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1、 科學技術學院 NANCHANG UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 外文翻譯 （2008 — 2012 年） 題 目 《微型液壓臥式螺桿注塑機系統(tǒng)》設計 學 科 部： 理工 專 業(yè)： 材料成型及控制工程 班 級： 08材料2班 學 號：

2、 7013308072 學生姓名： 吳雄 指導教師： 羅冬平 起訖日期： 2011.11.30 ——2012.05.13 注射成型機 注射成型機是塑料機械的一種，簡稱注射機或注塑機，是將熱塑性塑料或熱固性料利用塑料成型模具制成各種形狀的塑料制品的主要成型設備。注射成型是通過注塑機和模具來實現(xiàn)的。 類型 注射成型機的類型有:立式、臥式、全電式，但是無論那種注塑機，其基本功能有兩個（1）加熱塑料，使其達到熔化狀態(tài)（

3、2）對熔融塑料施加高壓，使其射出而充滿模具型腔。 工作原理和模式 　　注射成型機的工作原理與打針用的注射器相似，它是借助螺桿（或柱塞）的推力，將已塑化好的熔融狀態(tài)（即粘流態(tài)）的塑料注射入閉合好的模腔內，經(jīng)固化定型后取得制品的工藝過程。注射成型是一個循環(huán)的過程，每一周期主要包括：定量加料—熔融塑化—施壓注射—充模冷卻—啟模取件。取出塑件后又再閉模，進行下一個循環(huán)。 　　注射成型機操作項目：注塑機操作項目包括控制鍵盤操作、電器控制系統(tǒng)操作和液壓系統(tǒng)操作三個方面。分別進行注射過程動作、加料動作、注射壓力、注射速度、頂出型式的選擇，料筒各段溫度的監(jiān)控，注射壓力和背壓壓力的調節(jié)等。一般螺桿式注塑機

4、的成型工藝過程是：首先將粒狀或粉狀塑料加入機筒內，并通過螺桿的旋轉和機筒外壁加熱使塑料成為熔融狀態(tài)，然后機器進行合模和注射座前移，使噴嘴貼緊模具的澆口道，接著向注射缸通人壓力油，使螺桿向前推進，從而以很高的壓力和較快的速度將熔料注入溫度較低的閉合模具內，經(jīng)過一定時間和壓力保持（又稱保壓）、冷卻，使其固化成型，便可開模取出制品（保壓的目的是防止模腔中熔料的反流、向模腔內補充物料，以及保證制品具有一定的密度和尺寸公差）。注射成型的基本要求是塑化、注射和成型。塑化是實現(xiàn)和保證成型制品質量的前提，而為滿足成型的要求，注射必須保證有足夠的壓力和速度。同時，由于注射壓力很高，相應地在模腔中產(chǎn)生很高的壓力（

5、模腔內的平均壓力一般在20~45MPa之間），因此必須有足夠大的合模力。由此可見，注射裝置和合模裝置是注塑機的關鍵部件。 　　對塑料制品的評價主要有三個方面，第一是外觀質量，包括完整性、顏色、光澤等；第二是尺寸和相對位置間的準確性；第三是與用途相應的物理性能、化學性能、電性能等。這些質量要求又根據(jù)制品使用場合的不同，要求的尺度也不同。制品的缺陷主要在于模具的設計、制造精度和磨損程度等方面。但事實上，塑料加工廠的技術人員往往苦于面對用工藝手段來彌補模具缺陷帶來的問題而成效不大的困難局面。 　　生產(chǎn)過程中工藝的調節(jié)是提高制品質量和產(chǎn)量的必要途徑。由于注塑周期本身很短，如果工藝條件掌握不好,廢品就會

6、源源不絕。在調整工藝時最好一次只改變一個條件，多觀察幾回，如果壓力、溫度、時間統(tǒng)統(tǒng)一起調的話，很易造成混亂和誤解，出了問題也不知道是何道理。調整工藝的措施、手段是多方面的。例如：解決制品注不滿的問題就有十多個可能的解決途徑，要選擇出解決問題癥結的一、二個主要方案，才能真正解決問題。此外，還應注意解決方案中的辨證關系。比如：制品出現(xiàn)了凹陷，有時要提高料溫，有時要降低料溫；有時要增加料量，有時要減少料量。要承認逆向措施的解決問題的可行性。 分類及特點 注射成型機按照注射裝置和鎖模裝置的排列方式，可分為立式、臥式和立臥復合式。其各自的特點如下：（一）立式注塑機的特點：1、注射裝置和鎖模裝置処于同一

7、垂直中心線上，且模具是沿上下方向開閉。其占地面積只有臥式機的約一半，因此，換算成占地面積生產(chǎn)性約有二倍左右。2、容易實現(xiàn)嵌件成型。因為模具表面朝上，嵌件放入定位容易。采用下模板固定、上模板可動的機種，拉帶輸送裝置與機械手相組合的話，可容易地實現(xiàn)全自動嵌件成型。3、模具的重量由水平模板支承作上下開閉動作，不會發(fā)生類似臥式機的由于模具重力引起的前倒，使得模板無法開閉的現(xiàn)象。有利于持久性保持機械和模具的精度。4、通過簡單的機械手可取出各個塑件型腔，有利于精密成型。5、一般鎖模裝置周圍為開開放式，容易配置各類自動化裝置，適應于復雜、精巧產(chǎn)品的自動成型。6、拉帶輸輸送裝置容易實現(xiàn)串過模具中間安裝，便于實

8、現(xiàn)成型自動生產(chǎn)。7、容易保證模具內樹脂流動性及模具溫度分布的一致性。 　　8、配備有旋轉臺面、移動臺面及傾斜臺面等形式，容易實現(xiàn)嵌件成型、模內組合成型。9、小批量試生產(chǎn)時，模具構造簡單成本低，且便于卸裝。10、經(jīng)受了多次地震的考驗，立式機由于重心低，相對臥式機抗震性更好。 （二）臥式注塑機的特點： 　　1、即是大型機由于機身低，對于安置的廠房無高度限制。2、產(chǎn)品可自動落下的場合，不需使用機械手也可實現(xiàn)自動成型。3、由于機身低，供料方便，檢修容易。4、模具需通過吊車安裝。5、多臺并列排列下，成型品容易由輸送帶收集包裝。 用途和現(xiàn)狀 　　注射成型機具有能一次成型外型復雜、尺寸精確或帶有金屬嵌

9、件的質地密致的塑料制品，被廣泛應用于國防、機電、汽車、交通運輸、建材、包裝、農(nóng)業(yè)、文教衛(wèi)生及人們日常生活各個領域。 　　我國塑料加工企業(yè)星羅其布，遍布全國各地，設備的技術水平參差不齊，大多數(shù)加工企業(yè)的設備都需要技術改造。這幾年來，我國塑機行業(yè)的技術進步十分顯著，尤其是注塑機的技術水平與國外名牌產(chǎn)品的差距大大縮小，在控制水平、產(chǎn)品內部質量和外觀造型等方面均取得顯著改觀。選擇國產(chǎn)設備，以較小的投入，同樣也能生產(chǎn)出與進口設備質量相當?shù)漠a(chǎn)品。這些為企業(yè)的技術改造創(chuàng)造了條件。 　　六、我國注射成型機的發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀 　　目前中國生產(chǎn)注塑機的廠家較多，據(jù)不完全統(tǒng)計已超過60家。注塑機的結構形式有立式和臥式兩種。

10、按生產(chǎn)出的制品可分為普通型和精密型注塑機。一次注射量45-51000g；鎖模力200-36000kN；加工原料有熱固性塑料、熱塑性塑料和橡膠三種。熱塑性塑料包括聚苯乙烯、聚乙烯、聚丙烯、尼龍、聚氨酯、聚碳酸酯、有機玻璃、聚砜及(丙烯腈/丁二烯/苯乙烯)共聚物(ABS)等。從加工出的制品來看，有單色、雙色的一般和精密塑料制品。上述產(chǎn)品的主要生產(chǎn)廠家都有自己的系列，各有自己的特點。如廣東震德塑料機械廠有限公司生產(chǎn)的捷霸CJ系列注塑機每一種規(guī)格均有數(shù)控和電腦控制兩種形式。又如浙江省寧波海天機械有限公司生產(chǎn)的HTF80X-HFT3600X型系列注塑機，可用于生產(chǎn)各種高精密的熱性塑料制品，機器采用線型移

11、動傳感器控制注射、合模、頂出，采用多重CPU電控系統(tǒng)、大幅面彩色LED顯示、全電腦自動控制。 　　普通臥式注塑機仍是注塑機發(fā)展的主導方向，其基本結構幾乎沒有大的變化，除了繼續(xù)提高其控制及自動化水平、降低能耗外，生產(chǎn)廠家根據(jù)市場的變化正在向組合系列化方向發(fā)展，如同一型號的注塑機配置大、中、小三種注射裝置，組合成標準型和組合型，增加了靈活性，擴大了使用范圍，提高了經(jīng)濟效益。? 　　近幾年來，世界上工業(yè)發(fā)達國家的注塑機生產(chǎn)廠家都在不斷提高普通注塑機的功能、質量、輔助設備的配套能力，以及自動化水平。同時大力開發(fā)、發(fā)展大型注塑機、專用注塑機、反應注塑機和精密注塑機，以滿足生產(chǎn)塑料合金、磁性塑料、帶嵌件的

12、塑料制品的需求。 　　注塑機是目前中國塑料機械中發(fā)展速度最快、水平與工業(yè)發(fā)達國家差距較小的塑機品種之一。但主要指普通型注塑機，在特大型、各種特殊、專用、精密注塑機的多數(shù)品種方面，有的產(chǎn)品尚屬空白，這是與工業(yè)發(fā)達國家的主要差距。 Injection molding machine The injection molding machine is a kind of plastic machinery, referred to as the injection molding machine or injection mo

13、lding machine, thermoplastic or thermosetting material the use of plastic mold into various shapes of plastics molding equipment. Injection molding by the injection molding machine and mold. Type The type of injection molding machine: vertical, horizontal, all-electric, but no matter the kind

14、 of injection molding machines, the basic functions of two (1) heating plastic to reach the molten state (2) to exert high pressure on the molten plastic. it shot full of mold cavity. Working principle and mode of The working principle of injection molding machine and injection syringe, it i

15、s with the thrust of the screw (or plunger), the plasticizing good molten state (ie, viscous flow state), the plastic injected into the mold cavity closed good After curing stereotypes made the process of the products. Injection molding is a cyclical process, with each cycle including: dosing - molt

16、en plastics - to put pressure injection - filling Cooling - Kai-mode pickup. Remove the plastic parts and then re-closed mode, the next cycle. Injection molding machine operating items: injection molding machine operating projects including the control keyboard operation, the operation of electrical

17、 control system and hydraulic systems operating in three aspects. Separate action of the injection process, feeding action, injection pressure, injection speed, the top choice of the type, barrel temperature of each monitor, injection pressure and back pressure regulation. Screw injection molding ma

18、chine molding process: First, granular or powdered plastic in the machine barrel, through which the screw rotates and the outer wall of the barrel, heating the plastic to become molten state, then the machine before clamping and injection shift, so that the nozzle closely aligns the mold gate Road,

19、then the oil pressure to the injection cylinder Walter, screw forward to high pressure and a faster speed will melt into the closed mold temperature is low , after a certain period of time and pressure to keep (also known as pressure), cooling, curing, the mold can be opened to remove the products (

20、the purpose of holding pressure to prevent the reflux of the melt in the mold cavity, supplementary material to the mold cavity, and to ensure that products have a certain density and dimensional tolerances). The basic requirements of the injection molded plastics, injection and molding. The plastic

21、izing premise to achieve and guarantee the quality of the molded part, to meet the requirements of forming, injection must ensure there is enough pressure and speed. The same time, due to the high injection pressure, the corresponding cavity to produce a high pressure (average pressure of the cavity

22、 is generally between 20 ~ 45MPa), so there must be large enough clamping force. Thus, the injection unit and clamping devices are key components of the injection molding machine. Mainly in three aspects of the evaluation of plastic products, and the first appearance of quality, integrity, color, lu

23、ster; the second is between the size and relative position accuracy; the third is to use the corresponding physical properties, chemical properties, electrical properties. These quality requirements are also different according to the different products using the occasion to require the scale. Defec

24、ts of products is that the mold design, manufacturing precision and wear. In fact, the technical staff of the plastic processing plants often suffer from the face of technology means to compensate for the problems brought about by the mold defects but not the effectiveness of a difficult situation.

25、Regulation of technology in the production process is the essential way to improve product quality and yield. Injection cycle is very short, if the process conditions are handled badly, the waste will be an endless supply. Adjustment process when the best time to change a condition to observe a few

26、times, pressure, temperature, time, all with the tone, it could easily lead to confusion and misunderstanding, a problem do not know what reason. Measures to adjust the process, means, in many ways. Example: solving products Note dissatisfaction there is more than a dozen possible solutions to choos

27、e to address the crux of the problem, two major programs, in order to really solve the problem. In addition, attention should be paid to the dialectical relationship between the solution. Such as: products the depression, sometimes to raise the melt temperature, sometimes to reduce the melt temperat

28、ure; sometimes to increase the quantity, and sometimes to reduce the feeding amount. To recognize the reverse feasibility of measures to solve the problem. Classification and characteristics Injection molding machine in accordance with the arrangement of the injection unit and clamping device

29、s can be divided into vertical, horizontal and vertical and horizontal composite. Its own characteristics as follows: (a) the characteristics of vertical injection molding machine: 1, the injection unit and clamping devices in the same vertical center line, and the mold opening and closing along the

30、 upper and lower direction. Its covers an area of ??only about half of the horizontal plane, therefore, converted into an area of ??production around about twice. 2, easy to insert molding. Mold surface facing up, insert into the positioning easy. Using fixed under the template, the template movable

31、 machine, pull the belt conveyor, then a combination of plant and machinery palmistry can easily implement automatic insert molding. 3, the weight of the mold level template support for up and down the opening and closing movements, similar to the horizontal plane not occur before mold gravity down,

32、 making the template can not be opening and closing of the phenomenon. Conducive to the persistence to maintain the accuracy of the machinery and tooling. 4, through a simple robot can remove each plastic cavity, is conducive to precision molding. 5, generally around the clamping device open open, e

33、asy to configure various types of automated devices, adapted to the automatic forming of the complex and sophisticated products. Drawstring lose conveying device is easy to achieve string mold the middle of installation, ease of forming automatic production. 7, is easy to ensure the consistency of t

34、he resin flow and mold temperature distribution within the mold. 8, equipped with a rotary table, mobile table and tilt table is easy to insert molding, combination molding mold. 9, small batch trial production, the mold structure is simple, low cost, and easy to uninstall. 10, has stood the test of

35、 several earthquakes, the vertical plane due to the low center of gravity, the relative horizontal plane better shock resistance. (B) the characteristics of the horizontal injection molding machine: 1, ie, the mainframe due to low body height restrictions for the placement of the plant. 2, the produ

36、ct can be automatically fall occasions, without the use of the robot can also be automatically molding. 3, the fuselage, easy feeding, maintenance easy. 4, the mold needs to be installed by crane. 5, multiple parallel arrangement, the moldings easily collected from the conveyor belt packaging. Use

37、and the status quo The injection molding machine has a complex shape, size, precision, or with metal inserts, texture, dense plastics molding, widely used in defense, electromechanical, automotive, transportation, building materials, packaging, agriculture, culture, education, health and peopl

38、e daily life in various fields. Chinas plastics processing enterprises Xing Luo cloth across the country, the skill levels of the equipment, the equipment of most of the processing enterprises need technological innovation. In recent years, Chinas press industrys technological progress is very signi

39、ficant, especially the gap between the technological level of the injection molding machine with foreign brand names is greatly reduced, and made a significant change in the level of control, internal quality and appearance. Select the domestic equipment, a smaller investment, also can produce the q

40、uality of imported equipment products. These create the conditions for the technological transformation of enterprises. , China Injection Molding Machine Development of Chinas production of injection molding machine manufacturers more, according to incomplete statistics, more than 60. The structure

41、of the injection molding machine with vertical and horizontal. Press to produce the products can be divided into common type and precision injection molding machine. An injection volume of 45-51000g; 200-36000kN The clamping force; processing raw materials, thermosetting plastics, thermoplastics and

42、 rubber three. Thermoplastics, including polystyrene, polyethylene, polypropylene, nylon, polyurethane, polycarbonate, acrylic, polysulfone and (acrylonitrile / butadiene / styrene) copolymer (ABS). From the processed products, monochrome, color and general and precision plastic products. Of the maj

43、or manufacturers of these products has its own series, each with its own characteristics. Such as Guangdong Chen De Plastics Machinery Co., Ltd. Jie tyrants CJ Series injection molding machine for each specification are two forms of numerical control and computer control. Again, Zhejiang Province, N

44、ingbo Haitian Machinery Co., Ltd. the production HTF80X-HFT3600X series injection molding machine can be used for the production of various high-precision thermal plastic, the machine uses linear movement sensors to control the injection mold, ejector, using multiple CPU power control systems, large

45、 format color LED display, automatic control of the entire computer. Ordinary horizontal injection molding machine is still the dominant direction of the injection molding machine, its basic structure is almost no major changes in addition to continue to improve its control and level of automation,

46、reducing energy consumption, manufacturers according to market changes is the combination of series direction as a model of the injection molding machine configuration, the small three injection device, a combination of standard and combination, increase flexibility, expanding the scope of use, and

47、improve economic efficiency. ? In recent years, industrial countries in the world of injection molding machine manufacturer in the continuous improvement of the supporting capacity of the function, quality of ordinary injection molding machines, auxiliary equipment, as well as the level of automatio

48、n. Vigorously develop the development of large injection molding machines, injection molding machines, reaction injection molding machines and precision injection molding machines to meet the production of plastic alloys, magnetic plastic, with the demand for plastic products inserts. The injection

49、molding machine is one of the fastest, the gap between the level of industrial countries small presses varieties of the pace of development in Chinas plastics machinery. But mainly refers to the ordinary injection molding machine, in most varieties of extra large, a variety of special, dedicated, precision injection molding machine, and some still blank, which is the main gap with industrial countries 6