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1、九 種 成 分 成分概念典型充當(dāng)詞類例句1主語句子要說明的人或事物名詞、代詞Tom /H e works hard.2謂語說明主語的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，即主語是什么、干什么動(dòng)詞My ambition is to become a scientist.I love you.3謂語動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作對(duì)象或動(dòng)作的承受者；介詞后名詞、代詞Mary told me a story.H e goes to school by bus every day. 成分概念典型充當(dāng)詞類例句4定語修飾或限制名詞或代詞的詞、詞組或從句形容詞Jim /She told me an interesting story.I have som

2、ething interesting to tell you. 成分概念典型充當(dāng)詞類例句5狀語修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或全句，說明地點(diǎn)、時(shí)間、原因、目的、結(jié)果、條件、方向、程度、方式和伴隨狀況等副詞H e can speak English fluently.(修飾動(dòng)詞)The suitcase is surprisingly light.(修飾形容詞)I go jogging fairly regularly.(修飾另一副詞)Surprisingly, he agreed straight away.(修飾全句) 成分概念典型充當(dāng)詞類例句6補(bǔ)語補(bǔ)充說明賓語或主語形容詞Well make our

3、 school more beautiful.The room was empty.7表語位于系動(dòng)詞之后且與系動(dòng)詞一起構(gòu)成謂語,表示主語的性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)和特征形容詞H e is asleep.H er voice sounds sweet. The match became very exciting. 成分概念典型充當(dāng)詞類例句8同位語具有相同語法地位且描述同一人或事的兩個(gè)名詞或代詞(詞組)名詞Mr Li, our English teacher, is kind to us.代詞H elping others is a habit, one you can learn.從句We are glad

4、 at the news that he will come. 成分概念典型充當(dāng)詞類例句9插入語插入句中的獨(dú)立語，不作句子的何種成分，用于補(bǔ)充說話者的態(tài)度、引起聽話者的注意，或使前后銜接短 句That, I think, would be a great advantage. I cant attend your lecture, Im afraid.不定式To tell you the truth, I hate to do it. 成分概念典型充當(dāng)詞類例句9插入語插入句中的獨(dú)立語，不作句子的何種成分，用于補(bǔ)充說話者的態(tài)度、引起聽話者的注意，或使前后銜接分 詞G enerally speak

5、ing, we enjoyed the trip.介 詞短 語In short, we should stop halfway.形容詞Worse still, we got lost in the dark.副 詞I cant go. To begin with, its too cold. Besides, Ive no money. 由上表可以看出：句子成分與詞性的關(guān)系，主要有：1. 作主語或賓語用名詞或代詞。2. 作謂語用動(dòng)詞。4. 作狀語用副詞(修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、介詞短語或全句)。3. 作定語(修飾名詞)、表語、補(bǔ)語，用形容詞以上四條是解答語法填空和短文改錯(cuò)的必備基礎(chǔ)，請(qǐng)反復(fù)朗讀表中例

6、句，仔細(xì)體會(huì)這四條。 三點(diǎn)建議：1. 在學(xué)習(xí)和理解句子時(shí)，可以將take care of(照顧), have a discussion of(討論), get some knowledge of(了解)等短語動(dòng)詞看作一個(gè)整體，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)及物動(dòng)詞；將a wide variety of (多種多樣的), all kinds of(各種各樣的)等當(dāng)作一個(gè)整體，相當(dāng)于短語形容詞，在名詞前作定語。2. 我們?cè)陂喿x中要善于抓住句子的主干，即主謂賓，先理解主干，再理解句子的次要成分，這是理解長(zhǎng)難句的基礎(chǔ)。 3. 劃分句子的目的是為了理解或?qū)懗稣_的句子，但如果你一看就知道句子的大意了，那就不必再去考究某個(gè)部

7、分到底是作什么句子成分了，以免本末倒置；一旦某個(gè)或某些地道的英語句子背熟了，你只需仿照這些句子去說去寫就行了，也不必考究，到底為什么是這樣，某個(gè)部分是什么句子成分，使自己陷入學(xué)習(xí)的怪圈，也害苦自己。 請(qǐng)指出下列各句的句子成分，定語直接用( )括起來。1. We learned them at a young age. We (主語) learned (謂語) them (賓語) at a young age(狀語). 2. I will help you read and understand the selected poems. I (主語) will help (謂語) you (賓語)

8、 read and understand the selected poems(賓補(bǔ)). 3. The museum is on the Yellow River Road.The museum (主語) is (系動(dòng)詞) on the Yellow River Road(表語). 4. We can meet at the bus stop outside the school gate at 9 am. We (主語) can meet (謂語) at the bus stop outside the school gate (地點(diǎn)狀語) at 9 am (時(shí) 間狀語). 5. The C

9、hinese paper-cutting art exhibition offers us a wide variety of traditional and modern Chinese paper-cutting) works by famous local folk artists. (The Chinese paper-cutting art) exhibition (主語) offers (謂語) us (間接賓語) (a wide variety of traditional and modern Chinese paper-cutting)works (直接賓語) (by famous local folk artists). Thank you !