)去完成時(shí)）+when/than+陳述句語(yǔ)序(過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)

59、）； ⑥ So/Such...+倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)+that+句子（陳述句語(yǔ)序） （4） 強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu) 語(yǔ)法填空專題訓(xùn)練 2007年高考廣東卷新題型---語(yǔ)法填空主要考查學(xué)生對(duì)語(yǔ)法理解的能力及分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)的能力。從2007年廣東省高考的語(yǔ)法填空得分率來(lái)看，語(yǔ)法填空題仍然成為學(xué)生增分的考題。做好語(yǔ)法填空題對(duì)學(xué)生的英語(yǔ)總分有很大的幫助。 一、語(yǔ)法填空主要考查能力： ■語(yǔ)篇理解能力。 ■語(yǔ)法分析能力。 二、語(yǔ)法填空主要考查的語(yǔ)法單位： 動(dòng)詞 從句 形容詞 冠詞 代詞 數(shù)詞 介詞 副詞 詞形變化 謂語(yǔ)/非謂語(yǔ) 名詞性從句/定語(yǔ)從句/狀語(yǔ)從句 原級(jí) 比較級(jí) 最高

60、級(jí) a/an/the 人稱代詞 物主代詞 不定代詞等 基數(shù)詞 序數(shù)詞 固定搭配 關(guān)聯(lián) 副詞 名詞、動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞間轉(zhuǎn)換 三、語(yǔ)法填空說(shuō)明： 閱讀下面短文，按照句子結(jié)構(gòu)的語(yǔ)法性和上下文連貫的要求，在空格處填入一個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)脑~或使用括號(hào)中詞語(yǔ)的正確形式填空，并將答案填寫(xiě)在答題卡標(biāo)號(hào)為31-40的相應(yīng)位置上。 四、語(yǔ)法填空的解題思路： ■語(yǔ)篇：文體、時(shí)態(tài)及人稱；文章大意；首句信息。 ■語(yǔ)境：上下文的聯(lián)系。 ■語(yǔ)法：句子的構(gòu)成成分（句子的基本成分和擴(kuò)張成分）；句子成分間的一致性（主謂一致、時(shí)態(tài)一致等）；句子的篇章制約；句子的意義制約。 五、語(yǔ)法填空的解題步驟： 1)

61、 整體理解文章主旨，把握語(yǔ)篇特征 2) 動(dòng)腦思考，合理分析句子結(jié)構(gòu) 3) 根據(jù)篇、句意思，推敲用詞形式 4) 通篇重讀，保證語(yǔ)意貫通 六、語(yǔ)法填空分步練習(xí)： 語(yǔ)篇：文體、時(shí)態(tài)及人稱；文章大意；首句信息。 例：Thirteen-year-old Andrew will never forget that Saturday. He was relaxing on his family’s sofa with his sister, Susan. Suddenly the heater exploded. His sister, who was unhurt, managed to pu

62、ll ______ away from the fire while his mum dialed for an ambulance. （2006年廣州市高三英語(yǔ)水平測(cè)試）1 him 語(yǔ)境：上下文的聯(lián)系。 例：1）Friday—the thirteenth has long been considered extremely unfortunate. According to the Bible, the Lord God created the ______ man , Adam. Then he took a rib (肋骨) from Adam’s body and out of

63、it created the first woman, Eve……(first) 2) …. There are also other benefits. One wants to meet like-minded collectors, to get advice, to compare notes, ________(exchange) articles, to show off the latest find. …..(to exchange) 3) ….Now, more and more people have begun to realize the danger of smo

64、king. The total amount of world tobacco production has dropped _______ 14 billion pounds in 1990 ______ 7 billion pounds in 1999…..(from; to) 4) …there was a note in it that said: “ I apologized for taking your car. My wife was having a baby and I had to send her to the ________ as soon as possible

65、.......(hospital) 5) The government wants people to give up smoking, ____ the tobacco companies want to encourage more young people to start smoking _______ they want to make more money from tobacco sales. (but ; because ) 語(yǔ)法：句子的構(gòu)成成分（句子的基本成分和擴(kuò)張成分）；句子成分間的一致性（主謂一致、時(shí)態(tài)一致等）；句子的篇章制約；句子的意義制約。 例：1）After

66、 a couple of weeks, he ______ (allow) to go home but had to spend the next six weeks in a wheelchair. （2006年廣州市高三英語(yǔ)水平測(cè)試） 2) We must also consider the reaction of the person ______ (receive) the gift.( 07廣州市一模) 3) The first bowling place _____ (build) inside a building opened in England in 1455. (built) 4) Then I wen