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2019-2020年高考英語專題復習 閱讀練習一 推理判斷 細節(jié)理解 主旨大意 猜測詞義 要求 2-3 1-2 0-1 0-1 實際安排 1 2 1 話題 學生的樂趣 體裁 夾敘夾議 難度 ★★★☆☆ 新度 ★★★★★ 關鍵詞 pleasure 詞數(shù) 303 建議時間 5分鐘 正確率 ____/4 More than four-in-10 teachers said children failed to read for pleasure at the age of 11, a study showed. The study – by the publisher Pearson – found that many schools fear children have short attention spans and prefer to spend time online rather than read a novel. Teachers also said that books were not seen as “cool” by pupils and raised fears that parents are failing to do enough to promote a love of reading in the home. Frank Cottrell Boyce, the author, said: “Its worrying to think that so many young children are not being inspired to pick up a good book and get lost in a story.” According to UNESCO, the biggest single indicator of whether a child is going to thrive at school and in work is whether or not they read for pleasure. The poll questioned around 400 secondary school English teachers. Two-thirds of those questioned said that reading was not seen as "cool" by pupils, according to the study. Three-quarters said that childrens attention spans were shorter than ever before, while 94 per cent claimed that pupils preferred to be using the internet rather than reading. The poll showed that teachers believe parents are not doing enough to help, with 97 per cent claiming mothers and fathers should be encouraging their child to read more. The findings also show that teachers believe that recent book and film series such as Twilight and The Hunger Games can fuel pupils interest in reading. Some 83 per cent of teachers said that boys were likely to be engaged by fantasy novels, while 65 per cent said the same for girls. Some 93 per cent of teachers said that boys were likely to find horror books enjoyable. The poll was missioned to mark the launch of a new set of classroom reading books. 1. What does the passage mainly tell us? A. Many children spend much time online at home. B. Many children fail to read books for pleasure now. C. Many schools fear children have short attention in class. D. Many parents force their children to read novels at home. 2. Both teachers and Frank Cottrell Boyce think that, _________. A. not all pupils regard books as their favorite B. young children have no interest in a story C. parents should encourage their children to read books D. parents only pay attention to children’s marks very much 3. What can help pupils be more interested in reading according to teachers? A. novels B. stories C. the internet D. recent books and film series 4. Boys and girls have a mon interest in ________. A. fantasy novels B. horror books C. film series D. online games 【篇章導讀】 一項新的研究表明：由于受互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的影響和在家里沒有讀書的機會，越來越多的孩子在小學畢業(yè)時就對讀書失去了興趣。因此如何新激發(fā)孩子讀書的興趣成了家長和教師思索的問題。 【答案解析】 1. B 主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段第一句，可知40%以上的教師發(fā)現(xiàn)11歲的孩子對讀書失去了興趣，孩子們寧可上網(wǎng)也不愿意讀一本小說，故B項。 2. C 推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段和第四段第一句，可知教師和弗蘭克?科特雷爾?博伊斯認為大多數(shù)家長在幫助孩子提高讀書興趣方面沒有盡到責任，因此建議家長盡力幫助孩子提高讀書興趣，故選C項。 3. D 細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段第二句，可知教師相信最近的新書和電影系列片可以提高學生讀書的興趣，故選D項。 4. A 細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段第一句，可知83%的教師認為男孩子比較喜歡幻想小說，63%的教師認為女孩也是如此，故選A項。 【生詞注釋】 span n. 跨度, UNESCO abbr. 聯(lián)合國教科文組織, indicator n. 標志, poll n. 民意測驗, missioned adj. 受委任的 【難句解讀】 According to UNESCO, the biggest single indicator of whether a child is going to thrive at school and in work is whether or not they read for pleasure. 聯(lián)合國教科文組織指出, 一個孩子在學校和工作中茁壯成長的最大的單一指標是他們是否為了快樂而讀書。這句話是有whether引導的名詞性從句。 B 推理判斷 細節(jié)理解 主旨大意 猜測詞義 要求 2-3 1-2 0-1 0-1 實際安排 1 2 1 話題 家庭生活 體裁 記敘文 難度 ★★★☆☆ 新度 ★★★★☆ 關鍵詞 photograph 詞數(shù) 329 建議時間 6分鐘 正確率 ____/5 This must have been taken around 1959 and shows my two sisters and me in our parents bed having an early morning tea. This was a ritual that lasted until we became too big to fit fortably. My dad used to be the first up, followed by mum. Im assuming that, to give them a chance to wash and dress in peace, the habit of giving us a cup of tea in bed developed over time. Im the oldest and sitting in the centre, my middle sister, 13 months younger, is on my right and my “baby” sister, four years younger, on my left. This picture probably takes one of the few times we werent arguing – as children we seemed to constantly disagree. The mug Im drinking out of was my pride and joy – having been born in January 1953 Id been given one, whereas my later born sisters hadnt. I still have it to this day. Im amazed at how well I can recall the details taken in this photograph. The radio stayed with the family for many years. The wallpaper behind the bed was very dark with the wild flowers on it. There is an ashtray on the shelf at the back, which wasn’t in a bedroom today. The cat was one of our first family pets and was named Patchy. The bedside tables also continued to give good service – the one on my fathers side is filled with books, papers and magazines. He liked science fiction very much. Mums bedside table has no books or magazines on it. Her days were spent looking after us and the house; evenings were spent knitting. She made almost everything we wore, from school uniforms to party dresses. For me, this photograph sums up my childhood – warm, loving and fun. We werent over-indulged, but we never went without either. At the centre of our world were Mum and Dad – always there, always fair, always ready with a hug or kiss. 1. Who would get up earlier in my family? A. My father B. My mother C. My middle sister D. My “baby” sister 2. The underlined word “mug” (Para.2) can be replaced by________. A. tea B. milk C. cup D. bottle 3. The author can remember the details taken in this photograph EXCEPT_______. A. an ashtray B. a dog C. the wallpaper D. the radio 4. What did the author’s mother do all the days? A. Washing and dressing in peace. B. Clearing up her bedside tables. C. Reading science fictions by herself. D. Looking after my family and doing housework. 5. The passage mainly describes________. A. a cup of tea B. a lovely sister C. a warm family D. a happy childhood 【篇章導讀】 拍攝于1959年的一張老照片記錄了“我們姊妹”三個童年時期在父母床上喝早茶的情景。雖然事過境遷，但是照片上的人與物卻讓“我”把記憶的碎片連在一起，將幸福歡樂的童年訴諸于筆端。 【答案解析】 1. A 細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第三句，可知爸爸第一個起床，接著是媽媽，故選A項。 2. C 猜測詞義題。根據(jù)第二段第三句，可知“我”喝早茶用的杯子是“我”的驕傲和歡樂，它是1953年1月我出生時給的，但是我的兩個妹妹沒有，故選C項。 3. B 細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段，可知作者詳細地介紹了照片上的收音機、墻紙、煙灰缸和他們家的第一個寵物貓，但是沒有介紹狗，故選B項。 4. D 細節(jié)判斷題。根據(jù)第四段第四句和第五句，可知媽媽的時間主要用在了照顧我們、編織和為我們做衣服上了，故選D項。 5. D 主旨大意題。根據(jù)第五段第一句，可知這張照片概括了作者溫暖、溫馨和快樂的童年，故選D項。 【生詞注釋】 ritual n. 慣例, assuming adj.傲慢的, ashtray n. 煙灰缸, knitting n. 針織, over-indulged adj. 嬌寵過分的 【難句解讀】 The bedside tables also continued to give good service – the one on my fathers side is filled with books, papers and magazines. 床頭柜也繼續(xù)提供周到的服務，我爸爸旁邊的那一個床頭柜裝滿了書、報紙和雜志。give good service 固定結構“服務周到”。 C 推理判斷 細節(jié)理解 主旨大意 猜測詞義 要求 2-3 1-2 0-1 0-1 實際安排 1 2 1 話題 動物和植物 體裁 說明文 難度 ★★★☆☆ 新度 ★★★★★ 關鍵詞 dolphin 詞數(shù) 324 建議時間 6分鐘 正確率 ____/4 A new study of the dolphin has shown that dolphins share many of the genes that make them brainy with human beings. The finding could be key to understanding why dolphins have such big brains. Dolphins can recognize themselves in mirrors and understand ideas such as ‘zero’ - an ability normally restricted to chimpanzees and humans. Dolphin brains involve pletely different wiring from human beings, which is central to higher functions such as reasoning and conscious thought. Dolphins are so distantly related to humans that its been 95 million years since we had even a remotely mon grandfather. Yet when it es to brain, social behavior and munications, some researchers say dolphins e as close to humans as our ape and monkey cousins. “We decided to look at genes in the dolphin genome to see if there are similarities in the genes that have changed on the dolphin blood and those that have changed on the primate blood,” said researcher Michael McGowen. They found 228 gene sequences in dolphins had changed significantly relative to other mammals such as cows, dogs, horses and humans. About one in 10 of those genes affects the nervous system - and could be key to understanding the creatures mental powers. “It was something we were hoping to find, since studies have shown that they have a large brain and high cognitive ability. They understand concepts like zero, abstract concepts. They do everything that chimpanzees do,” says McGowen. The fact is that they are so different from us and so much like us at the same time. Dolphin brains look nothing like human brains. The more you learn about them, the more you realize that they do have the ability that we think of a person. These mammals recognize themselves in the mirror and have a sense of social identity. They not only know who they are, but they also have a sense of who, where and what their groups are. 1. What does the passage mainly tell us? A. Dolphins’ genes affect their nervous system. B. Dolphins are so different from human beings. C. Dolphins can recognize themselves in the mirror. D. Dolphins’ brains are surprisingly similar to ours. 2. Dolphins and human beings have___________. A. the same brains B. mon grandfather C. the same thought D. mon functions 3. Scientists found that____________. A. dolphins have a small brain B. dolphins’ brains have strange wiring C. many gene sequences in dolphins had changed D. dolphins can recognize and read many numbers 4. Dolphins can do everything that __________. A. chimpanzees do B. monkeys do C. dogs do D. humans do 【篇章導讀】 科學家研究表明：海豚天生聰明，它們和人類分享許多基因，它們的大腦和人類具有驚人的相似之處，它們不僅知道它們是誰，而且知道它們的群體在哪里。 【答案解析】 1. D 主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段第一句，可知海豚和人類分享許多基因，這些基因使它們變得很聰明，故選D項。 2. B 細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第二句，可知海豚和人類有共同的祖先，故選B項。 3. C 細節(jié)判斷題。根據(jù)第三段第二句，可知科學家發(fā)現(xiàn)海豚體內的228個基因序列已經改變的和一些哺乳動物如牛、狗、馬和人類的基因相關，故C項正確。 4. A 細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段第四句，可知海豚能夠做黑猩猩做的一起事情，故選A項。 【生詞注釋】 distantly adv. 遠離地, genome n. 基因組, primate n. 靈長類, mammals n. 哺乳類, cognitive adj. 認知的 【難句解讀】 The more you learn about them, the more you realize that they do have the ability that we think of a person. 你越了解它們，你就越意識到它們確實具有我們考慮一個人的能力。the more…the more 越……越 D 推理判斷 細節(jié)理解 主旨大意 猜測詞義 要求 2-3 1-2 0-1 0-1 實際安排 1 2 1 話題 醫(yī)療 體裁 議論文 難度 ★★★☆☆ 新度 ★★★★★ 關鍵詞 injection 詞數(shù) 327 建議時間 6分鐘 正確率 ____/4 An injection of genes that make antibodies against nicotine could help millions of smokers kick the habit, scientists believe. Just one injection could provide life-long protection against nicotine needs and it could finally be used to vaccinate children to stop them ever smoking. The scientists have tested only on mice so far, but research involving people could begin in as little as two years. The injection contains genes ‘programmed’ to make antibodies that cancel out nicotine before it reaches the brain, where it would normally cause the feelings of smoking. The theory is that if smokers no longer get such satisfaction from cigarettes, they will find it easier to quit. The injection ensured there are always some in the blood to fight nicotine. When vaccinated mice were given nicotine, the antibodies cut the amount that made its way to the brain by 85 per cent, with no effect on their behavior, blood pressure or heart rate. Most smokers who try to quit smoking again within six months, but lead researcher Dr Ronald Crystal said: “This new vaccine may offer a much-needed solution.” The research is still at an early stage and the need for large-scale studies means the injection is at least five years from the market. If it proved to be safe and effective, it could finally be used in school to stop youngsters from ever starting to smoke. Darren Griffin said the study was important, but warned that what worked in mice did not always work in man. Prof Anthony Dayan said: “Nicotine addiction by way of smoking is harmful, but is it important to produce a major and lasting change in someone’s body to prevent it when other, less major, types of treatment are possible.” Around a fifth of Britons’ smokers are starting while still in their teens. Previous studies have shown that existing treatments, from advising to pills, are of little benefit, with up to 80 per cent smoking again within six months. 1. What’s the main idea of the passage? A. An injection can help smokers quit smoking. B. Many children begin to learn to smoke at school. C. The scientists will have a test on people in two years. D. Scientists find it easier to fight the feelings of smoking. 2. A smoker may have an injection ___________. A. in xx B. in xx C. in xx D. in xx 3. Darren Griffin means ______________. A. the study is important but harmful. B. the study may not suitable for human beings C. it’s hard to prove the injection safe and effective D. it’s important to produce a major type of treatment 4. What’s the shorting of existing smoking treatments? A. They are of no benefit. B. They can’t last too long. C. They need to be advertised. D. They only ask smokers to take pills. 【篇章導讀】 科學家通過在老鼠身上試驗證明：注射DNA疫苗可以阻止尼古丁的攝入欲望，從而幫助煙民戒煙。五年后，這項研究成果將可能用來阻止孩子染上吸煙的習慣。 【答案解析】 1. A 主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段第一句，可知科學家相信注射一支對尼古丁產生抗體的基因疫苗能夠幫助成千上萬的煙民戒煙，故選A項。 2. D 細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段第二句，可知注射疫苗的研究還處在初級階段，疫苗上市至少還需要五年的時間，故選D項。 3. B 細節(jié)判斷題。根據(jù)第五段第一句，可知Darren Griffin 認為這項研究很重要，同時也警告說適用于老鼠的試驗未必適用于人類，故選B項。 4. B 細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第六段第二句，可知研究表明目前的戒煙方法的治療效果不明顯，80%的煙民會在六個月內重新吸煙，故選B項。 【生詞注釋】 nicotine n. 尼古丁,vaccinate vt. 給…注射疫苗, large-scale adj.大規(guī)模的, addiction n. 上癮 【難句解讀】 The injection contains genes ‘programmed’ to make antibodies that cancel out nicotine before it reaches the brain, where it would normally cause the feelings of smoking. 注射疫苗含有制造抗體的程序化的基因，這些基因可以在尼古丁到達大腦之前將尼古丁取消，在哪里它可以引起吸煙的感覺。這句話含有一個that引導的賓語從句和一個where引導的非限制性定語從句。 E 推理判斷 細節(jié)理解 主旨大意 猜測詞義 要求 2-3 1-2 0-1 0-1 實際安排 1 2 1 話題 學校生活 體裁 夾敘夾議 難度 ★★★☆☆ 新度 ★★★★★ 關鍵詞 schooldays 詞數(shù) 302 建議時間 5分鐘 正確率 ____/4 Being unpopular with your classmates may not only make your schooldays painful, it could also make you ill decades later. Research has shown those who are socially alone in their teens are more likely to suffer health problems from obesity to high blood pressure when they hit their 40s. Importantly, the health effects weren’t limited to those who were threatened at school, suggesting that even being slightly socially alone can be harmful to health. Swedish researchers analyzed data from a study that tracked the health and habits of around 900 16-year-olds for 27 years. At the start, their teachers were asked to rate how extroverted or introverted they were and their popularity. At around the age of 43, they underwent a battery of medical tests. The results linked unpopularity and social loneliness to obesity, high blood pressure, diabetes and bad blood fats. The study also showed that the more unpopular someone was in their teens, the more likely they were to suffer from changed syndrome in middle-age. The effect was particularly noticeable among the girls, with the most unpopular and introverted at 16 more than three times as likely to be in bad shape at 43. The researchers, from Umea University, said the results can’t simply explain away by those who are in bad health in middle-age being sickly since their teens. They added that their study is the first to show that unhappy schooldays can have such long-lasting consequences. Various factors could lie behind the effect. For instance, loneliness can push blood pressure up into the danger zone for heart attacks. High levels of cortisol can also control the immune system, raising a person’s weakness to disease. The lonely also sleep more fitfully and they may also turn to fort eating and be less likely to look after themselves in general. 1. The passage mainly talks about __________. A. many students are threatened at school B. sad schooldays make students feel lonely C. sad schooldays link to illness in middle age D. fat students are easy to have high blood pressure 2. The unpopularity and loneliness can make students suffer from illness EXCEPT _________. A. stomachache B. obesity C. diabetes D. high blood pressure 3. The researchers in Umea University find that___________. A. social loneliness can be harmful to health B. unhappy schooldays can cause long-lasting consequences C. unpopular students will be sick at around the age of 43 D. girls are more likely to suffer from illness in middle-age 4. What does lead to the lonely gain weight? A. bad habits B. medical tests C. sleeping tablets D. fort eating 【篇章導讀】 研究表明：不愉快的學生時代與中年時期的疾病有著必然的聯(lián)系，不愉快的學生容易患肥胖等一些疾病，這種影響對女學生的影響尤其明顯。 【答案解析】 1. C 主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段第一句，可知和同學相處的不好不僅使你的學生時代很痛苦，而且會使你在幾十年后患上疾病，故選C項。 2. A 細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第一句，可知不受歡迎和社交孤獨可以導致肥胖、高血壓、糖尿病和壞血脂，故選A項。 3. B 細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段第二句，可知他們第一個研究表明：不快樂的學生時代可以導致長期的后果，故選B項。 4. D 細節(jié)判斷題。根據(jù)第五段最后一句，可知孤獨者也斷斷續(xù)續(xù)地睡眠，他們一般求助于安慰性飲食而很少照顧自己，故選D項。 【生詞注釋】 track v. 跟蹤, extroverted adj. 性格外向的, introverted adj. 性格內向的, syndrome n綜合征, cortisol n. 皮質醇 【難句解讀】 The effect was particularly noticeable among the girls, with the most unpopular and introverted at 16 more than three times as likely to be in bad shape at 43. 這種影響在女孩中間尤其明顯，最不受歡迎和性格最內向的16歲女孩的身體欠佳的狀況是43歲女人的三倍多。 這句話含有一個with復合結構和一個表示倍數(shù)的結構more than three times as…as。