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1、《物流學概論》練習題答案 《職業(yè)技能實訓一》 物流管理專業(yè)《物流學概論》練習題答案 1、 物流系中唯一的靜態(tài)環(huán)節(jié)是（）。答：存儲功能 2、流能過種的商業(yè)交易與物流的分離是由于（）造成的。答：效率經濟 3、 被稱為“第一利潤源”的是。答：資源領域 4、信息管理技術為物流創(chuàng)造了（）功能實現(xiàn)的技術環(huán)境。答：虛擬 5、創(chuàng)造商品的空間效益，實現(xiàn)其使用價值的環(huán)節(jié)是（）。答：運輸 6、生產物流管理的核心是物料的（）。答：運行時間成本 7、有物流而無商流的是（）。答：企業(yè)內部高撥物流 8、體現(xiàn)集裝化物流的技術指標是（）。答：運輸包裝系列尺 9、包裝、裝卸、搬運、儲存、運輸、配送、信息等

2、屬于（）。答：物流系統(tǒng)的功能要素 10、銷售物流的直接銷售渠道是制造商（）。答：建立銷售網絡，經營產品銷售 11、根據供應鏈容量與用戶需求的關系可以把供應鏈分為：（）。答：平衡供應鏈和傾斜供應鏈 12、包裝一般可分為商業(yè)包裝和（）。答：運輸包 13、物流最重要的經濟性指標是物流設施與設備的（）比率。答：容積利用 14、已在收發(fā)貨區(qū)臺車上狀態(tài)的活性指數(shù)是（）。答：3 15、客戶價值不是（）價值，而是客戶購買的預期與滿足感。答：貨幣 16、以下不屬于物流控制要素管理的是（）。答：物流戰(zhàn)略管理 17、利用計算機系統(tǒng)管理各種與地域、空間相關的信息，在顯示器上對地圖進行任意圖層入大、縮小

3、與調用，對地理要素和運輸工具進行直觀顯示的是（）。答：GIS 18、倉儲裝備的核心是（）。答：貨架 19集裝裝備的最大優(yōu)點在于（）。答：減少裝卸次數(shù) 20、條形碼技術屬于（）。答：物流信息標志與采集技術 21、電子數(shù)據交換技術的簡稱是（）。答：E 22、在交通運輸領域其經營的對象分為人和物兩大類。其中：“物”統(tǒng)稱為（）。答：貨物 23、具有使物流的職能更明確，能夠擴大企業(yè)物流經營的比重，增加企業(yè)物流活動，保證整體生產和營銷的協(xié)調等優(yōu)點的組織結構是（）。答：功能獨立型物流組織 24、集裝箱聯(lián)運業(yè)屬于現(xiàn)代物流行業(yè)中的（）。答：通運業(yè) 25、對客戶實行有差別的客戶服務，帶領自己的客戶

4、群和其它物流企業(yè)，將其所在的整個物流市場推上新的服務平臺的階段是（）。答：市場創(chuàng)新階段 26、物流系統(tǒng)化的目標（5S）中的“speed”。答：快捷性 27、物流質量具體包含以下內容：（）、物品質量、工作質量、工程質量。答：客戶服務質量 28、反映了倉庫的最大存儲能力的參數(shù)是（）。答：倉容 29、逆向物流由于（）成為社會物流與企業(yè)物流的結合。答：環(huán)境經濟的要求 30、對一般客戶群提供（）服務。答：無差別一致性 31、物流基礎模數(shù)尺寸為（）。答：600mmX 400mm 32、在產品和笛聲分類中，屬于開民過程步驟的是（）。答：以上都不是 33、由船舶、航空器載運入境并由原裝運輸工具

5、載運出境的貨物是。答：通運貨物 34、在現(xiàn)代制造業(yè)中，物流環(huán)節(jié)的（）超過制造環(huán)節(jié)的加工成本。答：1運輸和倉儲成本2物料運行時間成本 35、實行網狀責任制的是（）。答： 《聯(lián)運單證統(tǒng)一規(guī)則》 36、以信息控制將傳統(tǒng)的垂直分離功能運作整合為橫向平衡管理的是（）。答：物流一體化 37、供應物流過程：選擇采購物品；（）廠內物流。答：廠外物流 38、物流信息系統(tǒng)是（）。答：物流控制和物流執(zhí)行網絡 39、克服產品生產與消費在時間上拼成工，使物資產生時間上的效果的環(huán)節(jié)是（）。答：倉儲 40、裝入小于物流模數(shù)尺寸以下的箱內物品裝卸搬運活到性指數(shù)是（）。答：1 41、（）的數(shù)量占總客戶數(shù)量比例6

6、0%，所創(chuàng)造的利潤占企業(yè)總利潤的10%。答：一般客戶 42、將供應鏈劃分為不同類型的基本標準是（）。答：市場變動與主導成員平衡能力 43、適用于海上運輸合同，而不適用于航次租船合同的規(guī)則是（）。答：《漢堡規(guī)則》 44、多式聯(lián)運的法律基礎是明確（）之間的責任與權利。答：承運人與聯(lián)運人 45、物流成本控制的對象是（）。答：投入與產出的比較 46、進口貨物的收貨人自運輸工具申報進境之日起超過（）未向海關申報的，其進口貨物由海關提取。答：3個月 47、產權交易是（）。答：有商流而無物流 48、E。答：物流信息傳輸技術 49、物流信息管理、物流成本管理和物流質量管理屬于（）。答：物流控制

7、要素管理 50、適合于外部環(huán)境較為穩(wěn)定、采用常規(guī)技術、重視內部運營效率、操作人員素質比較好的中型規(guī)模企。答：功能集合型物流組織 51、物流質量管理的核心是（）。答：減少物流過程中的貨物損失率 52、在物流客戶戰(zhàn)略的階段中，其中物流企業(yè)應在控制的范圍內，向顧客提供無差別的基本服務的。答：市場進入階段 53、物流成本支出與物流服務水平是（）關系。答：非線性 54、供應鏈是圍繞（）建立的穩(wěn)定商業(yè)關系。答：核心成員企業(yè) 55、（）占全部信裝箱總數(shù)80%以上。答：雜貨集裝箱 56、配貨包裝的標識常有標記和（）兩大類。答：標志 57、在配送中心儲存貨物，根據用戶的需要進行配送，叫做（）。答

8、：儲存配送模式 58、（）不是生活消費品配送網絡的特點。答：配送系統(tǒng)精度要求稍低 59、關于物和流的概念和定義，說法錯誤的有（）。答：B交通運輸領域中，物流學中的“物”指的是物品C物流的“流”，既是指流通 60、保管的經濟性表現(xiàn)為（）。答：A規(guī)模經濟性C客戶多樣性D作業(yè)靈活性 61、關于供應鏈物流的說法，正確的有（）。答：C信息共享是供應鏈動作的基礎D物流信息系統(tǒng)對復雜供應管理非常重要 62、物流的實體功能，說法錯誤的有（）。答：A包裝與裝卸搬運C運輸與配送D倉儲與流通加工 63、關于物流系統(tǒng)的功能，說法錯誤的有（）。答：A單一的運輸或包裝可以稱之為物流B配送功能在物流系統(tǒng)得所有動

9、態(tài)功能中是核心功能D配送是運輸中的一個組成部分 64、物流標準化的核心內容是集裝化，包括（）。答：B運輸包裝系列尺寸C托盤標準化D集裝箱標準尺寸 65、以下屬于管理層的信息管理的是（）。答：A成本核算C流通價格規(guī)劃 66、關于企業(yè)生產物流的說法，不正確的有（）。答：A物流過程的特點是企業(yè)物流最本質的特點C企業(yè)生產物流過程具有很強的隨機性 67、根據對公司的價值，客戶分為（）。答：B一般客戶C潛力客戶D關鍵客戶 68、集裝箱標準的主要內容是（）。答：A屬于第一系列B具有13種箱型C TEU與FEU主要箱型D 最大總承重不超過30t 69、現(xiàn)代企業(yè)物流管理一體化發(fā)展根源于（）。答：

10、B制造業(yè)結構變化C全球經濟一體化D信息處理商業(yè)化 70、從傳統(tǒng)的實體配送到現(xiàn)代物流活動，物流管理了（）階段。答：B產品物流C一體化物流D供應鏈管理 71、按物流系統(tǒng)性質分類的是（）。答：C社會物流D企業(yè)物流 72、物流系統(tǒng)的物質基礎要素包括。答：A物流作業(yè)管理層B物流執(zhí)行管理層C 物流職能管理層D物流決策管理層 73、物流系統(tǒng)的物質基礎要素包括（）。答：A物流設施B物流裝備C物流工具D信息技術 74、根據供應鏈存在的穩(wěn)定性可以供應為（）。答：A穩(wěn)定供應鏈B動態(tài)供應鏈 75、潛力客戶，以下描述正確的是（）。答：A數(shù)量比例占30% B 企業(yè)利潤比例占30% D 客戶目標是客戶價值提高

11、 76、屬于特殊附加險的是（）。答：A黃曲霉素險B拒收險D艙面險 77、屬于物流的經濟價值的是（）。答：A時間價值B場所價值C流通加工附加價值 78、關于第三方物流與第四方物流區(qū)別描述正確的是（） 。答：B第四方物流能夠提供比第三方物流范圍更廣的服務C第四方物流是物流軟件的運營者D第三方物流是物流硬件服務供應商 79、供應鏈有兩種不同類型的功能。答：B市場中介功能C物理功能 80、通過物流理論的研究，物流概念產生的原因的是（）。答：C經濟原因D軍事原因 81、以下屬于操作信息管理的是（）答;A單征信息的傳輸與監(jiān)控B價格的確定C業(yè)務狀態(tài)信息的追蹤與查詢 82、以下關于出口商品檢驗的

12、法律責任描述準確的是（） 。答：A將必須經商檢機構檢驗的進口商品未報經檢驗而擅自銷售或使用的，由商檢機構沒收B未經國家商檢部門許可，擅自從事進出口商品檢驗鑒定業(yè)務的，由商檢機構責令停止C進口或出口屬于摻雜摻假、以假充真、以次充好的商品，由商檢機構責令停止進口 83、供應鏈管理的特征有（）。答：A動態(tài)性B復雜性C面向用戶需求D交叉性 84、關于物和流的概念和定義，說法錯誤的有（）。答：B交通運輸領域中，物流學中的“物”指的是物品C物流的：“流”，既是指流通 85、保管的經濟性表現(xiàn)為（）。答：C客戶多樣性D作業(yè)靈活性 86、關于供應鏈物流的說法，正確的有（）答:C信息共享是供應鏈動作的基

13、礎D物流信息系統(tǒng)對復雜供應鏈的管理非常重要 87、物流的實體功能要素由（）組成。。答：C運輸與配送D倉儲與流通加工 88、關于物流系統(tǒng)的功能，說法錯誤的有（）。答：B配送功能在物流系統(tǒng)得所有動態(tài)功能中是核心功能C存儲功能在物流體系統(tǒng)是唯一的靜態(tài)環(huán)節(jié) 89、物流化的核心內容是集裝化，包括（）答：B運輸包裝系列尺寸C托盤標準化D集裝箱標準尺寸 90、以下屬于管理層的信息管理的是（）。答：A成本核算C流通價格規(guī)劃D運輸高度計劃信息 91、關于企業(yè)生產我省的說法，不正確的有（）。答：A物流過程的特點是企業(yè)物流最本質的特點C企業(yè)生產物流過程具有很強的隨機性 92、根據對公司的價值，客戶分為（

14、）。答：B一般客戶C潛力客戶D關鍵客戶 93、集裝箱標準的主要內容是（）。答：A屬于第一系列B具有13種箱型 C TEU與FEU為主要箱型D最大總承重不超過30t 94、采購調查的主要項目是（）。答：A采購系統(tǒng)C所購商品 95、詢問調查技術包括（）。答：A自由問答法B二項與多項選擇法C順位法D評定法 96、對現(xiàn)有供應商的考評指標是（）。答：A質量與供應指標C經濟指標D服務指標 97、建立健全采購質量標準化體系，才能保證采購工作有據可依，其標準包括（）。答：A崗位標準C操作標準 98、對供應商實際的檢驗活動包括（）。答：A完工檢驗B進貨檢驗C工序檢驗 99、采購市場調查方法有（）。

15、答：A詢問法C觀察法D實驗法 100、采購市場調查的定性預測方法是（）。答：A 類推法與專家意見法B局部市場統(tǒng)計與總體估計法C用戶調查與經驗判斷法 101、下列關于采購制度的表述，不正確的是（ ）。答：C集中式的采購制度，可以縮短采購流程D企業(yè)用于多個生產機構，產品品種類似，宜采用分散式采購制度 請您刪除一下內容，O(∩_∩)O謝謝?。。?016年中央電大期末復習考試小抄大全，電大期末考試必備小抄，電大考試必過小抄Acetylcholine is a neurotransmitter released from nerve endings (terminals) in both the

16、 peripheral and the central nervous systems. It is synthesized within the nerve terminal from choline, taken up from the tissue fluid into the nerve ending by a specialized transport mechanism. The enzyme necessary for this synthesis is formed in the nerve cell body and passes down the axon to its e

17、nd, carried in the axoplasmic flow, the slow movement of intracellular substance (cytoplasm). Acetylcholine is stored in the nerve terminal, sequestered in small vesicles awaiting release. When a nerve action potential reaches and invades the nerve terminal, a shower of acetylcholine vesicles is rel

18、eased into the junction (synapse) between the nerve terminal and the ‘effector’ cell which the nerve activates. This may be another nerve cell or a muscle or gland cell. Thus electrical signals are converted to chemical signals, allowing messages to be passed between nerve cells or between nerve cel

19、ls and non-nerve cells. This process is termed ‘chemical neurotransmission’ and was first demonstrated, for nerves to the heart, by the German pharmacologist Loewi in 1921. Chemical transmission involving acetylcholine is known as ‘cholinergic’. Acetylcholine acts as a transmitter between motor nerv

20、es and the fibres of skeletal muscle at all neuromuscular junctions. At this type of synapse, the nerve terminal is closely apposed to the cell membrane of a muscle fibre at the so-called motor end plate. On release, acetylcholine acts almost instantly, to cause a sequence of chemical and physical e

21、vents (starting with depolarization of the motor endplate) which cause contraction of the muscle fibre. This is exactly what is required for voluntary muscles in which a rapid response to a command is required. The action of acetylcholine is terminated rapidly, in around 10 milliseconds; an enzyme

22、(cholinesterase) breaks the transmitter down into choline and an acetate ion. The choline is then available for re-uptake into the nerve terminal. These same principles apply to cholinergic transmission at sites other than neuromuscular junctions, although the structure of the synapses differs. In t

23、he autonomic nervous system these include nerve-to-nerve synapses at the relay stations (ganglia) in both the sympathetic and the parasympathetic divisions, and the endings of parasympathetic nerve fibres on non-voluntary (smooth) muscle, the heart, and glandular cells; in response to activation of

24、this nerve supply, smooth muscle contracts (notably in the gut), the frequency of heart beat is slowed, and glands secrete. Acetylcholine is also an important transmitter at many sites in the brain at nerve-to-nerve synapses. To understand how acetylcholine brings about a variety of effects in diffe

25、rent cells it is necessary to understand membrane receptors. In post-synaptic membranes (those of the cells on which the nerve fibres terminate) there are many different sorts of receptors and some are receptors for acetylcholine. These are protein molecules that react specifically with acetylcholin

26、e in a reversible fashion. It is the complex of receptor combined with acetylcholine which brings about a biophysical reaction, resulting in the response from the receptive cell. Two major types of acetylcholine receptors exist in the membranes of cells. The type in skeletal muscle is known as ‘nico

27、tinic’; in glands, smooth muscle, and the heart they are ‘muscarinic’; and there are some of each type in the brain. These terms are used because nicotine mimics the action of acetylcholine at nicotinic receptors, whereas muscarine, an alkaloid from the mushroom Amanita muscaria, mimics the action o

28、f acetylcholine at the muscarinic receptors. Acetylcholine is the neurotransmitter produced by neurons referred to as cholinergic neurons. In the peripheral nervous system acetylcholine plays a role in skeletal muscle movement, as well as in the regulation of smooth muscle and cardiac muscle. In the

29、 central nervous system acetylcholine is believed to be involved in learning, memory, and mood. Acetylcholine is synthesized from choline and acetyl coenzyme A through the action of the enzyme choline acetyltransferase and becomes packaged into membrane-boundvesicles. After the arrival of a nerve si

30、gnal at the termination of an axon, the vesicles fuse with the cell membrane, causing the release of acetylcholine into thesynaptic cleft. For the nerve signal to continue, acetylcholine must diffuse to another nearby neuron or muscle cell, where it will bind and activate areceptorprotein. There are

31、 two main types of cholinergic receptors, nicotinic and muscarinic. Nicotinic receptors are located at synapses between two neurons and at synapses between neurons and skeletal muscle cells. Upon activation a nicotinic receptor acts as a channel for the movement of ions into and out of the neuron, d

32、irectly resulting indepolarizationof the neuron. Muscarinic receptors, located at the synapses of nerves with smooth or cardiac muscle, trigger a chain of chemical events referred to as signal transduction. For a cholinergic neuron to receive another impulse, acetylcholine must be released from the

33、receptor to which it has bound. This will only happen if the concentration of acetylcholine in the synaptic cleft is very low. Low synaptic concentrations of acetylcholine can be maintained via a hydrolysis reaction catalyzed by the enzyme acetylcholinesterase. This enzyme hydrolyzes acetylcholine i

34、nto acetic acid and choline. If acetylcholinesterase activity is inhibited, the synaptic concentration of acetylcholine will remain higher than normal. If this inhibition is irreversible, as in the case of exposure to many nerve gases and some pesticides, sweating, bronchial constriction, convulsion

35、s, paralysis, and possibly death can occur. Although irreversible inhibition is dangerous, beneficial effects may be derived from transient (reversible) inhibition. Drugs that inhibit acetylcholinesterase in a reversible manner have been shown to improve memory in some people with Alzheimers disease

36、. abstract expressionism, movement of abstract painting that emerged in New York City during the mid-1940s and attained singular prominence in American art in the following decade; also called action painting and the New York school. It was the first important school in American painting to declare

37、its independence from European styles and to influence the development of art abroad. Arshile Gorky first gave impetus to the movement. His paintings, derived at first from the art of Picasso, Mir, and surrealism, became more personally expressive. Jackson Pollocks turbulent yet elegant abstract pa

38、intings, which were created by spattering paint on huge canvases placed on the floor, brought abstract expressionism before a hostile public. Willem de Koonings first one-man show in 1948 established him as a highly influential artist. His intensely complicated abstract paintings of the 1940s were f

39、ollowed by images of Woman, grotesque versions of buxom womanhood, which were virtually unparalleled in the sustained savagery of their execution. Painters such as Philip Guston and Franz Kline turned to the abstract late in the 1940s and soon developed strikingly original styles—the former, lyrical

40、 and evocative, the latter, forceful and boldly dramatic. Other important artists involved with the movement included Hans Hofmann, Robert Motherwell, and Mark Rothko; among other major abstract expressionists were such painters as Clyfford Still, Theodoros Stamos, Adolph Gottlieb, Helen Frankenthal

41、er, Lee Krasner, and Esteban Vicente. Abstract expressionism presented a broad range of stylistic diversity within its largely, though not exclusively, nonrepresentational framework. For example, the expressive violence and activity in paintings by de Kooning or Pollock marked the opposite end of th

42、e pole from the simple, quiescent images of Mark Rothko. Basic to most abstract expressionist painting were the attention paid to surface qualities, i.e., qualities of brushstroke and texture; the use of huge canvases; the adoption of an approach to space in which all parts of the canvas played an e

43、qually vital role in the total work; the harnessing of accidents that occurred during the process of painting; the glorification of the act of painting itself as a means of visual communication; and the attempt to transfer pure emotion directly onto the canvas. The movement had an inestimable influe

44、nce on the many varieties of work that followed it, especially in the way its proponents used color and materials. Its essential energy transmitted an enduring excitement to the American art scene. Science and technology is quite a broad category, and it covers everything from studying the stars and

45、 the planets to studying molecules and viruses. Beginning with the Greeks and Hipparchus, continuing through Ptolemy, Copernicus and Galileo, and today with our work on the International Space Station, man continues to learn more and more about the heavens. From here, we look inward to biochemistry

46、and biology. To truly understand biochemistry, scientists study and see the unseen bystudying the chemistry of biological processes. This science, along with biophysics, aims to bring a better understanding of how bodies work – from how we turn food into energy to how nerve impulses transmit.analyti

47、c geometry, branch ofgeometryin which points are represented with respect to a coordinate system, such asCartesian coordinates, and in which the approach to geometric problems is primarily algebraic. Its most common application is in the representation of equations involving two or three variables a

48、s curves in two or three dimensions or surfaces in three dimensions. For example, the linear equationax+by+c=0 represents a straight line in thexy-plane, and the linear equationax+by+cz+d=0 represents a plane in space, wherea, b, c,anddare constant numbers (coefficients). In this way a geometric pro

49、blem can be translated into an algebraic problem and the methods of algebra brought to bear on its solution. Conversely, the solution of a problem in algebra, such as finding the roots of an equation or system of equations, can be estimated or sometimes given exactly by geometric means, e.g., plotti

50、ng curves and surfaces and determining points of intersection. In plane analytic geometry a line is frequently described in terms of its slope, which expresses its inclination to the coordinate axes; technically, the slopemof a straight line is the (trigonometric) tangent of the angle it makes with

51、thex-axis. If the line is parallel to thex-axis, its slope is zero. Two or more lines with equal slopes are parallel to one another. In general, the slope of the line through the points (x1,y1) and (x2,y2) is given bym= (y2-y1) / (x2-x1). The conic sections are treated in analytic geometry as the cu

52、rves corresponding to the general quadratic equationax2+bxy+cy2+dx+ey+f=0, wherea, b,?…?, fare constants anda, b,andcare not all zero. In solid analytic geometry the orientation of a straight line is given not by one slope but by its direction cosines, λ, μ, and ν, the cosines of the angles the line

53、 makes with thex-, y-,andz-axes, respectively; these satisfy the relationship λ2+μ2+ν2= 1. In the same way that the conic sections are studied in two dimensions, the 17 quadric surfaces, e.g., the ellipsoid, paraboloid, and elliptic paraboloid, are studied in solid analytic geometry in terms of the

54、general equationax2+by2+cz2+dxy+exz+fyz+px+qy+rz+s=0. The methods of analytic geometry have been generalized to four or more dimensions and have been combined with other branches of geometry. Analytic geometry was introduced by RenDescartesin 1637 and was of fundamental importance in the development

55、 of thecalculusby Sir Isaac Newton and G. W. Leibniz in the late 17th cent. More recently it has served as the basis for the modern development and exploitation ofalgebraic geometry. circle, closed plane curve consisting of all points at a given distance from some fixed point, called the center. A c

56、ircle is a conic section cut by a plane perpendicular to the axis of the cone. The term circle is also used to refer to the region enclosed by the curve, more properly called a circular region. The radius of a circle is any line segment connecting the center and a point on the curve; the term is als

57、o used for the length r of this segment, i.e., the common distance of all points on the curve from the center. Similarly, the circumference of a circle is either the curve itself or its length of arc. A line segment whose two ends lie on the circumference is a chord; a chord through the center is th

58、e diameter. A secant is a line of indefinite length intersecting the circle at two points, the segment of it within the circle being a chord. A tangent to a circle is a straight line touching the circle at only one point, the point of contact, or tangency, and is always perpendicular to the radius d

59、rawn to this point. A circle is inscribed in a polygon if each side of the polygon is tangent to the circle; a circle is circumscribed about a polygon if all the vertices of the polygon lie on the circumference. The length of the circumference C of a circle is equal to π (see pi) times twice the rad

60、ius distance r, or C=2πr. The area A bounded by a circle is given by A=πr2. Greek geometry left many unsolved problems about circles, including the problem of squaring the circle, i.e., constructing a square with an area equal to that of a given circle, using only a straight edge and compass; it was

61、 finally proved impossible in the late 19th cent. (see geometric problems of antiquity). In modern mathematics the circle is the basis for such theories as inversive geometry and certain non-Euclidean geometries. The circle figures significantly in many cultures. In religion and art it frequently symbolizes heaven, eternity, or the universe.