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話題13健康(Health),本文主要講述人們的飲食習(xí)慣在改變，大家轉(zhuǎn)而追求自然健康的飲食。自然的食物包括蔬菜、水果和谷物。他們種在地里并且是有機(jī)食物。自然的食物還包括能讓家禽自由活動的牧場。人們對糖的理解也不一樣，實(shí)際上，糖對人體并無益處。,美文研讀,1.A在第一段“becausemuchofthefoodtheyeat,especiallyprocessedfood,isnotgoodforthehealth”可知加工過的食物人們并不感興趣。因此該選項錯誤，故選A。其他選項是正確的：選項B，由在第二段“Thisinitselfisanaturalprocesscomparedwiththeuseofchemicalsandfertilizers,themainpurposeofwhichistoincreasetheamount—butnotthequality—offoods”可知，化學(xué)肥料到處都被使用，因為要提高產(chǎn)量而不是質(zhì)量。選項C，由第二段中的“Naturalfoods,forexample,arevegetables,fruitandgrainwhichhavebeengrowninsoilthatisrichinorganicmatter”可知，農(nóng)民使用有機(jī)肥料種自然健康食物。選項D，在第三段“Chickenskeptinthiswayarenotonlytastelessasfood;theyalsoproduceeggswhichlackimportantvitamins”，雖然沒有直接說明，但是可以知道沒有自由行走的雞生的蛋無重要的維生素。,2.C從第三段可知雞是在農(nóng)場活動。A是森林，B山川，C草地，D公園，所以答案是C。3.A通讀全文提到自然健康食物和少吃糖可知選A。4.sugarisunnecessaryfood,butweeatittoomuch.Soweshouldeatlesssugar,［復(fù)記強(qiáng)化］pare3.amount4.feed5.attention6.expert7.意識到8.“越來越濃的興趣”或“越來越感興趣”9.被……影響到10.主要的目的11.擁擠地住在一起12.不需要的食物,一、句子翻譯1.strength/advantages,plentyof/lotsof,bine,abalancedmenu3.Accordingto,neither,nor4.Inordertokeepfit/healthy,weoughttoknowmoreaboutourbody.,知識運(yùn)用,5.Don’teatfoodthatcontainsmuchsugarandfat.6.Itisbettertoeatfreshfruitsandvegetablebecausetheyhavemuchfibreandvitamins.7.Youshoulddoregularexercisetobuildupyourbody.8.Inaword/all,healthyfoodandgoodlivingconditionaregoodwaystokeephealthy.,二、短文填空①loseweight②doesharmto③Asweknow④areaddictedto⑤insteadof⑥communicatingwith⑦leadto⑧formgoodeatinghabits⑨payattentionto,本篇為疾病介紹類說明文，向讀者描述了瘧疾的癥狀、人類所受的危害及此疾病傳播的原因。1.A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章第一段第四句中的earninglessthantwohundreddollarsayear可推斷這些家庭是貧困的，故A正確。根據(jù)句中“notunusual”可排除B項。第一段最后一句“nofamily,village,hospital,orworkplacecanremainunaffectedforlong.”可知C項錯誤。D項屬于事實(shí)，而非原因。,典型例題,2.B推理判斷題。由最后一段的第三句(buttheyhavebeeninshortsupplyandareveryexpensive)得知B項正確。根據(jù)最后一段第一句“Fordecades,thefirst-choicetreatmentformalariaparasitesinAfricahasbeenchloroquine,achemicalwhichisverycheapandeasytomake.”可知是有治療藥物的，排除A。由“Malaria,theworld’smostwidespreadparasitic(寄生蟲引起的)disease”可知“malaria”是由“parasites”所引起的，所以不需要“resist”,排除C。“Ifthesedrugsshouldfail,nobodyknowswhatwouldcomenext.”可知D項有誤。,3.D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章第二段倒數(shù)第三句話(itsabilitytochangerapidlytodefenditselfandresistnewdrugshasmadeitnearlyimpossibletocontrol)得知D項正確。由“Someofthedisease’sspreadisduetoglobalwarming”可知A項與文意相反。由第二段倒數(shù)第二句“Studiesshowthatmosquitoesarepassingonthevirusmorefrequently，andtherearemoreoutbreaksincitieswithlargepopulations”可知B、C項有誤，B項中“its”指代“mosquitoes”而非“thedisease”，C項為結(jié)果而非原因。,4.C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章第二段第三句“Malariaparasiteslivebyeatingtheredbloodcellstheyinfect”可知C項正確。A項理解有誤。根據(jù)文中第二段第五句“Ifitdoesn’tkillyou,malariacanhappenagainandagainforyears”可排除B項。而第三段第一句“Malariastartssuddenly,withviolentchills,whicharesoonfollowedbyanintensefeverand,often,headaches”可知D項有誤。5.D主旨大意題。根據(jù)全文所討論的內(nèi)容得知，選項A,C在第二段討論到了，選項B在第一段討論到了。,［復(fù)記強(qiáng)化］disease2.seek3.earn4.income5.remain6.defend7.控制8.經(jīng)常地9.爆發(fā)10.十年11.有抵抗力的12.可用的13.使…相關(guān)；使……依14.傳給……,文章說明了空氣質(zhì)量與人們心臟健康之間的關(guān)系。1.A主旨大意題。本文的主題句是第一段最后一句Butthereisanotherfactorthatcancauseyourheartproblemsmoreimmediately:theairyoubreathe可知。注意，but,however等是作者表達(dá)自己觀點(diǎn)的重要提示詞，即常常是主題句的信號詞。,實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練,2.C詞義猜測題。根據(jù)這句話中的信息詞small及and可知，與small并列的或“同現(xiàn)”的應(yīng)是low，故選relativelylow。3.C是否判斷題。由NOTtrue可知，選項是三正一誤，題目要求考生選出錯誤選項。選項C與第二段最后一句意思相反，錯誤，故選C。選項A與第二段第一句but后的內(nèi)容相同，正確；由第三段第一句可知，選項B正確；由文章最后一句可推斷出，應(yīng)當(dāng)對污染物制訂更加嚴(yán)格的規(guī)定，選項D正確。,4.A寫作目的題。本文主要說明一個事實(shí)和現(xiàn)象，給人們提供相關(guān)知識和信息(inform)，而不是“說服”“描寫”“娛樂”。5.A文體推斷題。據(jù)文章內(nèi)容判斷，本文應(yīng)選自asciencemagazine，而不是選自“科幻小說”“旅游指南”“個人日記”。,［復(fù)記強(qiáng)化］fatty2.risk3.breathe4.pollution5.quality6.強(qiáng)調(diào)7.血壓8.襲擊9.先前的10.因素11.sufferfrom12.beawareof13.不顧，不管,第一步，寫出關(guān)鍵詞。publicplaces2.acrossthewholecountry/alloverthecountry3.bansmoking4.carryout5.aim6.Indoor7.takemeasures8.post9.signsofsmokingban10.affect,典型例題,二、信息表達(dá)。1.TheChinesegovernmenthasdecidedtobansmoking.2.TheChinesegovernmentwillcarryoutthesmokingbanacrossthewholecountryfromJanuary1,2011.3.Theaimofsmokingbanisthattherewillbenosmokinginallindoorpublicplaces.4.Weshouldtakesomemeasuressuchaspostingsignsofsmokingban.,5.InChina,thereareabout350millionsmokers.6.75%ofthesmokersaremen.7.25%ofthesmokersarewomen.8.About540millionpeopleareaffectedbysecond-handsmoke.9.100thousandpeoplediefromsecond-handsmokeeveryyear.,第三步，信息整合。第一組：TheChinesegovernmenthasdecidedtobansmokingandwillcarryoutthesmokingbanacrossthewholecountryfromJanuary1,2011,theaimofwhichisthattherewillbenosmokinginallindoorpublicplaces.第三組：InChina,thereareabout350millionsmokers,amongwhom75%aremenand25%arewomen.,第四組：About540millionpeopleareaffectedbysecond-handsmoke，whichcauses100thousanddeathseveryyear.第四步，連句成篇。Torealizetheaim，What’sworse，Therefore,itisnecessaryforthegovernmenttobansmokinginourcountry.,TheChinesegovernmenthasdecidedtobansmokingandthebanwillbecarriedoutacrossthewholecountryfromJanuary1,2011,theaimofwhichistomakesurethattherewillbenosmokinginallindoorpublicplaces.,第五步，潤色提升。該作文各個句子依次使用的語法句式有：定語從句、非謂語和虛擬語氣、并列句（while），被動語態(tài)、固定表達(dá)（銜接性句式what’sworse）和簡單句。為了進(jìn)一步豐富作文的表達(dá)，可以使用的語法句式還有：感嘆句、強(qiáng)調(diào)句、倒裝句和IT句型等。,Toachieve/accomplishiteffectively,weshouldtakesomemeasuressuchasposting/puttingupsignsofsmokingban.Uptonow,thereareapproximately350millionsmokersinChina,consistingof75%maleand25%female.Whatisworse,about540millionpeopleareaffectedbysecond-handsmoke,whichcauses100thousanddeathperyear.Therefore,itisnecessaryfortheChinesegovernmenttobansmokinginthewholecountry/itishightimetotakestrongactiontobansmoking.,TopMealoftheDayArecentstudyshowsthat50%oftheschoolkidsofcitiesdonothavebreakfast.Somestudentswhostayuplateintonightchoosenottohavebreakfastsothattheycanhaveafewextraminutesinbed.Besides,someschoolgirlswanttostayslimandoftengotoschoolwithoutbreakfast.,實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練,Asaresultofthese,thesestudentstendtofeelsleepyalldayandhavebadmemories,soitishardforthemtogethighmarksinallkindsoftests.Infact,themorningmealplaysanimportantpartbecauseitcanprovide30percentofthewholeday’senergy.Foracreativemindandbetterjudgment,schoolkidsshouldstarttheirdaywitharegularbreakfast.,