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2019-2020年高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí) 第一部分 基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)聚焦 Unit 2 Healthy eating習(xí)題 新人教版必修3 Ⅰ.閱讀理解 (xx沈陽一模) Being physically active three times a week reduces the odds of being depressed by about 16%, according to new UCL research carried out as part of the Public Health Research Centre. The study, published in JAMA Psychiatry, found a twoway relationship between depression and physical activity. People who increased their weekly activity were reported to have fewer depressive symptoms but those with more depressive symptoms were less active, particularly at younger ages. Researchers followed 11,135 people born in 1958 up until the age of 50, recording depressive symptoms and levels of physical activity at regular intervals in adulthood. They found that each additional activity period per week reduced odds of depression by 6%. In England 19% of men and 26% of women are currently classed as “inactive”， and this study suggests that activity could significantly improve their mental as well as physical health. “Assuming the association is causal, physical activity has a protective effect against depression. If an adult between his twenties and forties who isnt physically active became active 3 times per week, he would reduce his risks of depression by about 16%，” said Dr Snehal of the UCL Institute of Child Health, lead author of the study. Professor Mark, Director of the Public Health Research Centre, said: “Many people are already aware of the benefits of physical activity on their general health, but now we are seeing more evidence that suggests it also has a positive effect on a persons mental wellbeing. The latest research highlights just how important it is to ensure that people are working and living in environments that allow them to be both physically active and mentally healthy.” 文章大意：最新研究表明，增加每周鍛煉身體的次數(shù)，能降低人們患上抑郁癥的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。 1．The underlined word “odds” in Paragraph 1 probably means “________”． A．benefits　　　　　　　　　　 B．intervals C．risks D．a(chǎn)ges 答案：C　詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第四段中的“If an adult between his twenties and forties who isnt physically active became active 3 times per week, he would reduce his risks of depression by about 16%”可知，人們每周鍛煉三次，能讓患抑郁癥的可能性降低大約16%。由此可推斷出，odds和risks的意思一樣，故C項(xiàng)正確。 2．According to the second paragraph, if people increase their weekly activity, ________. A．their depressive symptoms will be fewer B．their depressive symptoms will be more C．they will bee much younger D．they will bee more depressive 答案：A　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“People who increased their weekly activity were reported to have fewer depressive symptoms”可知，如果人們增加他們每周鍛煉的次數(shù)，就會(huì)有較少的抑郁癥狀，故A項(xiàng)正確。 3．Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage? A．Dr Snehal thinks it is important to be both physically and mentally healthy. B．The research shows men are more active in physical activity than women. C．Adults who insist on physical activity will avoid depression pletely. D．Increasing physical activity can free people from depression in a way. 答案：D　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中的“Being physically active three times a week reduces the odds of being depressed by about 16%”可推知，增加鍛煉身體的次數(shù)在某種程度上能降低抑郁癥的可能性，故D項(xiàng)正確。 4．What is the authors purpose in writing the passage? A．To tell us a fun story about how to protect us against depression. B．To introduce a research on the link between physical activity and depression. C．To persuade readers to increase their weekly activity. D．To describe the disadvantages of physical activity. 答案：B　寫作意圖題。本文主要向讀者介紹了一項(xiàng)科學(xué)研究成果，這份研究介紹了身體鍛煉和抑郁癥之間的聯(lián)系，故B項(xiàng)正確。 Ⅱ.完形填空 (xx長春市質(zhì)量檢測二) Since I was 12 years old, Ive suffered from a condition called pulsive Hair Pulling(強(qiáng)迫性拔毛癥). The physical destruction was severe, but the emotional __1__ was worse. When I was young, no one, __2__ my doctor, knew how to help me. I was alone. Growing up, I didnt __3__ anywhere and I suffered great shame knowing Id brought this __4__ upon myself. My hands seemed to have a __5__ of their own. “Whats wrong with me，” Id often wonder. Sometimes, people asked about my __6__ of eyelashes(眼睫毛) and eyebrows. I was lonely, but I kept people at a distance. However, each night, __7__ I fell asleep, Id pray for wisdom, and for God to send someone who __8__. Then when I was 25, I read a letter from a mom whose child suffered from the same illness. I could __9__ believe my eyes. After all these years, I discovered, I was not __10__. At that moment, my journey for __11__ began. I took small __12__ at first—telling only a few friends. Some of them tried to understand. Then, they began to __13__ their secrets with me. I learned to see __14__ the way God saw me, someone __15__ love. One day, my __16__ happened. A friend called with wonderful news. She just met a woman with pulsive Hair Pulling—someone just like me. She gave me her phone number. I was __17__. I quickly dialed, and from the minute Christina answered, we began to chat like old friends, both thrilled to find someone who understood our pain. We __18__ to meet soon, only to find we lived only two blocks away.We immediately__19__ our phones, and in the dark of night, ran outside to the nearby parks in our pajamas, __20__ we hugged, cried and talked for hours. I felt Id just met my long lost twin, someone who understood my pain and struggles. 文章大意：本文是夾敘夾議文章。作者通過自己與強(qiáng)迫性拔毛癥作斗爭感到很孤獨(dú)，在朋友的幫助下找到具有同樣病癥的朋友，從而感覺到有朋友的溫暖。 1．A.conflict B．threat C．damage D．puzzle 答案：C　本空考查名詞基本含義的辨析。conflict沖突；threat恐懼；damage毀壞，傷害；puzzle迷惑。上文提到身體上的傷害嚴(yán)重，那么本句應(yīng)該說情感上的傷害更嚴(yán)重。故選C。 2．A.including B．except C．beyond D．but 答案：A　本空考查介詞基本含義的辨析。including包括；except除……以外；beyond超越，在……的那邊；but除……之外。包括醫(yī)生在內(nèi)，沒人知道如何幫助我。故選A。 3．A.belong to B．fit in C．e up D．fall over 答案：B　本空考查動(dòng)詞短語基本含義的辨析。語意：我在哪兒都不適應(yīng)。fit in適應(yīng)；belong to屬于，后應(yīng)接名詞或代詞；e up走上前，問題被提出，發(fā)芽；fall over絆倒。故選B。 4．A.shyness B．pain C．a(chǎn)nger D．tiredness 答案：B　本空考查名詞基本含義的辨析。shyness害羞；pain痛苦；anger生氣；tiredness疲勞。語意：知道是我自己給自己帶來的痛苦，我感到極大的羞愧。故選B。 5．A.decision B．solution C．mind D．conclusion 答案：C　本空考查名詞基本含義的辨析。decision決定；solution解決辦法；mind想法；conclusion結(jié)論。前文說作者自己給自己造成痛苦，可知作者不能控制自己的手，因而“我的手好像有自己的思想”。故選C。 6．A.color B．shape C．recovery D．lack 答案：D　本空考查名詞基本含義的辨析。color顏色；shape形狀；recovery康復(fù)；lack缺少。語意：人們詢問我沒有眼睫毛和眉毛是怎么回事。故選D。 7．A.after B．before C．if D．whether 答案：B　本空考查連詞基本含義的辨析。after在……之后；before在……之前；if如果，是否；whether是否，盡管。語意：每晚睡覺前，我向上帝祈禱。故選B。 8．A.understood B．missed C．thought D．listened 答案：A　本空考查動(dòng)詞基本含義的辨析。understood理解；missed錯(cuò)過；thought認(rèn)為；listened聽。后文多次提到作者期待著別人真正理解自己的痛苦。故選A。 9．A.never B．hardly C．seldom D．rarely 答案：B　本空考查副詞基本含義的辨析。never從不；hardly幾乎不，簡直不；seldom很少，不常；rarely幾乎沒有。語意：我?guī)缀醪桓蚁嘈抛约旱难劬Α９蔬xB。 10．A.ill B．weak C．sad D．a(chǎn)lone 答案：D　本空考查形容詞基本含義的辨析。ill生病的；weak虛弱的；sad悲傷的；alone單獨(dú)的。全文的線索就是“并不是我一個(gè)人是這樣的”，作者以前一直感到?jīng)]人理解自己的狀況，現(xiàn)在終于發(fā)現(xiàn)有人跟她患有同樣的疾病。故選D。 11．A.healing B．praying C．searching D．longing 答案：A　本空考查動(dòng)詞基本含義的辨析。healing痊愈；praying祈禱；searching搜索；longing想要。根據(jù)上題，作者開始了心靈治愈之旅。下文中作者向朋友傾訴等做法表明了這一點(diǎn)。故選A。 12．A.efforts B．suggestion C．steps D．walks 答案：C　本空考查名詞基本含義的辨析。efforts努力；suggestion建議；steps步驟，措施；walks步行。語意：我一開始是采取小步驟——只告訴幾個(gè)朋友。故選C。 13．A.share B．betray C．sell D．keep 答案：A　本空考查動(dòng)詞基本含義的辨析。share分享；betray背叛；sell出售；keep保持。語意：之后，他們開始跟我分享他們的秘密。故選A。 14．A.them B．everyone C．a(chǎn)nyone D．myself 答案：D　本空考查代詞基本含義的辨析。我開始了心靈治愈之旅，學(xué)會(huì)了以上帝看待我的方式看待我自己，我是一個(gè)值得愛的人。暗示作者接受現(xiàn)實(shí)、面對現(xiàn)實(shí)。故選D。 15．A.wasting B．deserving C．giving D．refusing 答案：B　本空考查動(dòng)詞基本含義的辨析。wasting浪費(fèi)；deserving值得；giving給予；refusing拒絕。見上題分析。選項(xiàng)C意為作者想要給予及付出愛，與前文矛盾，第二段最后一句表明作者一直渴望愛，并不是給予愛。故選B。 16．A.illness B．symptom C．prediction D．miracle 答案：D　本空考查名詞基本含義的辨析。illness疾?。籹ymptom癥狀；prediction預(yù)計(jì)；miracle奇跡。下文中作者找到了跟自己患有同樣疾病的人，并能面對面傾訴心聲，可見奇跡發(fā)生了。故選D。 17．A.peaceful B．surprised C．overjoyed D．cold 答案：C　本空考查形容詞基本含義的辨析。peaceful和平的；surprised吃驚的；overjoyed過度高興的；cold冷的。作者終于找到了能夠真正理解自己的人，當(dāng)然是欣喜若狂。下文中快速撥打電話號(hào)碼也提示了這一點(diǎn)。故選C。 18．A.went B．ran C．planned D．imagined 答案：C　本空考查動(dòng)詞基本含義的辨析。went去；ran跑；planned計(jì)劃；imagined想象。電話里聊過之后，兩人計(jì)劃著要很快見面。故選C。 19．A.dialed B．exchanged C．fell D．dropped 答案：D　本空考查動(dòng)詞基本含義的辨析。dialed撥打；exchanged交換；fell摔倒，下落；dropped放下。語意：我們立刻放下電話，在黑夜中跑去見對方。故選D。 20．A.where B．when C．how D．why 答案：A　本空考查定語從句引導(dǎo)詞的用法?？蘸蟮亩ㄕZ從句中缺少地點(diǎn)狀語。語意：在公園里我們相擁而泣，交談甚歡。 故選A。 Ⅲ.語法填空 閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容(1個(gè)單詞)或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。 (xx山西省太原市二模) What should you do if you are not able to sleep? The best thing is to try to avoid bad habits. __1__ you always go to bed and get up at about the same time, this sets a __2__(health) rhythm in your life. Dont drink caffeine drinks in the evening. Smoking and alcohol can also keep you awake. You may have trouble __3__(sleep) if you have a heavy meal just before you go to bed. You may also find it difficult __4__(get) to sleep if you have a problem or something else on your mind. This is __5__ you need to relax. As you lie in bed, tense the muscles in your feet and then relax __6__. Continue up the body, tensing and relaxing the muscles until you reach the head. Start with the feet again if you are still tense. If you __7__(think) about a problem or about something exciting that is going to happen the next day, get up and write about it. That will help to take it off your mind. You can also get up and read, but be sure to choose __8__ book that is not too difficult. __9__， you may get so interested that you wont want to go to sleep even when you feel sleepy. Sleep well! Sweet __10__(dream)! 1．______ 2.______ 3.______ 4.______ 5.______ 6．______ 7.______ 8.______ 9.______ 10.______ 文章大意：這篇文章主要敘述了當(dāng)你失眠時(shí)應(yīng)該怎么辦。 1．命題立意：考查狀語從句。 答案：If　根據(jù)主從句之間的關(guān)系，前者是后分句的條件。判斷填I(lǐng)f。 2．命題立意：考查形容詞。 答案：healthy　根據(jù)空后是名詞，應(yīng)用形容詞修飾名詞。故填healthy。 3．命題立意：考查固定句型。 答案：sleeping　根據(jù)句型have trouble doing sth.做某事有困難。故填sleeping。 4．命題立意：考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。 答案：to get　根據(jù)句型find it ＋ 形容詞 ＋ to do sth.判斷填不定式，故填to get。 5．命題立意：考查表語從句。 答案：when　空后的表語從句中缺少時(shí)間狀語。因此答案填when。 6．命題立意：考查代詞。 答案：them　根據(jù)前文的feet判斷。故填them。 7．命題立意：考查時(shí)態(tài)。 答案：are thinking/think　根據(jù)空后的is going on和整個(gè)語境應(yīng)填一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或進(jìn)行時(shí)。故填are thinking/think。 8．命題立意：考查冠詞。 答案：a　根據(jù)此處泛指一本不太難的書?？芍頰。 9．命題立意：考查連詞。 答案：Otherwise　根據(jù)前后文之間的關(guān)系，“否則”故填Otherwise。 10．命題立意：考查名詞。 答案：dreams　根據(jù)dream是可數(shù)名詞，空前無限定詞，應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式，故填dreams。 Ⅳ.短文改錯(cuò) 假定英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請你修改你同桌寫的以下作文。文中共有10處錯(cuò)誤，每句中最多有兩處。錯(cuò)誤涉及一個(gè)單詞的增加，刪除或修改。 增加：在缺詞處加一個(gè)漏字符號(hào)(∧)，并在其下面寫出該加的詞。 刪除：把多余的詞用(\)劃掉。 修改：在錯(cuò)的詞下畫一橫線，并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。 注意：1.每處錯(cuò)誤及其修改均僅限一詞； 2. 只允許修改10處，多者(從第11處起)不計(jì)分。 (xx寧波模擬) There is a belief that good habits result from resisting temptation. Enough examples can be found to illustrate the point of view. To begin with, eat more fruit and vegetables and less meat is a wonderful healthy habit. Of course, you would have to refuse a variety of delicious snack and junk food. Also excellent habit of reading classic literature in a regular basis is another case in point. But you would definitely have to spend more time on your favorite TV programs or fascinating puter games. Developing good habits, without any doubt, involve great perseverance and determination to stand against various temptations around us. It is not easy to do so. However, as we all know it, good habits are benefit to our lives and learning. Therefore, as far as Im concerned, its worth to develop great habits at the cost of resisting temptation. 答案： There is a belief that good habits result from resisting temptation. Enough examples can be found to illustrate the point of view. To begin with, more fruit and vegetables less meat is a wonderful healthy habit. Of coures, you would have to refuse a variety of delicious and junk food. Also excellent habit of reading classic literature a regular basis is another case in point. But you would definitely have to spend time on your favorite TV programs or fascinating puter games. Developing good habits, without any doubt, great perseverance and determination to stand against various temptations around us. It is not easy to do so. However, as we all know it, good habits are to our lives and learning. Therefore, as far as Im concerned, its to develop great habits at the cost of resisting temptation. 1．命題立意：考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。 解析：eat→eating。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知此處應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞的ing形式作主語。 2．命題立意：考查連詞。 解析：and→but。根據(jù)上下文語境可知這里表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。 3．命題立意：考查名詞單復(fù)數(shù) 解析：snack→snacks。snack前有a variety of修飾，應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 4．命題立意：考查冠詞。 解析：excellent前加an/the。habit為可數(shù)名詞，根據(jù)上下文語境可知這里應(yīng)該用單數(shù)，故excellent前加an/the。 5．命題立意：考查介詞。 解析：in→on。on a regular basis是固定短語，意思是“定期地，經(jīng)常地”。 6．命題立意：考查形容詞比較級(jí)。 解析：more→less。根據(jù)上下文語境可知這里指的是更少的時(shí)間。 7．命題立意：考查主謂一致。 解析：involve→involves。動(dòng)名詞作主語，謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用單數(shù)。 8．命題立意：考查非限制性定語從句。 解析：刪去know后的it。as we all know是非限制性定語從句，as作know的賓語，故刪去it。 9．命題立意：考查系表結(jié)構(gòu)。 解析：benefit→beneficial。be beneficial to...意思是“有益于……”。 10．命題立意：考查形容詞。 解析：worth→worthwhile。此處考查it is worthwhile to do sth.這一句型。