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2019-2020年高三英語專題復(fù)習(xí) 在句子中起名詞作用的句子叫名詞從句 內(nèi)容： 名詞性從句 重難點突破： 在句子中起名詞作用的句子叫名詞從句 (Noun Clauses）。 名詞從句的功能相當(dāng)于名詞詞組, 它在復(fù)合句中能擔(dān)任主語、賓語、表語、同位語、介詞賓語等，因此根據(jù)它在句中不同的語法功能，名詞從句又可分別稱為主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句。 一、引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的連接詞 引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的連接詞可分為三類： A: that（無任何詞意）在從句中均不充當(dāng)任何成分 B: whether, if（均表示“是否”表明從句內(nèi)容的不確定性） as if ,as though（均表示“好像”，“似乎”） 在從句中均不充當(dāng)任何成分 C:連接代詞有意義，且在從句中作相應(yīng)的成分。 成分 人/物 主語 賓語 表語 定語 人 who/whoever whom/whomever who whose 物 what/whatever what what which/whichever 連接副詞有意義，且在從句中作相應(yīng)的成分 地點狀語 時間狀語 原因狀語 方式狀語 where when why how 例如：What makes this shop different is that it offers more personal services. .See the flags on top of the building? That was what we did this morning. Whoever wants to stay in a hotel has to pay their own way. He asked me which tie I wanted to buy Our success depends upon how well we can cooperate with one another　 Where he worked is not far from here When he came is not known to us all. I didn’t know why he didn’t e 二. 主語從句 作句子主語的從句叫主語從句。主語從句后的謂語動詞一般用單數(shù)形式。一般常用，用it作形式主語從句作真正主語 三、賓語從句 名詞句用作賓語的從句叫賓語從句。在句中可以作謂語動詞或介詞及非謂語動詞的賓語。 1. 由連接詞that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句 由連接詞that引導(dǎo)賓語從句時，that在句中不擔(dān)任任何成分，在口語或非正式的文體中常被省去，但如從句是并列句時,第二個分句前的that不可省。 注意：在demand、order、suggest、decide、insist, desire, request, mand等表示要求、命令、建議、決定等意義的動詞后，賓語從句常用“（should）+ 動詞原形”。例如： I insist that she (should) do her work alone. 我堅持要她自己工作。 2. 用who，whom, which, whose, what, when, where, why, how, whoever, whatever, whichever等關(guān)聯(lián)詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句相當(dāng)于特殊疑問句，應(yīng)注意句子語序要用陳述語序?！　 want to know what he has told you. 我想知道他告訴了你什么。 She always thinks of how she can work well. 她總是在想怎樣能把工作做好。 3. 注意賓語從句中的時態(tài)呼應(yīng)，當(dāng)主句動詞是現(xiàn)在時，從句根據(jù)自身的句子情況而使用不同時態(tài)。當(dāng)主句動詞是過去時態(tài)（could, would除外），從句則要用相應(yīng)的過去時態(tài)，如一般過去時，過去進(jìn)行時，過去將來時等；當(dāng)從句表示的是客觀真理，科學(xué)原理，自然現(xiàn)象，則從句仍用現(xiàn)在時態(tài)。 The teacher told us that Tom had left us for America． 4. think, believe, imagine, suppose等等動詞引起的否定性賓語從句中，要把上述主句中的動詞變?yōu)榉穸ㄊ?。即將從句中的否定形式移到主句? 而從句的謂語動詞用肯定式 I don’t believe he will do so. 我相信他不會這樣做。 5. 動詞（表示好惡的動詞）+ it +從句 （ it沒有任何意義 ） I heard it that he had gone abroad. I hate it when people speak with their mouth full. 6. 主語 + 謂語 + 形式賓語it + 賓補(bǔ) +賓語從句 I feel it a terrible thing that I have to get up so early. I took it for granted that you would stay with us. 四、表語從句 在句中作表語的從句叫表語從句。表語從句位于連系動詞后，有時用as if引導(dǎo)。其基本結(jié)構(gòu)為：主語 + 系動詞 + that從句?！　? That is why he didn’t e to the meeting. 那就是他為什么不到會的原因。 It looks as if it is going to rain. 看上去天要下雨了。 溫馨提示： 1. 當(dāng)主語是reason時，表語從句要用that引導(dǎo)而不是because。： The reason why he was late was that he missed the train by one minute this morning . 2. that’s why….與that’s because…的區(qū)別 He was ill. That’s why he was absent from school. He was absent from school . That’s because he was ill. 　四. 同位語從句 同位語從句說明其前面的名詞的具體內(nèi)容。同位語從句通常由that引導(dǎo)，可用于同位語從句的名詞有advice、demand、doubt、fact、hope、idea、information、message、news、order、problem、promise、question、request、suggestion、truth、wish、word等。例如： The news that we won the game is exciting.　我們贏得這場比賽的消息令人激動。 針對性練習(xí)： 1. __________ Barbara Jones offers to her fans is honesty and happiness. A. Which B. What C. That D. Whom 2. I am afraid he’s more of a talker than a doer, which is ______ he never finishes anything. A. that B. when C. where D. why 3 . We’ve offered her the job, but I don’t know______ she’ll accept it. A. where B. what C. whether D. which 4. The villagers have already known ______ we’ll do is to rebuild the bridge. A. this B. that C. what D. which 5. It was never clear _______ the man hadn’t reported the accident sooner. A. that B. how C. when D. why 6 .Our teachers always tell us to believe in ________ we do and who we are if we want to succeed. A. why B. how C. what D. which 7. I’d like to start my own business–that’s ____ I’d do if I had the money. A. why B. when C. which D. what 8 . It is still under discussion __________the old bus station should be replaced with a modern hotel or not. A. whether B. when C. which D. where 9 Before a problem can be solved, it must be obvious ____the problem itself is. A. what B. that C. which D. why 10________ one of you breaks the window will have to pay for it. A. Whoever B. Whatever C. Whichever D. Wherever 11. Its good to know ________ the dogs will be well cared for while were away. A. what B. whose C. which D. that 12 ________ you said at the meeting describes a bright future for the pany. A. When B. How C. What D. That 13 ________ I want to tell you is the deep love and respect I have for my parents. A. That B. Which C．Whether D．What 名詞性從句（二） 教學(xué)重難點：名詞性從句的重難點 溫馨提示： A: whether與if 均為"是否"的意思。 但在下列情況下，whether 不能被if 取代： 1. whether引導(dǎo)主語從句并在句首 2. 引導(dǎo)表語從句 3. whether從句作介詞賓語　4. 從句后有"or not" 5 后接動詞不定式時 Whether he will e is not clear. B: 大部分連接詞引導(dǎo)的主語從句都可以置于句末，用 it充當(dāng)形式主語。 It is not important who will go.　 用whether/if 填空 __________he will e or not is not yet known. The question is _________ it is worth doing It depends on__________ the manager will agree to the plan or not. I wonder __________you can do me a favour. The problem ____________it is right or wrong has not yet been discussed. B what與that的區(qū)別 1）在名詞性從句中what可以作主語、賓語或表語，這時what具有兩個含義： a．保留疑問，即“什么”的意義； b．相當(dāng)于all／everything，常譯成“……的（東西／事）”。如： Can you tell me what your name is？你能告訴我你叫什么名字嗎？ What she wants to know is which dress she should buy．她想知道的是她應(yīng)買哪件衣服。 2）在名詞性從句中that只起連接作用，它在從句中不作任何句子成分，也無任何意義。如：That the earth turns around the sun is known to all． The trouble is that he has never done the work before． 3）在名詞性從句的引導(dǎo)詞中只有 that，而且是只有在引導(dǎo)賓語從句時才可以省略。如： 練習(xí) 1.—What did your parents think about your decision? —They always let me do I think I should. A. when B. that C. how D. what 2．Engines are to machines hearts are to animals. A. as B. that C. what D. which 3. With his work pleted, the businessman stepped back to his seat, feeling pleased he was a man of action. A. which B. that C. what D. whether 4．— It’s thirty years since we last met. —But I still remember the story, believe it or not, we got lost on a rainy night. A. which B. that C. what D. when C: wh-疑問詞與“疑問詞＋ever”的區(qū)別 what等連接代詞或副詞常只保留本身疑問的含義；而whatever等連接代詞或副詞則主要用以加強(qiáng)語氣。如： Who can work out this problem is not known．誰能解出這道題，目前還不清楚。 Whoever can work out this problem will be praised．任何一個能解出這道題的人都會受到表揚(yáng)。 專項考點練習(xí) 1. ___ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.　　 A. There B. This C. That D. It 2．A puter can only do ____ you have instructed it to do．　　 A．how B．a(chǎn)fter C．what D．when 3. He asked ____ for a violin．　　 A. did I pay how much B. I paid how much C. how much did I pay D. how much I paid 4. What the doctors really doubt is ____ my mother will recover from the serious disease soon． A. when B. how C. whether D. why 5．It is generally considered unwise to give a child _____he or she wants.　　 A. however B. whatever C. whichever D. whenever 6. ______leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.　　 A. Anyone B. The person C. Whoever D. Who 7. Sarah hopes to bee a friend of ______shares her interests.　　 A. anyone B. whomever C. whoever D. no matter who 8.—I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week. —Is that ______ you had a few days off ? A. why B. what C. when D. where 9. I still remember ______ this used to be a quiet village. A. when B. how C. where D. what 10．I read about it in some book or other，does it matter ____ it was？ A．where B．what C．how D．which 11 —I think it is going to be a big problem. —Yes, it could be. —I wonder ______ we can do about it. A、if B、how C、what D、that 11. ________that they found an unusual plant in the forest. A. It is said B. They are said C. It said D. It says 12. _____ caused the accident is still a plete mystery. A. What B. That C. How D. Where 13. It worried Mary a lot _____ she would pass the college entrance examination. A. whether B. if C. that D. how 14. Shanghai has taken on a new look. It isn’t like _____ it used to be . A .what B. how C. that D. which 15.. Have you seen Mary lately? My boss wants to know _______. A. how she is getting along B. how is she getting along C. what she is getting along D. what is she getting along 名詞性從句（三） 內(nèi)容： 綜合性練習(xí) 重難點突破： 1 ________struck me most in the movie was the fathers deep love for his son. A．That B．It C．What D．Which 2 From space, the earth looks blue. This is ________ about seventy－one percent of its surface is covered by water. A．why B．how C．because D．whether 3________ makes the book so extraordinary is the creative imagination of the writer. A. That B. What C. Who D. Which 4 Do not let any failures discourage you, for you can never tell ________ close you may be to victory. A. how B. that C. which D. where 5 Every time you eat a sweet, drink green tea.” This is _____ my mother used to tell me. A. what B. how C. that D. whether 6 I think _______ impresses me about his painting is the colours he uses. A. what B. that C. which D. who 7 Grandma pointed to the hospital and said, “That’s ______ I was born.” A. when B. how C. why D. where 8 ________ the delayed flight will take off depends much on the weather. A. Why B. When C. That D. What 9 It is difficult for us to imagine_____ life was like for slaves in the ancient world. A. where B. what C. which D. why 10 Exactly ____ the potato was introduced into Europe is uncertain, but it was probably around 1565. A. whether B. why C. when D. how 11 —What a mess! You are always so lazy! —I’m not to blame, mum. I am ________ you have made me. A. how B. what C. that D. who 12 、As John Lennon once said，life is_____ happens to you while you are busy making other plans. A. which B. that C. what D. where 13 Pick yourself up. Courage is doing youre afraid to do. A. that B. what C. how D. whether 14 The best moment for the football star was _______ he scored the winning goal. A. where B. when C. how D. why 15 “Every time you eat a sweet, drink green tea.” This is _____ my mother used to tell me. A. what B. how C. that D. whether 16 I think _______ impresses me about his painting is the colours he uses. A. what B. that C. which D. who 17 Grandma pointed to the hospital and said, “That’s ______ I was born.” A. when B. how C. why D. where 18 ________ the delayed flight will take off depends much on the weather. A. Why B. When C. That D. What 19 It is difficult for us to imagine_____ life was like for slaves in the ancient world. A. where B. what C. which D. why 20 Exactly ____ the potato was introduced into Europe is uncertain, but it was probably around 1565. A. whether B. why C. when D. how 21 —What a mess! You are always so lazy! —I’m not to blame, mum. I am ________ you have made me. A. how B. what C. that D. who 22 As John Lennon once said，life is_____ happens to you while you are busy making other plans. A. which B. that C. what D. where 23 Pick yourself up. Courage is doing youre afraid to do. A. that B. what C. how D. whether 24 The best moment for the football star was _______ he scored the winning goal. A. where B. when C. how D. why 狀語從句 1. In the global economy, a new drug for cancer, ________ it is discovered, will create many economic possibilities around the world. A．whatever B．whoever C．wherever D．whichever 2. She says that shell have to close the shop ________ business improves. A. if B. unless C. after D. when 3. One can always manage to do more things，no matter ________ full ones schedule is in life. A．how B．what C．when D．where 4. Mark needs to learn Chinese ________his pany is opening a branch in Beijing. A. unless B. until C．a(chǎn)lthough D. since 5 ________ I have to give a speech, I get extremely nervous before I start. A. Whatever B. Whenever C. Whoever D. However 6. I have heard a lot of good things about you ________ I came back from abroad. A．since B．until C．before D．when 7________ small, the pany has about 1，000 buyers in over 30 countries. A. As B. If C．Although D．Once 8. “You cant judge a book by its cover，” ________． A. as the saying goes old B. goes as the old saying C. as the old saying goes D. goes as old the saying 9. Its much easier to make friends ________ you have similar interests. A．unless B．when C．even though D．so that 10. I took my driving license with me on holiday, ________ I wanted to hire a car. A. in case B. even if C. ever since D. if only 11. You must learn to consult your feelings and your reason ________ you reach any decision. A. although B. before C. because D. unless 12. I had hardly got to the office ___ my wife phone me to go back home at once. A. when B. than C. until D. after 13. When for his views about his teaching job, Philip said he found it very interesting and rewarding. A. asking B. asked C. having asked D. to be asked 14. —Coach, can I continue with the training? —Sorry, you can’t ________you haven’t recovered from the knee injury. A. until B. before C. as D. unless 15. I dont believe weve met before, I must say you do look familiar. A. therefore B. although C. since D. unless 16.—Look at those clouds! —Don’t worry. ______ it rains, we’ll still have a great time. A. Even if B. As though C. In case D. If only 17 . Don’t handle the vase as if it ____ made of steel. A. is B. were C. has been D. had been 18.. It is hard for Greek government to get over the present difficulties ______ it gets more financial support from the European Union. A. if B. unless C. because D. since 19. Hot ___ the night air was, we slept deeply because we were so tired after the long journey. A. although B. as C. while D. however 20.. All the photographs in this book, _______ stated otherwise, date from the 1950s. A. unless B. until C. once D. if 21. He smiled politely ____ Mary apologized for her drunken friends. A. as B. if C. unless D. though 22. A number of high buildings have arisen ____ there was nothing a year ago but ruins. A. when B. where C. before D. until 23 _______ I always felt I would pass the exam, I never thought I would get an A. A. While B. Once C. If D. Until 24 . ______ hard you try, it is difficult to lose weight without cutting down the amount you eat. A. However B. Whatever C. Whichever D. Whenever 25. Everything was placed exactly _____ he wanted it for the graduation ceremony. A. while B. when C. where D. though 26. You can borrow my car ____ you promise not to drive too fast. A. unless B. if C. in case D. as long as 27 Leave your key with your neighbor ____ you lock yourself out one day. A. as long as B. even though C. in case D. as if 28 . If you happen to get lost in the wild, you’d better stay ______ you are and wait for help. A. why B. where C. who D. what 29 One’s life has value _____ one brings value to the life of others. A. so that B. no matter how C. as long as D. except that