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Unit6Tonepuesnada.Hailnothingfullofnothing,nothingiswiththee.我們的虛無縹緲就在虛無縹緲中，虛無縹緲是你的名字，你的王國也叫虛無縹緲，你將是虛無縹緲中的虛無縹緲，因?yàn)樵瓉砭褪翘摕o縹緲。給我們這個虛無縹緲吧，我們?nèi)粘５奶摕o縹緲，虛無縹緲是我們的，我們的虛無縹緲，因?yàn)槲覀兪翘摕o縹緲的，我們的虛無縹緲，我們無不在虛無縹緲中，可是，把我們打虛無縹緲中拯救出來吧；為了虛無縹緲。歡呼全是虛無縹緲的虛無縹緲，虛無縹緲與汝同在。,,18,(parody)的手法，戲仿就是二次創(chuàng)作，有可能達(dá)到反諷的效果，比如《大話西游》對西游記就是戲仿。首先戲仿的是主禱文，沒錯，就是今天美國賓館依然常見的主禱文。OurFather,whoartinheaven,hallowedbythyname.Thykingdomcome,thywillbedoneonearthasitisinheaven.Giveusthisdayourdailybreadandforgiveusourdebtsasweforgiveourdebtors.Andleadusnotintotemptation,butdeliverusfromevil;amen.圣母瑪利亞的禱文。HailMary,fullofgrace,theLordiswiththee.,19,Nihilism虛無主義,FriedrichNietzsche[?ni:t??](尼采)Nihilismisthebeliefthatallvaluesarebaselessandthatnothingcanbeknownorcommunicated.Itisoftenassociatedwithextremepessimismandaradicalskepticism(極端懷疑論)thatcondemnsexistence.Atruenihilistwouldbelieveinnothing,havenoloyalties,andnopurposeotherthan,perhaps,animpulsetodestroy.,20,DIY,WhyisNadaor“Nothing”repeatedinthestory?Whatarethesymbolicmeaningsofthe“l(fā)ight”,“night”,or“shadows”inthestory?,21,HowtoReadFiction?,1Lookattheplot2Analyzethecharacters3Identifythesetting4Examinethenarrativepointofview5Analyzethestyle,tone,andlanguage6Focusonsymbolismandallegory7Identifythethemes,22,,1.Whatconflictsoccurinthestory?2.Howaretheseconflictsdevelopedorresolved?3.Whoaretheprotagonistorantagonist?4.Whatarethecharacters’moststrikingtraits?5.Atwhattimeperiodandinwhatgeographiclocationdoestheactionofthestoryoccur?6.Howdoesthesettingaffectthecharactersofthestory?,23,,7.Howdoesitdeterminetherelationshipamongthecharacters?8.Howdoesthesettingaffecttheplot?9.Doesthesettingcreateamoodoratmosphereforthestory?10.Inwhatwaydoesthesettingreinforcethecentralideasthatthestoryexamines?11.Whatperson(s)is/aretellingthestory?,24,,12.Isthestorytoldinthefirstpersonorinthethirdperson?13.Doesthewritermakeanyunusualuseofdictionorsyntax?14.Doesthewriteruseimaginativefiguresofspeech?Patternofimagery?15.Whatstylesorlevelsofspeechareassociatedwithparticularcharacters?,25,,16.Doesthenarrator’stonerevealhisorherattitudetowardcharactersorevents?17.Isthetoneofthestoryplayful,humorous,ironic,satirical,serious,solemn,bitter,formal,orinformal?18.Doestheauthoruseanyobjectsorideassymbolically?19.Doesthesameobjecthavedifferentmeaningsatdifferentplacesinthestory?,26,,20.Whatisthecentraltheme?Andwhatotherthemesareexplored?21.Whatelementsofthestorydevelopthecentraltheme?22.Howdoesthetitleofthestorycontributetoreaders’understandingofthecentraltheme?,27,HowtoReadFiction?,1Lookattheplot2Analyzethecharacters3Identifythesetting4Examinethenarrativepointofview5Analyzethestyle,tone,andlanguage6Focusonsymbolismandallegory7Identifythethemes,28,,1.Whatconflictsoccurinthestory?2.Howaretheseconflictsdevelopedorresolved?3.Whoaretheprotagonistorantagonist?4.Whatarethecharacters’moststrikingtraits?5.Atwhattimeperiodandinwhatgeographiclocationdoestheactionofthestoryoccur?6.Howdoesthesettingaffectthecharactersofthestory?,29,,7.Howdoesitdeterminetherelationshipamongthecharacters?8.Howdoesthesettingaffecttheplot?9.Doesthesettingcreateamoodoratmosphereforthestory?10.Inwhatwaydoesthesettingreinforcethecentralideasthatthestoryexamines?11.Whatperson(s)is/aretellingthestory?,30,,12.Isthestorytoldinthefirstpersonorinthethirdperson?13.Doesthewritermakeanyunusualuseofdictionorsyntax?14.Doesthewriteruseimaginativefiguresofspeech?Patternofimagery?15.Whatstylesorlevelsofspeechareassociatedwithparticularcharacters?,31,,16.Doesthenarrator’stonerevealhisorherattitudetowardcharactersorevents?17.Isthetoneofthestoryplayful,humorous,ironic,satirical,serious,solemn,bitter,formal,orinformal?18.Doestheauthoruseanyobjectsorideassymbolically?19.Doesthesameobjecthavedifferentmeaningsatdifferentplacesinthestory?,32,,20.Whatisthecentraltheme?Andwhatotherthemesareexplored?21.Whatelementsofthestorydevelopthecentraltheme?22.Howdoesthetitleofthestorycontributetoreaders’understandingofthecentraltheme?,33,