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2019-2020年高考英語(yǔ)大二輪復(fù)習(xí) 第一部分 閱讀理解 專題一 閱讀理解 第5講 篇章結(jié)構(gòu)題素能特訓(xùn) Ⅰ.完形填空 [xx北京朝陽(yáng)區(qū)一模] My childhood left three months ago on a plane to Austria. It was a ___1___ day when my baby cousins moved away. My cousins were a fundamental part of my life, ___2___ they were not with me, they were on my mind. They brought back the untroubled days of my childhood, ___3___ games, adventures and silliness, but they also helped ___4___ me from an attimes selfish teenager into a responsible adult. My aunt and uncle moved here from Boston with their 1yearold daughter Yasmeen. They lived in an apartment on the side of our house and I was ___5___ to have our family, especially a baby girl, so close to us Yasmen had close friendship with each of my sisters, but I knew the one that ___6___ between us was the strongest. As she began to walk on her own and talk in full sentences, I realized my great ___7___ upon her. I noticed that shed ___8___ some of my unpleasant actions, ___9___ with her mother after I had done the same. Yasmeen made me realize what being a good ___10___ really was. When Maya was born, Yasmeen had a hard time ___11___. She was jealous (嫉妒) of the attention we all paid to her new younger sister, so I did my best to keep her pany when she might have not been ___12___. Once Yasmeen overcame her jealousy, she was able to ___13___ Mayas presence, like we all did I tried to take advantage of our times together, doing my best to ___14___ my schedule for my two favorite people. My ___15___ with Yasmeen and Maya has taught me the importance of influential people. I know that I have helped Yasmeen and Maya ___16___，but“the babies”have had an even greater influence on my own life. They have shown me how to be a parent, a sister, a child and most importantly, a friend. Our ___17___ has made me a better person—more patient person, with the ability to ___18___ endless questions and spilled (灑) juice; an ___19___ person, able to have fun and be happy with other, a role model, ___20___ the babies idea about right and wrong, and a passion person, able to forgive and love. 本文來自于美國(guó)本科留學(xué)申請(qǐng)essay范例。主題為親情和成長(zhǎng)。符合近幾年北京高考一向的出題風(fēng)格。文章難度適中，難度不大。但部分題型中從詞匯含義考的比較生僻，容易出錯(cuò)。 1．A.sad B．busy C．fine D．relaxing 答案：A　根據(jù)本句中when my baby cousins moved away來看本空是一個(gè)消極詞匯，故只有A符合。 2．A.until B．before C．when D．unless 答案：C　本空主要考查閱讀理解能力，整個(gè)句子意為：我的cousins是我生命中極為重要的一部分，當(dāng)我們不在一起的時(shí)候，他們一直會(huì)在我的腦海里。 3．A.against B．through C．besides D．for 答案：B　through“通過”，符合語(yǔ)境。 4．A.lead B．challenge C．mature D．encourage 答案：C　本空考查詞義辨析，mature在這里是動(dòng)詞，意為“使成熟”，符合空后“from an attimes selfish teenager into a responsible”。 5．A.overjoyed B．embarrassed C．surprised D．a(chǎn)fraid 答案：A　本空是情感線索的考查，根據(jù)上下文來看，作者是很喜歡他的cousin，故overjoyed“極其高興”。符合句意。B選項(xiàng)embarrassed是“尷尬的”。 6．A.ended B．started C．survived D．developed 答案：D　本空主要考查詞義辨析，one that ________ between us was strongest是定語(yǔ)從句，修飾one，而one指的是前邊的relationship，意思是在我們之間形成的關(guān)系才是最牢固的，develop“形成”。 7．A.pressure B．dependence C．mercy D．influence 答案：D　根據(jù)下文“I noticed that shed ________ some of my unpleasant actions”可知，作者的cousin在模仿自己的一些行為。而且influence這個(gè)在下文也出現(xiàn)過了。 8．A.doubt B．regret C．copy D．guide 答案：C　根據(jù)空后“after I had done the same”可知，Yasmeen在模仿作者，雖然總是模仿一些不好的事情。 9．A.debating B．a(chǎn)rguing C．negotiating D．checking 答案：B　本空純屬考查詞義辨析。argue with sb.“和……爭(zhēng)論”。C選項(xiàng)negotiate“談判”。 10．A.leader B．partner C．friend D．example 答案：D　Yasmeen在模仿作者，讓作者明白了什么是榜樣。 11．A.sharing B．a(chǎn)djusting C．recognizing D．struggling 答案：B　當(dāng)前句中提到Maya出生了，另一個(gè)小女孩“Yasmeen had a hard time adjusting (適應(yīng))”。下文提到，開始她感覺自己被忽略了而嫉妒，后來慢慢喜歡和Maya在一起是一個(gè)“適應(yīng)的”過程。 12．A.noticed B．a(chǎn)dmired C．forted D．protected 答案：A　作者看到Y(jié)asmeen嫉妒，所以當(dāng)她不被注意的時(shí)候(noticed)盡量去陪伴她。上文的attention是一個(gè)提示詞。 13．A.ignore B．mind C．sense D．enjoy 答案：D　克服嫉妒之后，就開始喜歡(enjoy)那個(gè)小孩子了。像我們一樣。ignore“忽視”；mind“介意”；sense“感覺到”，含義不符。 14．A.affect B．a(chǎn)ccept C．free D．ruin 答案：C　前面提到，作者努力去利用在一起的時(shí)間，為了那兩個(gè)可愛的孩子盡自己最大努力來空出自己的計(jì)劃表(schedule)。 15．A.instruction B．experiment C．experience D．interview 答案：C　作者和兩個(gè)孩子在一起的經(jīng)歷(experience)教會(huì)了自己影響人的重要性。instruction“教導(dǎo)”；experiment“實(shí)驗(yàn)”；interview“采訪，面試”，含義不當(dāng)。 16．A.grow B．succeed C．think D．behave 答案：A　作者幫助兩個(gè)孩子grow“成長(zhǎng)”，succeed“成功”，think“思考”，behave“行為”。 17．A.meeting B．relationship C．responsibility D．respect 答案：B　和孩子之間的關(guān)系讓我成為了更好的人。 18．A.interview B．tolerate C．repeat D．a(chǎn)void 答案：B　tolerate(容忍)孩子們的無休止的問題。 19．A.honest B．independent C．a(chǎn)ggressive D．enthusiastic 答案：D　enthusiastic(熱情的)人，排比句。下文說能夠和他人快樂的相處。 20．A.showing B．writing C．a(chǎn)warding D．permitting 答案：A　a role model(一個(gè)榜樣)作用是展示給孩子們?nèi)绾畏直嬲_和錯(cuò)誤。 Ⅱ.閱讀理解 A [xx甘肅蘭州實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練]As a substitute teacher, my daily routine involves driving to a new school almost every day so Im usually unable to anticipate (預(yù)料) the days events, good or bad! On one particular day, I was teaching in a very difficult class. I was managing behavior all the morning and by lunch time, I knew I needed coffee to even consider surviving the afternoon. So on my lunch break, I drove to a nearby plaza to get a cup of coffee. Upon returning to the car I realized I had locked my keys and my phone inside! I had about 15 minutes to get back to the school which was a good 4or 5minute drive away. I contemplated (考慮) rushing back, but it being winter, I thought a nasty fall on ice would only make the situation much worse. So I ran into a McDonalds which was in the same plaza and asked the man at the counter who happened to be the manager to please call me a cab. I briefly explained my situation to him, and I could tell by the look in his eyes that he empathized. He hurried to the back to use the phone while I paced in the restaurant. I had less than 10 minutes to get back to my school at this point. The manager returned only to tell me that the cab pany had put him on hold and then the line got disconnected， and that he was now on hold again, but had not been able to request the cab yet. My expression, I assume, began to resemble some bination of hopelessness and fear. Without a thought, he grabbed his coat and offered to drive me to the school. Without hesitation， I followed him into his car and made it back into my classroom with 2 minutes to spare before the bell! Upon arriving at the school, I thanked this man endlessly. His calm behavior and kind nature made me think he was probably a wonderful manager to work for, and also a wonderful human being to have on this earth. This experience makes me realize that out of every seemingly hopeless situation, there is the opportunity for acts of kindness to transpire (發(fā)生), which can have an unimaginable impact (影響) on those who receive them. 本文是一篇記敘文，主要介紹了作者在廣場(chǎng)上喝咖啡后發(fā)現(xiàn)車鑰匙和手機(jī)都被鎖在了車?yán)?，他在麥?dāng)勞向經(jīng)理尋求幫助，并最終在這位經(jīng)理的幫助下及時(shí)趕回學(xué)校的故事。 1．Why did the author want to get a cup of coffee? A．Because he was very thirsty at that time. B．Because he was only interested in drinking coffee. C．Because he had to refresh himself for the classes in the afternoon. D．Because he wanted to do something special to pass the whole afternoon. 答案：C　考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的“I knew I needed coffee to even consider surviving the afternoon”可知，作者需要咖啡使自己下午上課有精神。 2．The author ________ so he gave up the idea of going back to school on foot when he found his keys and phone were locked inside the car. A．was too tired to walk further B．was afraid of falling down on ice C．a(chǎn)sked the manager to call him a cab D．decided to take a school bus 答案：B　考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的“I contemplated (考慮)rushing back, but it being winter, I thought a nasty fall on ice would only make the situation much worse”可知，作者擔(dān)心徒步跑回學(xué)校就有可能會(huì)跌倒在有冰的路上，因此就放棄了那種想法，所以選B。 3．The author has probably stayed in the McDonalds for ________. A．15 minutes B．8～9 minutes C．4～5 minutes D．2 minutes 答案：B　考查數(shù)字計(jì)算。根據(jù)第二段中的“I had about 15 minutes to get back to the school which was a good 4or 5minute drive away”和第五段中的“I followed him into his car and made it back into my classroom with 2 minutes to spare before the bell”可知，作者所在的地方開車回學(xué)校需四五分鐘，而回學(xué)校后離上課時(shí)間還有兩分鐘，因此選B。 4．What kind of person is the manager? A．Kindhearted. B．Faithful. C．Gentle. D．Dependable. 答案：A　考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)全文的內(nèi)容以及文章最后一段中的“His calm behavior and kind nature made me think he was probably a wonderful manager to work for”可知，這個(gè)經(jīng)理心地善良。 1．substitute v．/n. 代替；代用品　adj. 代替的；替補(bǔ)的 2．briefly adv. 簡(jiǎn)短地　　3.empathize vt. 移情；神會(huì) 4．resemble v. 類似；像 5.hesitation n. 躇躊；猶豫 1．happen to do sth. 碰巧做某事 2．have an impact on 對(duì)……有影響 原文：The manager returned only to tell me that the cab pany had put him on hold and then the line got disconnected.(不定式作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)) 譯文：經(jīng)理回來了，卻告訴我：汽車公司讓他稍等，然后就掛斷了。 仿寫：He arrived at the bookingoffice only_to_be_told_ that_the_tickets_had_been_sold_out. 他匆忙地到了售票處，結(jié)果被告知票已經(jīng)售完。 B [xx吉林長(zhǎng)春質(zhì)檢三]Windows 8, apart from Windows 95, is the biggest surprise and the only version of Microsofts operating system that has been changed from the core (核心) when pared to its former one. However, a recent study has shown that under 20% of business owners would be willing to upgrade to the new version of Windows. The reason for this remains to be discussed and debated, and we will try to throw light on this research by providing you with some of the most mon advantages and disadvantages of Windows 8. Generally speaking, there are a great number of plus sides related to upgrading from Windows 7 to Windows 8. Speed—This is the biggest advantage to mention Boot time has been reported to be up to nine times shorter than that with Windows 7. New passwords—Instead of typing your passwords, Windows 8 will let you use gestures on your favorite photos to enter your password. This is not only practical but also extremely cool! Windows 8 experience—Apart from puters, Windows 8 will be used on all devices, including smart phones, tablet PCs and so on. Also, owing to the fact that it has been specifically designed with touch screen users in mind, Windows 8, besides using keyboard and mouse, will offer a whole new user experience. However, there are still some disadvantages. The first one that has to be mentioned is that there is no Start Menu from Windows. Yes, there is no Start button in the lower left corner, and this might be a real puzzle of many Windows users. Also, many users have had a problem to get used to the new interface (界面) introduced by Windows 8. The biggest problem that is worth noticing is that Windows 8 was originally designed for touch screen users, and this may have a bad effect on desktop users who have gotten used to doing everything with the help of their keyboard and mouse. 本文是說明文，介紹了Windows 8的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)。 5．What does “plus sides” in Paragraph 2 probably refer to? A．Math symbols. B．Strengths. C．New rules. D．Messages. 答案：B　考查詞義猜測(cè)?？疾榭忌鷮?duì)上下文的理解及詞義的推斷能力。從plus這個(gè)詞的本意和下文中提到的“Speed，New passwords，Windows 8 experience”還有“However，there are still some disadvantages.”可知。 6．According to the text the greatest advantage of Windows 8 is its ________. A．plex passwords B．high speed C．unique experience D．new interface 答案：B　考查細(xì)節(jié)理解?？疾榭忌鷮?duì)細(xì)節(jié)信息的提取能力。從“Speed”部分“This is the biggest advantage to mention.”可知。 7．From the text we can learn that Windows 8 ________. A．no longer requires a password B．was upgraded from windows 95 C．will be popular with desktop users D．can be used on more than puters 答案：D　考查細(xì)節(jié)理解?？疾榭忌鷮?duì)細(xì)節(jié)信息的提取能力。從“Windows 8 experience”部分“Apart from puters, Windows 8 will be used on all devices”可知，應(yīng)選D。 8．Many Windows 8 users face the problem that ________. A．Start Menu is hidden in the lower left corner B．they have to use fingerprints instead of button C．keyboard and mouse cant be used any longer D．they dont get accustomed to the new interface 答案：D　考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。考查考生對(duì)細(xì)節(jié)信息的提取能力。由文章最后一段中的“Also, many users have had a problem to get used to the new interface (界面) introduced by Windows 8.”可知。 1．a(chǎn)dvantage n. 好處；優(yōu)勢(shì)　2.gesture n. 姿式；手勢(shì) 3．extremely adv. 極度地；極其 4．mention vt. 提到 5.originally adv. 起初；本來 1．throw light on 闡明；照亮 2．get used to (prep.) 習(xí)慣于 3．have an effect on 對(duì)……有影響 原文：Also, owing to the fact that it has been specifically designed with touch screen users in mind, Windows 8, besides using keyboard and mouse, will offer a whole new user experience.(同位語(yǔ)從句) 譯文：由于Windows 8專門設(shè)計(jì)了用戶思維式觸摸屏，因此，除了使用鍵盤和鼠標(biāo)外，Windows 8還提供了整套全新用戶體驗(yàn)。 仿寫：Information has been put forward that_more_middle_ school_graduates_will_be_admitted_into_university. 更多中學(xué)畢業(yè)生要被大學(xué)錄取的信息已經(jīng)被提議。 Ⅲ.語(yǔ)法填空 [xx山東日照校際聯(lián)考]A man looking at his smartphone while walking across a railway crossing in Nanjing ___1___ (have) a close knock on Oct. 22. He was so ___2___ (absorb) in his smartphone that he didnt see a train approaching until it brushed past him, ___3___ (throw) him to the ground. This should serve ___4___ a warning that people should be aware of their surroundings, especially ___5___ crossing roads. ___6___ (lucky), the man survived a brush with death, but the incident forced the driver ___7___ (stop) the train. An 18minute delay followed the incident, ___8___ led to a break in the running of other trains on the route. Smartphone ___9___ (addicted) has spread like an infectious disease. Its evident that it will do great harm to society. Whats even ___10___ (bad), some addicts bee impatient with relatives and friends. Some people blame the smartphone for the tragedy, yet in fact peoples weakening selfcontrol and selfdiscipline are to blame. 1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________ 5．________　6.________　7.________　8.________ 9．________　10.________ 如今手機(jī)上癮現(xiàn)象非常嚴(yán)重，對(duì)人們的生活有著很大的危害。文章告訴我們是我們的自控力和自我約束力差而導(dǎo)致此種現(xiàn)象，并非手機(jī)本身的問題。 1．had　考查一般過去時(shí)。根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)“on Oct.22”可知，此處是在描述發(fā)生在過去的事情，故用一般過去時(shí)。 2．a(chǎn)bsorbed　考查固定短語(yǔ)。be absorbed in“專心致志，全神貫注”，是固定短語(yǔ)。 3．throwing　考查現(xiàn)在分詞。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，此處表示“火車與他擦身而過，把他摔在了地上”，train和throw之間是主謂關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞作伴隨狀語(yǔ)。 4．a(chǎn)s　考查固定結(jié)構(gòu)。serve as“起作用，產(chǎn)生效果”，此處表示“這應(yīng)該給人們起一個(gè)警告作用”。 5．when/while　考查連詞。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，此處表示“尤其是當(dāng)過馬路的時(shí)候”，故用when或while，此處是“主語(yǔ)＋系動(dòng)詞”的省略?？蛇€原為：especially when/while they are crossing roads。 6．Luckily　考查副詞。幸運(yùn)的是，這個(gè)男子與死亡擦肩而過，但是這個(gè)事件迫使駕駛員停下了火車。在句首應(yīng)該用lucky的副詞形式，即Luckily。 7．to stop　考查動(dòng)詞不定式。force sb. to do sth.“迫使某人做某事”，為固定結(jié)構(gòu)。 8．which　考查非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。這件事耽擱了18分鐘，導(dǎo)致路線上其他火車的運(yùn)行中斷了。此處用which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，指代前面的“An 18minute delay”。 9．a(chǎn)ddiction　考查名詞。分析句子成分可知，此處作主語(yǔ)，意為“手機(jī)上癮”，故用addicted的名詞形式addiction“上癮”，addict作為名詞時(shí)，意為“對(duì)……著迷的人”，此處不符合語(yǔ)境。 10．worse　考查形容詞比較級(jí)。whats even worse意為“甚至更糟糕的是”，even修飾比較級(jí)，故用worse。 Ⅳ.短文改錯(cuò) [xx黑龍江綏化重點(diǎn)中學(xué)一模] Dear Jin Jing， Your problem is mon one among middle school students. Maybe the following advices can help you. First in all, believe in yourself. Your greatest problem is that you lack selfconfidence. The first thing you must do it is to smile at your classmates. One smile speaks loud about your wish to make friends than any word. Your smile will show that you are friendly to him. Next, trying talking with a student who is as shy as you or who share the same interest as you. You can discuss your studies with a classmate and you can also talk about your hobbies. Unless anyone is in trouble, you should be ready to help him or her. Once you have confidence, you can make as many friends as possibly. Yours， Lily 答案： Yours， Lily