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2019-2020年高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí) 第一部分 微專題強(qiáng)化練 一 語法必備10 名詞性從句 一、單句填空 1．(xx北京，33改編)I truly believe________beauty es from within. 答案：that　考查名詞性從句引導(dǎo)詞。從句部分不缺少任何成分也不缺意思。因此用只起連接作用的that。 2．(xx陜西，19改編)Reading her biography，I was lost in admiration for ________Doris Lessing had achieved in literature. 答案：what　考查賓語從句中引導(dǎo)詞的選擇。分析語境可知，此處是介詞for后接了賓語從句。從句中缺少achieved的賓語，故要用what來引導(dǎo)。句意：讀她的傳記，我對多麗絲萊辛在文學(xué)上所取得的成就欽佩不已。 3．(xx安徽，25改編)A ship in harbor is safe，but thats not ________ ships are built for. 答案：what　what引導(dǎo)表語從句，在從句中作介詞for的賓語。句意：船停泊在港口里是安全的，但那可不是造船的目的。 4．(xx浙江，6改編)If you swim in a river or lake，be sure to investigate ________ is below the water surface.Often there are rocks or branches hidden in the water. 答案：what　investigate后面是賓語從句，從句中缺主語，故用what。句意：如果你在河里或湖里游泳，一定要調(diào)查一下水面下的東西。經(jīng)常會有石頭或樹枝藏在水中。 5．(xx湖南，26改編)You have to know ________ youre going if you are to plan the best way of getting there. 答案：where　本題考查賓語從句的引導(dǎo)詞。You have to know后面是一個(gè)賓語從句，________ youre going if you are to plan the best way of getting there是一個(gè)完整的句子，應(yīng)用連接副詞where來引導(dǎo)從句。句意：如果你要計(jì)劃去那里的最佳方案，你必須知道你要去哪里。 6．(xx重慶，8改編)We must find out ______ Karl is ing，so we can book a room for him. 答案：when　考查賓語從句。find out后面接一個(gè)賓語從句，根據(jù)句意應(yīng)用when。句意：我們必須弄明白Karl什么時(shí)候來，這樣我們才能給他預(yù)訂房間。 7．(xx福建，29改編)—I wonder ________ Mary has kept her figure after all these years. —By working out every day. 答案：how　句意為：——我想知道瑪麗這么多年是如何保持良好的身材的?！刻靾?jiān)持鍛煉。wonder后是賓語從句，根據(jù)答語中的by可知第一句就方式提問，故填how，意為“如何，怎樣”。 8．(xx浙江杭州一模改編)We know from the survey on cigarettes ________ warning messages on product containers and in ads can affect consumption of potentially dangerous products. 答案：that　句意為：我們從關(guān)于香煙的調(diào)查了解到，在產(chǎn)品包裝盒上和廣告中的警告信息能夠影響潛在的危險(xiǎn)產(chǎn)品的消費(fèi)。know后的賓語從句結(jié)構(gòu)完整，因此用從屬連詞that引導(dǎo)。 9．(xx湖南長郡中學(xué)月考改編)Following the decline in house prices in many small and mediumsized cities, there are now signs ________ house prices in major cities may also be set for a slide. 答案：that　句意為：隨著中小型城市房價(jià)的下跌，現(xiàn)在有跡象表明在大城市房價(jià)也可能有下滑的趨勢。signs后是同位語從句，從句結(jié)構(gòu)和意義完整，用從屬連詞that引導(dǎo)。 10．(xx重慶一中檢測改編)Tens of thousands of people marched to the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial, celebrating the 50th anniversary of Kings famous speech, through which we know ________ he said meant to the black. 答案：what　句意為：數(shù)以萬計(jì)的人奔向馬丁路德金紀(jì)念碑，慶祝他的那次著名的演講發(fā)表50周年。通過這個(gè)演講，我們知道他所說的對于黑人的意義。設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)賓語從句，并在從句中作賓語，指“他所說的話”，故填what。 11．(xx浙江溫州十校聯(lián)考改編)New plans for the college entrance examination in Zhejiang are ________ students have to be tested on Chinese, math, English and another three subjects as they prefer. 答案：that　句意為：浙江的高考新計(jì)劃是考生必須參加語文、數(shù)學(xué)、英語和他們喜歡的其他三科的考試。設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)表語從句，從句中不缺成分和意義，故用that引導(dǎo)。 12．(xx天津十二區(qū)縣聯(lián)考改編)There is a strong possibility ________ man will mainly depend on solar energy in the future. 答案：that　句意為：人類在將來主要依靠太陽能是非常有可能的。設(shè)空后的從句句子結(jié)構(gòu)完整，不缺少成分，且是對possibility的進(jìn)一步解釋、說明，故設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)同位語從句，故填that。 13．(xx湖南，24改編)As John Lennon once said, life is ________ happens to you while you are busy making other plans. 答案：what　句意為：正如約翰列儂曾經(jīng)所說，生活就是在你忙于制訂其他計(jì)劃的時(shí)候發(fā)生在你身上的事情。設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)表語從句并在從句中充當(dāng)主語，故填what。 14．(xx陜西，15改編)________ the delayed flight will take off depends much on the weather. 答案：When　句意為：延誤的航班將何時(shí)起飛主要取決于天氣。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，depends much on是句子的謂語，________ the delayed flight will take off是句子的主語，設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)主語從句。根據(jù)句意，設(shè)空處在主語從句中作時(shí)間狀語，故填when。 15．(xx福建，34改編)Pick yourself up. Courage is doing ________ youre afraid to do. 答案：what/whatever/anything　句意為：振作起來，勇氣就是去做(任何)你害怕做的事。分析題干可知，doing后為賓語從句，設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)賓語從句，在從句中作賓語且表物。也可填anything。 16．(xx安徽合肥教學(xué)質(zhì)檢改編)The bride and groom gave ________ attended their wedding some gifts to share their happiness. 答案：whoever　句意為：新娘和新郎給每個(gè)參加他們婚禮的人都送了禮物，來分享他們的幸福。設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)賓語從句，在從句中作主語，意思是“凡是……的人”，相當(dāng)于anyone who，故用whoever。 17．(xx四川成都二診改編)I couldnt imagine ________difficult it was for these badly injured victims to make it to the hospital. 答案：how　句意為：我無法想象這些嚴(yán)重受傷的受害者能成功到達(dá)醫(yī)院該有多么困難。設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)賓語從句，空后是形容詞difficult，應(yīng)該用how修飾，how difficult it was意為“這是多么困難”。 18．(xx四川，2改編)Grandma pointed to the hospital and said, “Thats ______ I was born.” 答案：where　句意為：“那就是我出生的地方，”奶奶指著那家醫(yī)院對我說。前面提到了醫(yī)院，所以設(shè)空處應(yīng)該是表地點(diǎn)，故用where引導(dǎo)該表語從句，并在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語。 19．(xx北京，33改編)Some people believe______has happened before or is happening now will repeat itself in the future. 答案：whatever　句意為：一些人認(rèn)為，無論是曾經(jīng)發(fā)生過的事情還是現(xiàn)在正在發(fā)生的事情，都會在將來重演。從句中缺少主語，且表示“無論……的事情”，故填whatever。 20．(xx重慶，12改編)—Is it true that Mike refused an offer from Yale University yesterday? —Yeah, but I have no idea______he did it; thats one of his favorite universities. 答案：why　句意為：——邁克昨天真的拒絕了耶魯大學(xué)的錄取嗎？——是的，可我不知道他為什么那么做；那是他最喜歡的大學(xué)之一。設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)同位語從句，用于解釋說明idea的內(nèi)容；從句中缺少狀語，根據(jù)句意此處表示原因，故用why引導(dǎo)。 二、單句改錯 1．(xx河北唐山一中期中)I didnt know what one to buy because these books were all useful to me. 答案：what改為which　此處表示“不知道該買哪一個(gè)”意義，故“疑問詞＋不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)中的疑問詞應(yīng)用which。 2．(xx浙江重點(diǎn)中學(xué)協(xié)作體適應(yīng)性測試)You want to know that everthing is going in our school. 答案：that改為how　賓語從句的引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作狀語，表示go的程度，表示“我們學(xué)校的情況如何”，故用how。 3．(xx四川綿陽南山實(shí)驗(yàn)高中一診)The problem is what the “Play” doesnt work at all. 答案：what改為that　表語從句的引導(dǎo)詞在從句中不作成分，而且不表示意義，故用that。what在名詞性從句中需要作主語、賓語等。 4．(xx貴州遵義航天高級中學(xué)三模)There is no doubt whether I will achieve great progress in English learning with your assistance. 答案：whether改為that　否定句或疑問句中doubt后的從句用that引導(dǎo)，肯定句doubt后的從句用whether/if引導(dǎo)。There is no doubt that...“毫無疑問……”。 5．(xx貴州省貴陽市普通高中期末監(jiān)測)At that time, I just wondered that my mother was so delighted. 答案：that改為why　根據(jù)wonder判斷，引導(dǎo)詞表示“為什么”意義，故用why。句子表示“我不明白為什么媽媽那么高興”。 6．(xx甘肅西北師大附中月考)Which is worse, they spat and even threw rubbish into the lake. 答案：Which改為What　What is worse是固定用法，意為“更糟糕的是”。 7．(xx河南適應(yīng)性測試)I went up and asked what I could help them. 答案：what改為if/whether　 賓語從句的引導(dǎo)詞不需要在從句中作成分，再根據(jù)ask判斷句子的引導(dǎo)詞表示疑問意義，故應(yīng)為if/whether。 8．(xx陜西西工大附中二模)As is known to all that millions of graduates crowded into the job market each year. 答案：As改為It　本句是一個(gè)it作形式主語，that引導(dǎo)的從句作真正主語的句子，故改為it。如果用as，則為As is known to all, millions of graduates...。 9．(xx云南師大附中月考)That you should learn is how to write down the most important words, not the whole sentence. 答案：That改為What　主語從句的引導(dǎo)詞需要在從句中作learn的賓語，故用what。 10．(xx云南統(tǒng)一復(fù)習(xí)檢測)Next, we can know ________is going on at any time. 答案：what　know后是一個(gè)賓語從句，從句缺少主語，故填what。 三、語法填空 Alfred Alder, a famous psychiatrist, had __1__interesting experience. When he was a small boy he got off to a poor start in arithmetic(算術(shù)). His teacher got the idea that he had no ability in arithmetic, and told his parents __2__ she thought in order that they would not expect too much of him. In this way, they too developed the idea, “Isnt it too bad __3__Alfred cant do arithmetic？” He accepted their mistaken estimate of his ability, feeling that it was useless to try. One day he became very angry at the teacher and the other students because they laughed when he said he saw how to do a problem __4__ none of the other students had been able to solve. Alder succeeded in solving the problem. This gave him confidence. He rejected the idea __5__ he could not do arithmetic and was determined to show them that he could. His __6__(angry) and his new found faith stimulated him to go at arithmetic problems with a new spirit. He now worked __7__interest, determination, and purpose, and he soon became __8__(extraordinary) good at arithmetic. He not only proved that he can do arithmetic, but he learned early in life from his own experience, if a person __9__(go) at a job with determination and purpose, his ability may make himself as well as others __10__(astonish)． 1．______ 2.______ 3.______ 4.______ 5.______ 6．______ 7.______ 8.______ 9.______ 10.______ 答案： 1．a(chǎn)n　experience在此表示“經(jīng)歷”，是可數(shù)名詞；此處泛指“一次有趣的經(jīng)歷”，用不定冠詞。 2．what　該詞引導(dǎo)賓語從句，并在從句中作thought的賓語，指事物，故填what。 3．that　it是形式主語，要填的詞引導(dǎo)從句作真正主語，而主語從句不缺少成分，表達(dá)陳述意義，所以用that。 4．which/that　所填的詞引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾先行詞problem，并在從句中作賓語，故填which或that。 5．that　該詞引導(dǎo)idea的同位語從句，從句不缺少成分，意義也完整，故填that。 6．a(chǎn)nger　前面有his作定語，與his new found faith一起作主語，故填名詞anger。 7．with　此處表示“帶有，有”意義，所以應(yīng)該填介詞with。 8．extraordinarily　修飾形容詞good，意為“極其，極端地”，用副詞。 9．goes　if引導(dǎo)的從句講的是事實(shí)，所以用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主語是a person，故填goes。 10．a(chǎn)stonished　在動詞make后作賓語補(bǔ)足語，表示賓語的狀態(tài)和感受，故填形容詞astonished“驚訝的”。 四、短文改錯 (xx貴州七校聯(lián)考) When it es to the TV, there will be different word in different persons minds. Some people think that watch TV is a good way to relax. Firstly, we can broaden our horizons or know more about the world by watching latest news and reports. Secondly, watching TV is a good way to kill their spare time. Finally, we can predict that may happen in the future and be prepared. Therefore, every coin has its two sides. There are also disadvantages of watching TV. Not only do it do harm to our eyesight, but it also has a bad affect on our studies and everyday life. Definitely, TV plays a big role in our life. We should treat to it in a right way. 答案： When it es to the TV, there will be different in different persons minds. Some people think that TV is a good way to relax. Firstly, we can broaden our horizons know more about the world by watching latest news and reports. Secondly, watching TV is a good way to kill spare time. Finally, we can predict may happen in the future and be prepared. ， every coin has its two sides. There are also disadvantages of watching TV. Not only it do harm to our eyesight, but it also has a bad on our studies and everyday life. Definitely, TV plays a big role in our life. We should treat to it in a right way. 解析： 第一處：word→words　名詞前有different修飾，應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式，故將word改為words。 第二處：watch→watching　句中已有謂語動詞is，句中缺少主語，且不表目的，因此用動名詞作主語，故將watch改為watching。 第三處：or→and　根據(jù)句意“首先，我們能夠通過看最近的新聞和報(bào)道開闊視野，并且能夠更多地了解世界”可知，broaden和know是并列關(guān)系，且是肯定句，應(yīng)用and連接。 第四處：latest前加the　latest是最高級，故前面加the。 第五處：their→our　本文敘述以第一人稱為主，此處指代“我們的”，故將their改為our。 第六處：that→what　predict后為賓語從句，從句中缺主語，且指物，故將that改為what。 第七處：Therefore→However　根據(jù)語境可知，上下文是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系而非因果關(guān)系。 第八處：do→does　當(dāng)not only置于句首時(shí)，其后的句子要進(jìn)行部分倒裝，即將助動詞提至主語之前，由于句子的主語是it，故助動詞用does。 第九處：affect→effect　have an effect on...是固定短語，意為“對……有影響”。 第十處：去掉to　treat是及物動詞，接賓語時(shí)，其后不需加介詞。