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2019-2020年九年級(jí)英語(yǔ)上冊(cè) 定語(yǔ)從句教案 人教新目標(biāo)版 用來(lái)說明主句中某一名詞或代詞（有時(shí)也也可以說明整個(gè)主句或主句中一部分）而起定語(yǔ)作用的句子叫作定語(yǔ)從句。定語(yǔ)從句通常出現(xiàn)在先行詞之后，由關(guān)系詞（關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞）引出。被修飾的名詞，詞組或代詞即先行詞，關(guān)系代詞所代替的先行詞是人或物的名詞或代詞，并在句中充當(dāng)評(píng)語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)等萬(wàn)分。關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作評(píng)語(yǔ)時(shí)，從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的人稱和數(shù)要和先先詞保持一致。關(guān)系代詞有：who, whom, whose, that, which等，關(guān)系副詞有：when , where, why等。 一、關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句 1、關(guān)系代詞用來(lái)指代先行詞是人或物的名詞或代詞 句子成分 用于限制從句或非限制從句 只用于限制性從句 主語(yǔ) who which that 賓語(yǔ) whom which that 定語(yǔ) whose(=of whom) whose(=of which) 例1：This is the professor who came from London. 例2：The book which I am reading is written by Tomas Hardy. 例3：The desk whose leg is broken is very old. 例4：This is the room that Shakespeare was born in. ⑴who, whom, that 這些詞代替的先行詞是人的名詞或代詞，在從句中所起作用如下： Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他就是想見你的人嗎？（who/that在從句中作主語(yǔ)） He is the man whom/that I saw yesterday. （whom/that在從句中作賓語(yǔ)） 他就是我昨天見過的人。 ⑵whose用來(lái)指人或物，（只用作定語(yǔ)）， 例如：They ran over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人車壞了，大家都跑過去幫忙。 Please pass me the book whose cover is green. 請(qǐng)遞給我那本綠皮的書。 ⑶which, that 它們所代替的先行詞是事物的名詞或代詞，在從句中可作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)等， 例如：A chemist’s shop is a shop which/that sells medicine. (which/that在從句中作主語(yǔ)) The package (which/that) you are carrying is about to e unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。(which/that在從句中作賓語(yǔ)) 練習(xí)：劃出關(guān)系詞，并指出它在定語(yǔ)從句中作什么成分。 1. Jim is the boy who lives with his grandparents.. 2. The boy whom you will meet is her brother . 3. The house which I live in is old. 4. I like trees which /that are green. 5. The girl who has long hair is Lily . 6. The boy whose jacket is blue is Feng Lin. 7.I like the magazines whose pictures are colorful . 8. She has a friend whose name is Jane. 9. The book which/that you are reading is written by Bin Xin. 2．關(guān)系代詞的用法 ⑴如果先行詞是all, much, anything, something, nothing, everything, little, none 等不定代詞，關(guān)系代詞一般只用that,不用which.例如： All the people that are present burst into tears. ⑵如果先行詞被形容詞最高級(jí)以及first, last, any ,only, few, much, no, some, very等詞修飾，關(guān)系代詞常用that, 不用which, who, 或whom。例如： She is the only one that was invited. ⑶先行詞有兩個(gè)，一個(gè)指人，一個(gè)指物，關(guān)系代詞應(yīng)該用that。例如： The boy and the dog that are in the picture are very lovely ⑷如果先行詞是anyone，anybody, everyone, everybody, someone, somebody, 關(guān)系代詞應(yīng)該用who或whom，不用which。例如： Is there anyone here who will go with you? 3．“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”是一個(gè)普遍使用的結(jié)構(gòu) ⑴“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”可以引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句，也可以引導(dǎo)非限制性從句?！敖樵~+關(guān)系代詞”結(jié)構(gòu)中的介詞可以是in, on, about, from, for, with, to, at , of, without等，關(guān)系代詞只可用whom（指人）或which（指物），不可以用that。 ⑵from where為“介詞+關(guān)系副詞”結(jié)構(gòu)，但也可以引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句 We stood at the top of the hill, from where we can see the town. ⑶像listen to, look at, depend on., pay attention to, take care of 等固定短語(yǔ)，在定語(yǔ)從句中一般不宜將介詞與動(dòng)詞分開。例如： This is the boy whom she has taken care of. 二、關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句 1.關(guān)系副詞也可以引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句 關(guān)系副詞在從句中分別表示時(shí)間，地點(diǎn)或原因。關(guān)系副詞when在從句中充當(dāng)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，where充當(dāng)?shù)攸c(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，why充當(dāng)原因狀語(yǔ)。 關(guān)系副詞when, where, why的含義相當(dāng)于“介詞+which”結(jié)構(gòu)，因此常常和“介詞+which”結(jié)構(gòu)交替使用，例如： There are occasions when (on which) one must yield. 任何人都有不得不屈服的時(shí)候。 Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born. 北京是我的出生地。 Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer? 這就是他拒絕我們幫助他的理由嗎？ 3.判斷關(guān)系代詞與關(guān)系副詞 方法一： 用關(guān)系代詞，還是關(guān)系副詞完全取決于從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。及物動(dòng)詞后面無(wú)賓語(yǔ)，就必須要求用關(guān)系代詞；而不及物動(dòng)詞則要求用關(guān)系副詞。例如： This is the mountain village where I stayed last year. I’ll never forget the days when I worded together with you. 判斷改錯(cuò) （錯(cuò)）This is the mountain village where I visited last year. （錯(cuò)）I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside. （對(duì)）This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year. （對(duì)）I’ll never forget the days (which ) I spent in the countryside. 習(xí)慣上總把表地點(diǎn)或時(shí)間的名詞與關(guān)系副詞 where, when聯(lián)系在一起。此兩題錯(cuò)在關(guān)系詞的誤用上。 方法二：準(zhǔn)確判斷先行詞在定語(yǔ)從句中的成分（主、謂、賓、定、狀），也能正確選擇出關(guān)系代詞/關(guān)系副詞。 例1.Is this museum you visited a few days ago? A. where B. that C. on which D. the one 例2. Is this the museum the exhibition was held. A .where B. that C. on which D. the one (答案：例1D，例2A) 分析如下： 例1變?yōu)榭隙ň洌篢his museum is you visited a few days ago. 例2變?yōu)榭隙ň洌篢his is the museum the exhibition was held. 在句1中，所缺部分為賓語(yǔ)，而where, that, on which都不能起到賓語(yǔ)的作用，只有the one既做了主句的表語(yǔ)，又可做了從句的賓語(yǔ)，可以省略關(guān)系代詞，所以應(yīng)該選D。而句2中，主、謂、賓俱全，從句部分為句子的狀語(yǔ)表地點(diǎn)，既可用副詞where, 又因in the museum詞組，可用介詞in + which引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。而此題中，介詞on用的不對(duì)，所以選A。 關(guān)系詞的選擇依據(jù)在從句中所做的成分，先行詞在從句中做主、定、賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，選擇關(guān)系代詞（who, whom, that , which, whose ）；先行詞在從句中做狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，應(yīng)選擇關(guān)系副詞（ where地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)， when時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，why原因狀語(yǔ)）。 練習(xí)題:劃出關(guān)系詞，并指出它在定語(yǔ)從句中作什么成分。 1. a. They went to the beach where the car broke down. b. We visited the farm where your father worked . c. I have been to the farm which he lives in. 2. a. It happened on the day when they saw a funny movie. b. It’s the day which is his birthday . 一、單項(xiàng)選擇 1.This is the bag my mother bought yesterday. A. that B. who C. whom D. this 2. The man lives next to us my English teacher. A. whom B. which C. who D. / 3.The girl you saw in the street is Mary. A. that B. whose C. which D.she 4.Is this the factory a lot of students visited yesterday? A. the one B. which C. who D. whom 5. Is this factory a lot of students visited yesterday? A. the one B. that C. which D. / 6.The only language is easy to learn is the mother tongue（母語(yǔ)）. A. which B. that C. / D. it 7. The girl handed everything she had picked up in the street to the police. A. which B. in which C. that D. all 8. cleans the blackboard should be praised. A. That B. Who C. The one who D. The students who 9.Please show me the book you bought yesterday. A. which B. whom C. whose D. this 10. This is the best book I have been looking for all this year. A. who B. whom C. which D./ 11. This is the only article of these that written by him. A. was B. were C. are 12.The man was here just now is a doctor. A. whom B. who C. / D. he 13.The boy has two lovely dogs. A. who live next door B. which lives next door C. whom lives next door D. that lives next door 14.Those make no mistakes in today’s exercises please raise（舉起） your hands. A. which B. whom C. that D. whose 15.Don’t go in, this is the shop we have just been . A./, to B. that , / C. where, to D. which, there 16.This is the school Mr. Smith once taught. A. in that B. when C. where D. there 17.Have you visited the hours the famous scientist was born? A. where B. in that C. that D. which 18. The factory Mr. Li used to work was closed last week. A. when B. where C. that D. which 19.Do you still remember the day we first met? A. that B. when C. what D. on that 20. The time we studied together is not easily forgotten. A. on that B. where C. when D. which 21.October 1,1949 is the day we’ll never forget. A. when B. that C. where D. in which 22.October 1,1949 was the day the People’s Republic of China was founded(成立). A. which B. when C. where D. in which 23. Is this museum they visited last month? A. that B. which C. where D. the one 24. I still remember the sitting-room my mother and I used to sit in the evening. A. what B. which C. that D. where 25. A child parents are dead is called an orphan（孤兒）. A. which B. his C. whose D. with 26. The gentleman you told me yesterday was a thief. A. who B. about whom C. whom D. with whom 27. All is needed is a supply（供應(yīng)） of oil. A. the thing B. that C. what D. which 28. Finally, the thief handed everything he had stolen to the police. A. which B. what C. whatever D. that 29.A chemist’s shop（藥店） is a shop sells medicine. A. who B. which C. where D. in which 30. The students do not study hard will not pass the examination. A./ B. who C. which D. they 31. He told us about the things and persons he met during his staying in England. A. which and who B. which C. who D. that 二、根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)意思，完成下列句子。 1.這是上個(gè)月被偷的那輛小轎車嗎？ Is this the car last month? 2.George是一位熱愛登山的英國(guó)中學(xué)教師。 George was an English school teacher hiking. 3.我喜歡那件有兩個(gè)口袋的運(yùn)動(dòng)衫。 I like that sport sweater two pockets. 4.我永遠(yuǎn)也忘不了我入團(tuán)的那一天。 I’ll never forget the day the league. 5.你十年前住過的樓房已經(jīng)被拆了。 The building ten years ago has been pulled down. 三、用who, whom, which, whose, 或 that填空 1.A clock is a machine tells people the time. 2.A nurse is a person looks after people who are ill. 3.The house he is looking for is very expensive. 4.He is the person I met in the park yesterday. 5.Can you help me find the person saved the girl? 6.She is the engineer work is considered to be the best here. 7.The team won the basketball match is from No.27 Middle School. 8.I have lost the watch my father gave to me two years ago. 9.The person designs（設(shè)計(jì)） were the best was Mr.King.