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1、 浙江大學(xué)高等教育自學(xué)考試 畢業(yè)論文（設(shè)計(jì)）說明書 淺議《傲慢與偏見》中伊麗莎白與達(dá)西的婚姻 The combination based on love and idealism results in a successful marriage -------The marriage of Elizabeth and Mr. Darcy in pride and prejudice Contents Abstract 3 I.

2、 Introduction 4 Ⅱ. Jane Austen and her pride and prejudice 4 2.1. About the author 4 2.2. Social background 5 2.3. Women’s position

3、in Austen’s time 5 2.4. Austen’s literary concern 5 III．Characters of Elizabeth and Mr. Darcy 5 3.1Character of Elizabeth 6 3.1.1 Sensible

4、 6 3.1.2 Lovely and Humor 7 3.1.3 Pride and prejudice 7 3.1.4. Independence 7 3.2 Characters of Darcy

5、 8 3.2.1 Pride 8 3.2.2 Integrity and Kindness 8 3.2.3 From a gentleman of Blood to a gentleman of sensibility 9 IV. Marriage between Elizabeth and Darcy

6、 9 4.1 A Successfulmarriage 10 4.2 Social factors 10 4.3 Social claims 10 V. Conclusion 11 Bibliography

7、 11 Abstract Pride and prejudice has traditionally been interpreted as a work praising those women who fought for a happy marriage. This article analyses the marriage of Mr. Darcy and Elizabeth, two characters in Jane Austen’s pride and prej

8、udice. It is analyzed from the two persons’ perspective characters, the social factors and the marriage influence on them. Though this analysis, the paper proves that the marriage of Mr. Darcy and Elizabeth is base on love and similar interests. The combination based on love and idealism results in

9、a successful marriage. meanwhile, it expressed the viewpoints on marriage that money-oriented marriage and sex-oriented marriage are not successful although the people can live together. Key words: Marriage Love successful idealism Character -----淺議簡.奧斯丁《傲慢與偏見》中兩位主角伊麗沙

10、白和達(dá)西的婚姻. 摘要 《傲慢與偏見》歷來被認(rèn)為是作者為謳歌女性追求幸?；橐龅牟恍概γ孀?。這篇文章重在對(duì)奧斯丁的《傲慢與偏見》中兩位主角伊麗沙白和達(dá)西他們各自的性格特征，以及當(dāng)時(shí)的社會(huì)因素和這對(duì)婚姻的社會(huì)影響方面來具體分析。通過這些分析，用以證明他們的婚姻是建立在愛情和共同的性格的基礎(chǔ)上，他們的婚姻是愛情與理想的成功結(jié)合。同時(shí)，也說明了建立在金錢和沖動(dòng)的基礎(chǔ)上的婚姻是不幸福的，雖然他們能生活在一起。 關(guān)鍵詞：婚姻 愛情 成功 理想 性格 Ⅰ. Introduction The book “pride and prejudice” has been

11、 value as the most successful and popular masterpiece. In this novel, Jane Austen mainly described the ordinary life of the Bennets. She told us four different marriages to show the readers that different people have different attitudes towards love. And also she expressed her own viewpoints on marr

12、iage that a combination based on love and similar interests is a happy and perfect marriage. In her opinion, the money-oriented marriage and sex-oriented marriage are not successful although the people can live together. The theme is narrow, but she showed us a beautiful tableau of the England peopl

13、e’s life of her own time. It seems that she had a talent to describe the ordinary life of people. Pride and prejudice begins with a most famous sentence in English literature, “it is a truth universallyacknowledgedthatasinglemaninpossessionofa good fortune must be in want of a wife.” ((Austen1978:5

14、) withthissentenceascore, the novel tells the story of the noble youngmanDarcyandintelligentElizabeth, after a serial of events and misunderstanding, they get a happy ending. so, the combination of decent Darcy and sensible Elizabeth results in a successful marriage. Darcy is a good man of integrity

15、 with proud appearance. He is constant in his love and willing to make sacrifice for his lover; his true love to Elizabeth leads to his first proposal to Elizabeth regardless of her humble family and her inferior position; his descent character and true love to Elizabeth result in the fact that he d

16、id his utmost to rescue Wickhame and Lydia from their trouble. Elizabeth is an intelligent and sensible girl, who is self-dignified and prone to hasty judgments. She is also brave and discreet in her love. Her intelligence, bravery and discretion in love bring about the fact that she refused Collins

17、’ first proposal against her mother’s will; the fact that she is self-dignified and prone to hasty judgments leads to her refusal of Darcy’s proposal. Her sensibility and right love concept bring about her successful marriage. “ II. Jane Austen and her pride and prejudice 2.1．About the author Ja

18、ne Austen is a famous English novelist in English literature in the 19th century. “She was born in 1775 at Stevenson in Hampshire of middle-class parents.”(London: Macmillan Education Ltd, 1985) She never accepted the formal school education. But “the wide range of activities within the Austen famil

19、y country walks, charades, reading writing stories and family plays, constituted a rich informal education for the children, and stimulated Jane Austen’s ambition to become a novelist.” During the forty-two years of her life, Austen had completed six novels [Northanger Abbey, sense and sensibility,

20、 Pride and prejudice, Mansfield Park, Emma, and Persuasion] and left behind three fragments. Pride and Prejudice is Jane Austen’s masterpiece. The initial title of the novel pride and prejudice is “First Impressions” which was written between October 1796 and August 1797, it first publishes in 1813.

21、 The book tells a story about love affairs between the heroine—Elizabeth Ben net and the hero---Fitzwilliam Darcy, and mainly talks about the process of their becoming lovers. Firstly one possesses prejudice, the other possesses pride; then they both overcome their shortcomings; finally, they achiev

22、e their happiness. 2.2. Social Background To know what Austen writes pride and prejudice for, we should have a clear mind of the social background. There are many social straits in Austen’s time and people in each class have different destinies. In Austen’s days, there were no centrally organize

23、d systems of state-supported education. Of course, women were not allowed to attend the institutionalized rungs on the educational ladder. At that time, Britain was at the period of transition from the earlier stage of capitalism to capitalist Industrialization. In the countryside, the aristocratic

24、family still held great power and right that country squires were likely to fawn upon them. However, as the development of capitalism and the expand of the rank of rich people. The distinction between social strata was becoming smaller and smaller, while money was getting more and more important in

25、people’s mind about social value, A western literature critic once said that “even David (a British economist) had a unlikely clearer understanding about the function of money in daily life as Jane Austen had”1 It is exactly because of the secure pledge in finance that the country squire society cou

26、ld be existing strongly and solidly. 2.3. Women’s position in Austen’s time At that time, the Industrial Revolution of the 18th century made women’s liberation possible. Mass production needed more hands and machine could be operated by women who were not physically as strong as men. The lower

27、-class women became wage earners in factories. This was the beginning of their independence. But, women still enjoy a low social status in society, there was no requirement for academic education for women, they have no way to get education, and very little opportunity for women to use knowledge. Th

28、erefore, marriage is a good way out for women. On the other hand, Property is a very important factor in Jane Austen’s time. “Only young women with beautiful appearance and food family background can they have lots of opportunities to get a satisfactory marriage.” 2.4. Austen’s literary concern

29、As a novelist Jane Austen writes within every narrow sphere. The subject matter, the character range, the social setting and plots are all restricted to the provincial life of the late 18th-century England, concerning three or four landed gentry’ families their daily routine life, relationship with

30、members of their own family and with their friend. Dancing parties, tea parties, picnics, and gossips, in her works, Austen vividly revealed the class relationship, social customs and social morals of her time by meticulously and humorously depicting the life of the rural gentry at that time. She w

31、as the founder of the novel which deals with unimportant middle class people and of which there are many fine examples in later English fiction. She is also sparing of descrying the internal thoughts and emotion’s of male characters. Austen’s careful craftsmanship has enabled her novels to be popula

32、r with readers in every generation. III．Characters of Elizabeth and Mr. Darcy Though pride and prejudice, we find that DarcyandElizabeth possess some good qualities. They have their own personal charm. Elizabeth is the protagonist of Pride and prejudice and one of the most well-known female c

33、haracters in English literature. Elizabethhasmanyvirtues:sheisagirlwith wit,quicknessofobservation, intelligent, vivacious, humorous, lovely, playfuldisposition and she has a strong sense of personality and dignity. She converses as brilliantly as anyone. Her honesty, virtue, and lively wit enable h

34、er to rise above the nonsense and bad behavior that pervade her class-bound and often spiteful society. Mr. Darcy is a wealthy and reserved man, though he often appears haughty or proud to strangers. But he is a good man, a man of integrity, with the somber attractiveness of a wicked one. Such perso

35、ns’ characters will enable them to make idealism and rationalism marriage. 3.1 Character of Elizabeth Elizabeth is the 2nd daughter of Bennets’ family and she is also “her father’s favorite daughter who having inherited his wit and intelligence.’(London: York Press, 1980) “Elizabeth is much more

36、 spirited and independent than a twenty-year-old lady of her period would ordinarily be.” She has perhaps received more admiration than any other heroine in English literature; she is “unique.” She is intelligent, vivacious, humorous, perceptive and quick-witted, and she has a strong sense of person

37、ality and dignity. 3.1.1 Sensible Among the characters appeared in the novel, it’s no doubt that Elizabeth is the most outstanding person. “She was a young woman very much addicted to making speeches, very pert often, fond of having the last word, and prone to hasty judgments, with really nothing

38、 but her prettiness and a certain sharp smartness of talk to recommend her.”(Margaret Oliphant 290) she was self-dignified and sensible, valued true love as something noble and lofty, but never trade self-esteem with love, never trade money with love. She is very sober in doing things. No matter

39、what she does or says, both in appropriate terms. She also stresses reality. So compare with her mother who “was a woman of mean understanding, little information, and uncertain tern per.”(Beijing; foreign language Teaching and Research Press, 1991, 3) and with her father who is able to adapt himsel

40、f to different circumstances and also very passive, indolent and with her three sisters who are very shallow, frivolous, capricious; and with her surrounding world which full of the foolish people, Elizabeth is the only person who owns the superior reason. 3.1.2 Lovely and Humor Comparison with

41、some particular girl, Elizabeth disclosed her special characters; she is full of richer thoughts than Miss. Bingley, also she is more magnanimous, plainer than her; Elizabeth is more beautiful than Charlotte, and compare with her, Elizabeth has greater ideal and higher pursuit; Elizabeth is cleverer

42、, more courageous than her sisters, comparing with Jane, whose manner is elegant and temper is mild. “Elizabeth has originality, especially in her liveliness, which makes her an interesting character.” (London: York press, 1980, 40). There is sentence taken from the novel, “She (Elizabeth) had a lo

43、vely, playful disposition, which delighted in anything ridiculous” (Beijing; foreign language Teaching and Research Press, 1991, 3). This sentence can well summarize her lovely disposition. Such disposition that she owns makes her attractive, well liked by other women (her aunt and Charlottes Lucas

44、in particular) and much admired by men. She is the most favorite daughter of her father. Form this sentence, we can see her father’s likeness of her, and “Lizzy has something more of quickness than her sister.” Elizabeth was humors. Her dialogue with Darcy, her father and Jane is full of humors; sh

45、e seldom speaks without an elegant manner. She “has more freedom of maneuver” with language, more conceptual space to move around in.” and as a result, she can foretell things and is capable of arriving at independent and thought----out conclusions of her own. Elizabeth “has a healthy sense of humor

46、, even to the point of joking about Mr. Darcy’s rude behavior toward herself at the ball” (London: York press, 1980, 40). After hearing such rude words “she is tolerable; but not handsome enough to temp me, and I an in no humor at present to give consequence to young ladies who are slighted by other

47、 men.” Elizabeth doesn’t fluster and exasperate. Instead, because she owns the sense of humor, she even tells these words with Great Spirit among her friends. What a lovely girl Elizabeth is! 3.1.3 Pride and prejudice Indeed, Elizabeth is full of pride and prejudice. Pride is the very elemen

48、t in her life. She openly declares, “There are few people whom I really love, and still fewer of whom I think well.” However, her pride, generally speaking, is under good regulation. Elizabeth is proud of her detachment on marriage. She shakes off conventions on this problem.Elizabethhastoadmitthef

49、actthatsheisnotinamuchwealthy family, thus she must marry a wealthy man, and as a woman of that time, she has few chances to choose. However Elizabethisasensiblewoman,shewouldnotacceptthemarriage unless it is on the base of understandingandequalityofbothsides. She rejects marrying only for the world

50、ly advantage. She scorns Miss Bingley’s over eagerness to please Darcy, and rejects Charlotte’s schemes for securing a husband. She would not be controlled by man who is superior in position and property. Sherejectsmarryingonlyfortheworldlyadvantage. She scorns Miss Bingley’s over eagerness toplease

51、Darcy,andrejectsCharlotte’sschemesfor securing a husband. Shewouldnotbecontrolledbyman whoissuperiorinpositionand property. So whenMr. Collinsproposeswithtoomuchconfidence, his speech is enough to offend Elizabeth. “You must give meleavetoflattermyself,mydearcousin, that you refusal of my address i

52、s merely word of course, my reasons for believing it are briefly these.-----and you should take it into further consideration, that inspiteofyourmanifold attractions, it is by no means certain that another offer of marriage my ever be made you. You portion is unhappily so small, that it will in all

53、likelihood undo the effects of your liveliness and amiable qualifications.”(Austen 1978:87-88) what he said is ridiculous to Elizabeth, her rejection to this condescension is, “you could not make me happy, and I am convinced that I am the last woman in the world who would make you so.” (Austen 1978:

54、87) Similarly, whenDarcyfirstproposestoElizabeth, he expresses his sense of her inferiority at the same time when he expresses his love. Elizabeth could see “he has no doubt of a favorable answer.” Although she is sorry for his pain at first in spite of her dislike, she is offended by his pride aga

55、in. Darcy is unaware that by saying so he has hurt Elizabeth’s pride. Then he gets such rejection” I has not known you a month before I felt that you were the last man in the world whom I could ever be prevailed on to marry.” (Austen 1978:151) 3.1.4 Independence She despises her mother’s dre

56、adful mentality and unbearably vulgar and also her younger sisters’ flirtatiousness and dissoluteness, but is never ashamed of her amiable uncle and aunt, Mr. And Mrs. Gardiner just because of their profession as merchants. She firmly refuse Mr. Collins’s proposal, against her mother’s expectation,

57、because she does not will never love him, and declines Mr. Darcy resolutely, for his expressing his love to her arrogantly and impertinently. She once holds good feelings on Wickham, considering him to be the most agreeable man she has ever met. But meanwhile, she thinks it is too imprudent to fall

58、in love with him. She once says to her aunt, Mrs. Gardiner, “I will take care of myself and of Mr. Wickham too. He shall not be in love with me, if I can prevent it.” So when Wickham gets engaged with Miss King, she does not feel a little bit sad but free. 3.2 Characters of Darcy 3.2.1 Pride

59、 At the front part of the novel, the readers’ attention is first drawn to Mr. Darcy as a result of “his fine, tall person, handsome features, and noble mien”. “He was at first singled out for attention and his looks admired because he is rumored to have ten thousand a year. This makes him much hands

60、omer than Mr. Bingley. However, by the end of the hall, he is found to have a forbidding, disagreeable countenance and is unworthy of comparison with his friend because of his bad manners.”(London: Macmillan Education lode, 1985, 45) Since Darcy is from the upper class, he grows up in a strong awar

61、eness of rank and power from his very childhood, so it is unavoidable that he has pride in his mind and is aloft and superior in his behavior towards his new acquaintance. When he comes to Longbourn, the persons there and the manners they take are far different from what he is familiar with. Though

62、there are so many pleasant girls, “there is not another woman in the room whom it would not be a punishment to me to stand up with.” And also, Darcy’s image as a proud man is further emphasized with his offensive rejection of Elizabeth, when Mr. Bingley asks him to dance with Elizabeth--- an unknown

63、 person to him, he says: “she is tolerable, but not handsome enough to tempt me”. Darcy is haughty and biased against Elizabeth’s family, at first conspicuously represented by her flighty younger sisters, her mother and Mr. Collins. Despite his wealth, however, he is contrasted with his popular fri

64、end Bingley and is found to be arrogant and proud, “he was looked at with great admiration for about half the evening, till his manners gave a disgust which turned the tide of his popularity; for he was discovered to be proud, to be above his company, or above being pleased!”(Wu weren125) 3.2.2 I

65、ntegrity and kindness Darcy was very pound. but, as a matter of fact, he was g good man, a man of integrity, with the somber attractiveness of a wicked one. His love to Elizabeth, nourished by day-to-day encounters with her, grew steadily and quickly. He admired Elizabeth for her intelligence and d

66、isposition, tried to understand her by every possible means. The more he understood, the more he loved her. And so, Darcy’s steady character and noble minds determine that his love was not mere overnight’s impulse. After having been accused of arrogance and selfish of the feelings of others, Darcy decided to make a change of him. In order to win the favorable impression of Elizabeth, h