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2019年高考英語二輪復習 1-2 冠詞提能專訓 Ⅰ.單句語法填空(冠詞) 1．In the ricegrowing world, ________ Chinese scientist, Yuan Longping, is ________ leading figure. 答案：the; a　解析：考查冠詞。句意：在水稻種植領域，中國科學家袁隆平是一位領軍人物。單數(shù)名詞scientist后面有特定人名作同位語，因此表示特指，第一空應用定冠詞the；單數(shù)名詞figure前加不定冠詞，表示泛指，第二空應填不定冠詞。 2．All of life is ________ act of letting go, but what hurts the most is not taking ________ moment to say goodbye. 答案：an; a　解析：考查冠詞。句意：人生就是要放手，然而最令人痛心的是，我們來不及說一聲再見。第一空，act后有定語修飾，表示“放手的行為”，此時act為可數(shù)名詞且發(fā)音以元音音素開頭，其前應加不定冠詞an；第二空，take a moment to do sth.表示“花點時間做某事”。 3．The result was out of his expectation. Harry looked at the medal in ________surprise without saying________ word. 答案：/; a　解析：考查冠詞。句意：這個結果出乎哈里的意料。他驚訝地看著獎牌，什么話也沒說。第一空，固定短語in surprise表示“驚訝地”；第二空，單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞word前加a表示“一句話”。 4．We would often go for ________ drive with some friends at that time，purely for ________ fun. 答案：a; /　解析：考查冠詞。笫一空，go for a drive表示“開車去兜風”，為固定搭配；第二空，for fun“為了好玩”，為固定搭配。 5．—Have you heard that Li Yapeng and Faye Wong divorced? —Yes, ________ news came as ________ shock to me. 答案：the; a　解析：考查冠詞。第一空，特指上面提到的王菲和李亞鵬離婚的這件事，故用定冠詞the；第二空，此處是抽象名詞具體化，表示“一件令人震驚的事情”，用不定冠詞a。 6．Jack thought that he had ________ gift for telling directions, so he didnt take ________ pass with him on his weekend hike. 答案：a; a　解析：考查冠詞。句意：杰克認為他有辨別方向的天賦，所以在周末的徒步旅行中，他沒有帶指南針。have a gift for意為“對……有天賦”；pass是可數(shù)名詞，所以前面需加不定冠詞a。 7．—How do you find the guy who took ________ office last week? —Hes always finding ________fault with others. 答案：/; /　解析：考查冠詞。句意：——你覺得上周就職的那個人怎么樣？——他總是找別人的茬。take office“就職”，find fault with sb.“找某人的茬”，兩者均為固定短語，故兩個空均不填冠詞。 8．—What do you think we should do when ________ earthquake happens? —In my opinion, go to ________ open space away from buildings or trees. 答案：an; an　解析：考查冠詞?！癬_______ earthquake表示“一場地震”，因此第一空用不定冠詞an；space在此處表示“空地”，其前有形容詞修飾，且表示泛指意義，所以第二空也用不定冠詞an。 9．What I need is ________ book that contains ________ ABC of oil painting. 答案：a; the　解析：句意：我所需要的是一本含有油畫基礎知識的書。第一個空表泛指，應用不定冠詞；第二個空后有of oil painting修飾，表特指，應用定冠詞。 10．Being able to afford ________ drink would be ________ fort in those tough times. 答案：a; a　解析：考查冠詞。句意：在那些艱難的時期，能夠買得起一杯酒會是一件欣慰的事。drink此處是可數(shù)名詞，意為“(飲料，尤指酒的)一杯，一口”，a drink表示泛指，而不是特指，不能用the；a fort此處是抽象名詞具體化的用法，指具體的一件令人欣慰的事情。 11．We are said to be living in ________ Information Age, ________ time of new discoveries and great changes. 答案：the; a　解析：考查冠詞。句意：據(jù)說我們生活在信息時代，一個新發(fā)現(xiàn)和偉大的改變發(fā)生的時代。第一個空是普通名詞構成的專有名詞，前面要加定冠詞the；第二個空為抽象名詞具體化，表示“一個……的時代”，應填不定冠詞a。 12．In ________ most countries, a university degree can give you ________ flying start in life. 答案：/; a　解析：句意：在大多數(shù)國家中，大學學位能給你一個人生快速發(fā)展的美好開始。第一個空，泛指大多數(shù)國家。故不填冠詞；第二個空后的start在此處為可數(shù)名詞，應用a修飾。 13．Four and ________ half hours of discussion took us up to midnight, and ________ break for cheese, chocolate and tea with sugar. 答案：a; a　解析：four and a half hours四個半小時，固定搭配；第二個空a break表示休息一次。 14．He missed ________ gold in the high jump, but will get ________ second chance in the long jump. 答案：the; a　解析：考查冠詞。句意：他在跳高比賽中沒有贏得金牌，但是，在跳遠比賽中他還有(獲得金牌的)機會。gold在表示“金子、黃金”時，是物質名詞，不可數(shù)，但是表示“金牌”時，為可數(shù)名詞。第一個空表示的是大家都知道的跳高比賽中的那塊金牌，所以用the；第二個空用a second表示“又一，再一”。 15．India attained ________independence in 1947, after________long struggle. 答案：/; a　解析：句意：印度經過長期斗爭后，在1947年獲得了獨立。因為independence是抽象名詞，在本句表泛指，故前面用零冠詞；struggle為可數(shù)名詞，在本句中表示泛指，故第二個空格 Ⅱ.閱讀理解(科普研究類＋人物故事類) A (xx東北三校高三聯(lián)考) Some colors people see late at night could cause signs of clinical depression. That was the finding of a study that builds on earlier study findings. They show that individuals who live or work in low levels of light overnight can develop clinical depression. Doctors use the word “clinical depression” to describe severe form of depression. Signs may include loss of interest or pleasure in most activities, low energy levels and thoughts of death or suicide. In the new study, American investigators designed an experiment that exposed hamsters(倉鼠) to different colors. The researchers chose hamsters because they are nocturnal, which means they sleep during the day and are active at night. The animals were separated into four groups. One group of hamsters was kept in the dark during their nighttime period. Another group was placed in front of a blue light, a third group slept in front of a white light, while a fourth was put in front of a red light. After four weeks, the researchers noted how much sugary water the hamsters drank. They found that the most depressed animals drank the least amount of water. Randy Nelson heads the Department of Neuroscience at Ohio State University. He says animals that slept in the blue light and white light appeared to be the most depressed. “What we saw is that these animals didnt show any sleep uneasiness at all but they did mess up biological clock genes and they did show depressive sign, while if they were in the dim red light, they did not. ” Randy Nelson notes that photosensitive (感光的) cells in the eyes have little to do with eyesight. He says these cells send signals to the area of the brain that controls what has been called the natural sleepwake cycle. He says theres a lot of blue in the white light. This explains why the blue light and white light hamsters appear to be more depressed than the hamsters seeing the red light or darkness. 1. Researchers use hamsters in the experiment because ________.　 A. they are similar to humans in dealing with colors B. they are easy to observe and study C. they are sensitive to colors like human beings D. they are active at night and sleep during the day 2. What sign shows that the hamsters are depressed? A. They drink less sugary water. B. They dont sleep well. C. Their eyesight bees worse. D. Their energy level bees low. 3. ________ tends to cause hamsters to be depressed. A. A dim light B. A red light C. A blue light D. Darkness 4. What can help people who work late at night to avoid being depressed? A. Not being exposed to a dim red light when using puters. B. Equipping their puter screen to put it more in a reddish light. C. Living or working in low levels of light overnight. D. Going to see doctors of clinical depression regularly for help. 答案： 【語篇解讀】　這是一篇科普文。美國的研究人員通過動物實驗發(fā)現(xiàn)，通宵在昏暗的光線下生活和工作的人可能會患上重度抑郁癥。 1. D　解析：細節(jié)理解題。第二段說，選擇倉鼠作為實驗對象是因為它們白天睡覺，夜間活動，因此選D。 2. A　解析：細節(jié)理解題。第四段說，研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)喝糖水最少的倉鼠最為抑郁，因此選A。 3. C　解析：細節(jié)理解題。第五段說，在藍色和白色燈光下睡覺的倉鼠表現(xiàn)得最為抑郁，因此選C。 4. B　解析：推理判斷題。最后一段說，生活在藍色和白色燈光下的倉鼠比生活在紅色燈光下或黑暗中的倉鼠更抑郁，因此在紅色光線中工作能防止抑郁，故B項正確。 B John Cruitt, 62, spent decades tracking down his thirdgrade teacher. He wanted to talk with Cecile Doyle about 1958—the year his mother, who was seriously ill, passed away. Her death came just days before Christmas. Cruitt had been expecting to go home from school and decorate the Christmas tree. “When I found out she died, I could certainly relate to that, because when I was 11, my own father died，” Doyle tells Cruitt at StoryCorps in Monroe, N．Y.“And you just dont know how youre going to go on without that person.” When Cruitt returned to school, Doyle waited until all of the other children left the room at the end of the day, and told him that she was there if he needed her. “Then you kissed me on the head，” Cruitt says. “And I felt that things really would be OK.” “Well, Cruitt, Im so glad that I could be there with you for that time，” says Doyle, 82. Decades after his mothers death, Cruitt began to think more and more of Doyle. He finally wrote a letter： Dear Mrs. Doyle， If you are not the Cecile Doyle who taught English at Emerson School in Kearny, N．J., then Im embarrassed, and you can disregard the letter. My name is John Cruitt, and I was in your thirdgrade class during the 1958—1959 school year. Two days before Christmas, my mother passed away, and you told me that you were there if I needed you. I hope life has been as kind to you as you were to me. God bless you. John Cruitt Doyle says his letter, which arrived in February, could not have e at a better time. Her husband, who passed away this August, was struggling with Parkinsons disease. “And I had just e home from the hospital, and I read this beautiful letter, and I just was overwhelmed，” she says. “Well the funny thing is, when I finally wrote to you again after 54 years, I typed the letter—I was afraid my penmanship wasnt going to meet your standards，” Cruitt says as Doyle laughs. “John, what can I say—I m just glad that we made a difference in each others life.” 5. After Cruitts mothers death, ________. A. Cruitt totally relied on his father B. Doyle s words brought him fort C. Cruitt didnt go to school regularly D. Doyle asked his classmates to help him 6. Before Cruitt wrote the letter, he ________. A. knew Doyles husband had passed away B. believed Doyle was leading a happy life C. considered it embarrassing to write to Doyle D. was unsure whether Doyle could receive the letter 7. Doyle believed the letter ________. A. was a belated gift B. came at just the right time C. lifted her confidence greatly D. served as a reminder of her husband 8. Why did Cruitt type the letter? A. Doyle had taught him typing. B. He was better at typing than writing. C. Doyle would be able to read it without difficulty. D. He was afraid Doyle would be dissatisfied with his writing. 答案： 【語篇解讀】　本文是記敘文，文章敘述一位老人尋找三年級時曾給予自己莫大安慰的老師的故事。 5. B　解析：細節(jié)理解題。由文章第五、六段內容可知，Doyle的話給了Cruitt很大安慰。 6. D　解析：細節(jié)理解題。由Cruitt所寫的信的第一段If you are not the Cecile Doyle who taught English at Emerson School in Kearny, N．J., then Im embarrassed, and you can disregard the letter可知，他不確定Cecile Doyle是否能收到這封信。 7. B　解析：細節(jié)理解題。由倒數(shù)第四段中的Doyle says his letter, which arrived in February, could not have e at a better time可知，Doyle認為這封信來得正是時候。 8. D　解析：細節(jié)理解題。由倒數(shù)第二段中的I was afraid my penmanship wasnt going to meet your standards可知，Cruitt擔心自己的書寫會讓Cecile Doyle不滿意。 Ⅲ.七選五 (xx－xx普通高中高三教學質量監(jiān)測) Have you fallen into a pattern of sleeping poorly? __1__ Getting a good night sleep is very important to your physical and emotional health. Here are some simple actions and choices you can make right now to help you sleep better at night. 1．Avoid coffee, smoke, and alcohol. If you want coffee in the afternoon or evening, drink less. An alcoholic drink, especially more than one, will not help you sleep better. A drink may, or may not, help you fall asleep, but alcohol causes you to sleep poorly and be unable to sleep all night. __2__ 2．Dont overeat, but dont go to bed hungry. If you arent tired of milk, try a small glass of warm milk or a piece of mild cheese in the evening. A small piece of chicken or other protein(蛋白質) may also work well before bed. __3__ 3．__4__ It can help you avoid lacking water and is generally good for your health. However, avoid water and other fluids for the last two hours before bedtime to reduce your need to go to the bathroom during the night. 4．Make your bedroom as quiet as you can. __5__ Consider using earplugs(耳塞) if your bedroom is noisy. Some people find that the white noise from a fan, as well as the air flow, helps them sleep better. Others find soft music or natural sounds like waves or bird songs to be relaxing and induce(導致) sleep. If you use music to help you fall asleep, you may find that you get better rest later in the night if you set the music to turn off after an hour. A．Drink enough water early in the day. B．If you have a clock that ticks loudly, replace it. C．If you drink too much water, you will feel bad. D．Dont have your stomach empty before going to bed. E．Are you concerned that you may not sleep well tonight? F．Are you always worried about what you eat in the evening? G．Cigarettes are always an unhealthy habit, especially in the evening. 1．______　2.______　3.______　4.______　5.______ 答案：1.E　2.G　3.D　4.A　5.B Ⅳ.短文改錯 I was a newly qualified foothealth practitioner. One day I was in the phone to a female patient recently, go over the details of an appointment. I careful wrote down her address, phone number and the set time in case of I forgot. We were just finished the conversation when she said, “I hope you dont mind, so I have a rather strange question.” “Of course，” I reply. “Go right ahead.”“Well，” said a lady nervously, “I was wondering if they offered discounts because I only have one leg.” Feeling that the lady extremely serious, I said yes without hesitation. 答案： Ⅴ.書面表達 (xx－xx學年普通高中高三教學質量監(jiān)測) 假定你是李華，即將升入高三學習，某英文報就新高三學習的計劃進行調查，請你結合以下調查問卷，給報社寫封信，談談你的想法(參考圖中提示)： 注意： 1.詞數(shù)100左右(開頭和結尾已經寫好，不計入總詞數(shù))； 2.可以適當添加細節(jié)，以使行文連貫。 Dear editor， I am Li Hua, a Senior Two student._ __________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ Hoping to receive your early reply. Yours， Li Hua 答案： One possible version： Dear_editor， I_am_Li_Hua,_a_Senior_Two_student. Over the past two years, I have studied hard, but I havent learnt English well, especially in reading. Besides, I seldom asked my teacher and classmates questions. The summer holiday is ing. Ive made up my mind to make an improvement. To begin with, I will finish my homework, read a lot of reading materials in English and ask my teachers and classmates questions by emails or QQ. In addition, I will do some volunteer work and help those who are in need of help, learning more social experience. Next term, I will study harder than before. Not only will I learn basic knowledge but also I will improve my reading ability. I am determined to get a high mark in the College Entrance Examination and be admitted to a key university. Hoping_to_receive_your_early_reply. Yours， Li_Hua