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Unit 4 Wildlife protection 話題誦讀 日積月累 [導語]　世界自然基金會(WWF)是在全球享有盛譽的、最大的獨立的非政府的環(huán)境保護組織之一，自1961年成立以來，WWF一直致力于環(huán)保事業(yè)，擁有全世界將近520萬的支持者和一個在100多個國家活躍著的網(wǎng)絡。 北部白犀牛　　　　小嘴狐猴 World Wildlife Fund For more than 45 years，World Wildlife Fund (WWF) has been protecting the future of nature.The largest multinational conservation organization in the world，WWF works in more than 100 countries and is supported by 1.2 million members in the United States and close to 5.2 million globally.WWFs unique way of working bines global reach with a foundation in science，involves action at every level，from local to global，and ensures the delivery of innovative (創(chuàng)新的) solutions that meet the needs of both people and nature. WWFs mission is the conservation of nature.Using the best scientific knowledge available and advancing that knowledge，it works to preserve the diversity and abundance (豐富) of life on the earth and the health of ecological systems (生態(tài)系統(tǒng))．WWF safeguards hundreds of species around the world，but it focuses special attention on the flagship species: giant pandas，tigers，polar bears，endangered whales (鯨) and dolphins，rhinos，elephants，marine turtles and great apes (大猩猩)．These species not only need special measures and extra protection in order to survive，they also serve as umbrella species: helping them helps lots of other species that live in the same habitats.In addition to the flagship animals，it works in several areas of species protection all around the world and works for the animals that live within the worlds priority (重點) ecoregions.Its wildlife trade experts at TRAFFIC work to ensure that trade in wildlife products doesnt harm a species，while also fighting against illegal and unsustainable trade.By the year 2020 WWF will conserve (保存) 19 of the worlds most important natural places and significantly change global markets to protect the future of nature. [詞海拾貝] 1．conservation　　　 n．保護 2．global adj.地球的，全球的 3．foundation. n．基金(會)；基礎 4．ensure vt.確保；使……獲得 5．mission n．代表團；使命 [問題思考] 1．What does WWF stand for? _______________________________________________________ 答案：WWF stands for World Wildlife Fund. 2．Whats WWFs task? _______________________________________________________ 答案：WWFs task is the conservation of nature. 3．What should we do as a student? _______________________________________________________ 答案：略 自主預習 步步提高 詞匯識記 Ⅰ.將單詞與其正確釋義配對 1．decrease　　　　　 A．鑒賞；感激；意識到 2．reserve B．安全的；可靠的 3．hunt C．雇傭；利用 4．respond D．減少；變小 5．contain E．包含；容納；容忍 6．a(chǎn)ffect F．保護區(qū) 7．a(chǎn)ppreciate G．成功；接替；繼任 8．succeed H．回答；響應；做出反應 9．secure I．損害；危害 10．ine J．收入 11．employ K．打獵；獵取；搜尋 12．harm L．影響；感動；侵襲 答案：1.D　2.F　3.K　4.H　5.E　6.L　7.A　8.G 9．B　10.J　11.C　12.I Ⅱ.根據(jù)所給漢語提示寫出單詞 1．________n．仁慈，寬??；憐憫 2．________v．咬；叮；刺痛 3．________vt.檢查；視察 4．________n．事件；事變 5．________adj.兇猛的；猛烈的 答案：1.mercy　2.bite　3.inspect　4.incident　5.fierce Ⅲ.根據(jù)語境及漢語意思或首字母提示寫出正確的單詞 1．He asked to be put under police________(保護)． 2．As a child I learned to________(打獵) and fish. 3．Your opinion will not________(影響) my decision. 4．He had hoped to________(成功) as a violinist. 5．Hard work never did anyone any________(傷害)． 6．Yogurt c________much less fat than cream. 7．Russia used to be a very p________country. 8．He turned his a________back to the road again. 9．In time youll a________the beauty of this language. 10．How many people does the pany e________？ 答案：1.protection　2.hunt　3.affect　4.succeed　5.harm 6．contains　7.powerful　8.attention　9.appreciate 10．employ Ⅳ.選用短語的適當形式完成句子 decrease to; in peace; in danger; burst into laughter；pay attention to; do harm to; protect... from; in relief；die out; at the mercy of 1．Reading in bed for a long time will________________your eyes. 2．Every student should________________what your teacher said in class. 3．The two countries have been living together______． 4．No one was injured in the accident; we all smiled_______． 5．Its high time that we should take measures to protect these old traditions before they______________． 6．The poor cat is________________the naughty boy. 7．Hearing the funny story, all of the boys________________． 8．Childrens lives are____________________every time they cross the road. 9．The government is doing the best to ________those rare animals________ being hunted. 10．The number of the rare birds in this area has________about ninety. 答案：1.do harm to　2.pay attention to　3.in peace　4.in relief　5.die out　6.at the mercy of　7.burst into laughter 8．in danger　9.protect　from　10.decreased to 語篇理解 課文表層理解 Ⅰ.根據(jù)課文內(nèi)容判斷正(T)誤(F) 1．The antelope in Tibet bees an endangered species because of its fur being used to make sweaters.(　　) 2．The living conditions of the elephants are worse than they were.(　　) 3．What the government of Zimbabwe did provide us with a good example of how to protect wildlife.(　　) 4．The millipede insect produces a drug naturally which can protect animals from mosquitoes.(　　) 5．Daisy returned home with the monkey and began to make her new drug.(　　) 答案：1.T　2.F　3.T　4.T　5.F Ⅱ.讀課文，回答問題 1．What does the word “it” refer to in Line 2 in the second paragraph? _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ 2．Fill in the blank with the words from the second paragraph. When Daisy heard that the elephant asked whether she came to take its photo，she laughed ________． 3．Why did the monkey rub itself according to the third paragraph? _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ 4．Was Daisy able to make her new drug，why? _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ 答案：1.The elephant. 2．in relief 3．Because the monkey protected itself from mosquitoes. 4．No，she wasnt.Because she was in her dream and everything had gone. Ⅲ.根據(jù)課文內(nèi)容完成下表 Character Means of transport Aim Daisy (1)______________________ To see some (2)________ Daisys Journey Animals Places Situations (3)______ Tibet They are being killed for their (4)________ An elephant (5)______ They used to be an endangered species because of farmers too much (6)______ Their numbers are (7)________ because they get protection from the (8)________ A monkey A thick rainforest The monkey is rubbing a (n) (9)__________over its body to protect itself from mosquitoes，which shows plants，animals and human beings live together by (10)________each other 答案：1.A flying carpet　2.endangered wildlife 3．An antelope　4.soft fur　5.Zimbabwe　6.hunting 7．increasing　8.government　9.millipede insect 10．supporting 課文深層理解 Ⅰ.讀課文，回答問題 Whats the main idea of the passage? It is about a strange dream that Daisy dreamed.In her dream，she took a ________ to travel and talked with many different ________，which made her know the importance of ____________________． 答案：flying carpet　animals　wildlife protection Ⅱ.仔細閱讀課文，選擇最佳選項 1．Daisy first learned about the antelope ________． A．from her sweater made of fur B．once she was in Tibet C．a(chǎn)fter she saw an antelope looking sad D．when she woke up from her dream 2．There are not as many antelopes as it used to be in Tibet ________． A．because of pollution B．due to the development of industry C．because theyre being killed for fur D．for lack of food 3．Why did elephants use to be an endangered species in Zimbabwe? A．Tourists hunted too many elephants. B．Farmers hunted them without mercy. C．The government encouraged farmers to hunt them. D．Elephants were killed by the government. 4．Farmers used to hunt and kill elephants because they ________． A．didnt want to make more money B．wanted to protect their crops C．wanted to get their fur and meat D．thought they were dangerous to them 5．What does “No rainforest，no animal，no drugs”mean? A．There are no drugs in the rainforest. B．There will be no rainforest，no animals and no drugs in the future. C．Animals in the rainforest dont need drugs. D．The rainforest，animals and drugs are closely related to each other. 答案：1.C　2.C　3.B　4.B　5.D Ⅲ.領會句子所用的句型并譯成漢語 1．This is what wildlife protection is all about. _______________________________________________________ 2．Were being killed for the wool beneath our stomachs. _______________________________________________________ 3. No rainforest, no animals，no drugs. _______________________________________________________ 4．After a while she saw some zebra with black and white lines going beneath their stomachs. _______________________________________________________ 答案：1.這正是野生動物保護的意義所在。 2．為了我們肚皮下的毛，我們正在被屠殺。 3．沒有雨林，就沒有動物，也就沒有藥物了。 4．過了一會兒她看到了一些斑馬，它們身上有一直延伸到腹部的黑白相間的條紋。 知識聚焦 講練互動 要點直擊 1．die out滅絕；逐漸消失 (教材原句P25)As a result these endangered animals may even die out. 結(jié)果，這些瀕危的動物甚至有可能滅絕。 歸納拓展 die away(尤指聲音、光、風)逐漸消失；停止 die down(興奮、激動等情緒)漸弱；漸息；平息 die off(家族、種族等)相繼死亡；(草木)枯死 die from/of因……而死(通常由疾病、饑寒、情感原因造成的死亡用die of，除此之外的原因用die from) 寫出下列句中die out的含義。 (1)With nothing to burn，the fire became weak and finally died out.________ (2)Many traditional customs are dying out with the societys development.________ (3)Scientists said that those plants died out a century ago.________ 答案：(1)熄滅　(2)逐漸消失　(3)滅絕 [活學巧記] 人生總歸有一死，死的搭配要牢記；外因from，內(nèi)因用of，消亡out，相繼死去為off；興奮，情緒漸弱down；聲音、風、光消失away。 即學即練 用適當?shù)慕樵~或副詞填空。 (1)Elephants would die ________ if men were allowed to hunt as many as they wished. (2)About 18 people in China died ________ H7N9 flu by the time April 15th，2013. (3)He died ________ a wound in his chest. (4)She waited until the footsteps died ________． (5)The fire is dying ________．Please add some wood to it. (6)His parents have died ________ in the last two years，which made him very sad. 答案：(1)out　(2)of　(3)from　(4)away　(5)down　(6)off 2．in danger (of)在危險中 (教材原句P25)Why are they in danger of disappearing? 為什么它們面臨滅絕的危險？ 歸納拓展 out of danger脫離危險 (1)He is ________ losing his life. 他有失去生命的危險。 (2)He has been very ill，but the doctors say that he is now out of danger. 他病得很重，但是醫(yī)生們說他現(xiàn)在脫離危險了。 (3)That fierce dog is ________ the boy. 那條兇猛的狗對小男孩來說是個危險。 答案：(1)in danger of　(3)a danger to 易混辨析 dangerous/in danger (of) 易混詞 區(qū)別 dangerous 是形容詞，意為“危險的”，指事物或人對別人有危險 in danger (of) 是介詞短語，意為“處于危險狀況下，在危險中”，指事物或人自身的處境 [一言辨異] The bridge is dangerous，so the children on it are in danger. 這座橋很危險，因此橋上的孩子們處于危險之中。 即學即練 單句語法填空。 (1)________(danger) driving should be severely punished. (2)He will ________(danger) her freedom and even her life. (3)He doesnt work hard so he is ________danger of losing the job. 答案：(1)Dangerous　(2)endanger　(3)in 3．in relief如釋重負；松了口氣 burst into laughter突然笑起來，大聲笑了出來 (教材原句P26)In relief Daisy burst into laughter. 戴茜如釋重負，突然笑了起來。 歸納拓展 in relief放松；如釋重負 to ones relief令某人安心的是 It is a relief to...……是讓人欣慰/輕松的事 a sense of relief解脫感 What a relief！可輕松了！ (1)I felt a great relief when I heard I had passed the examination. 聽說自己已經(jīng)通過了考試，我感到輕松多了。 (2)____________________，the children all arrived home safely. 孩子們都安全到家了，這使我們大大松了一口氣。 (3)It was __________ to be able to talk to someone about it. 能和別人談談這件事，感到舒心多了。 歸納拓展 burst into＋n.突然發(fā)作；爆發(fā)；闖入；沖進 burst out＋doing突然爆發(fā) burst with＋n.突然發(fā)生；突然……起來 (4)Hearing the joke，all the children burst into laughter(burst out laughing)． 聽了這個笑話，所有的孩子都大笑起來。 (5)When he reached the final line，everyone __________． 當他到達終點線時，大家都突然大笑起來。 答案：(2)To our great relief　(3)a relief　(5)burst out laughing/burst into laughter 注意：burst into，burst out都可表示“突然……”，burst into后面常接名詞作賓語；burst out后面常接動詞－ing形式。 助記： burst into laughter　　　burst into a room 即學即練 單句改錯。 (1)Seeing the funny scene，she burst into laughters. _______________________________________________________ (2)Hearing the joke，we burst out laughter. _______________________________________________________ (3)It was great relief to find that my family were all safe. _______________________________________________________ 答案：(1)laughters改為laughter　(2)laughter改為laughing　(3)was后加a　 4．protect...from/against...保護……免受……侵害 (教材原句P26)“Im protecting myself from mosquitoes，”it replied. 它答道：“我在保護自己避免被蚊子叮咬呢?！? 歸納拓展 protective adj.保護的；防護的 protection n．保護；防衛(wèi) protector n．保護人(或組織、裝置等) 與protect...from...結(jié)構(gòu)相似的短語： (1)Protect the babys eyes from the sun. 保護嬰兒的眼睛避開陽光照射。 (2)She ________ her throat ________ the cold by a scarf. 她用圍巾護著喉嚨免得著涼。 (3)Hearing the words，she couldnt ________ crying. 聽了這話，她不由得哭了起來。 (4)How can I stop/prevent him (from) smoking again? 我怎樣才能阻止他再次吸煙呢？ (5)Under the ________ of the new law，the number of pandas is increasing. 在新法律的保護下，熊貓數(shù)量在增加。 答案：(2)protected　from　(3)keep herself from　(5)protection [語境串記] The laptop must have a protective covering which can protect the puter against water.Im sure this protector can make the puter run well under the protection. 筆記本電腦必須有一層防水保護膜。我相信在這防水保護膜的保護下電腦能運轉(zhuǎn)良好。 即學即練 根據(jù)漢語提示完成句子。 (1)What can I do to ____________________(防止這種疾病蔓延)? (2)Almost all parents are ready to ____________________(保護他們的孩子免受傷害)． (3)I was ____________________ (不能入睡)by the church bells. 答案：(1)stop/prevent the disease spreading　(2)protect their children from harm　(3)kept/stopped/prevented from sleeping 5．contain vt.包含；包括；容納；控制 affect vt. 影響；感動；侵襲 (教材原句P26)It contains a powerful drug which affects mosquitoes. 它含有一種強效的藥物可以預防蚊子。 (1)vt.包含，含有；容納 ①This book ________ all the information you need. 這本書包含你所需的一切資料。 ②The jar contains ten glasses of water. 這個罐子能裝十杯水。 (2)vt.控制；抑制 ③I ________ my excitement. 我無法抑制內(nèi)心的激動。 易混辨析 contain/include 易混詞 區(qū)別 contain 多指包含某物的全部內(nèi)容 include 多指包含某物的部分內(nèi)容 [語境串記] The plane contains 300 people，including the two pilots. 這架飛機能容納300人，包括兩名飛行員。 (3)vt.影響　相當于have an effect on ④The rise in prices will affect all classes of people. 物價上漲對各階層的人都有影響。 (4)vt.(感情上)深深打動(＝move) 常見搭配： ⑤I ____________________________ by his story. 我被他的故事深深打動了。 (5)vt. (指疾病)侵襲；使感染 ⑥Cancer has affected his lungs. 他的肺已經(jīng)癌變。 歸納拓展 易混辨析 affect/effect 易混詞 區(qū)別 affect 是動詞，往往表示不太好的影響或作用 effect 是名詞，意思是“作用；后果；效用；(法律)效力”。effect作動詞時，相當正式，意為“引起，使發(fā)生”，只用于表示特定的意思，如造成改變，實行行動計劃等，和affect的意思不一樣 ⑦We were all deeply ________ by the news of her death. 她去世的消息使我們都深感悲痛。 ⑧It wont be easy to put the changes into ________． 把這些變化落到實處不會是件容易的事。 答案：①contains?、踓ould not contain?、輜as greatly affected ⑦affected?、鄀ffect [語境串記] Electronic games dont have much effect on grown－ups but affect students a great deal. 電子游戲?qū)Τ赡耆擞绊懖淮?，但是對學生影響很大。 即學即練 (1)單句語法填空。 ①We were deeply ________ (affect) by her works. ②What he said has ________ effect on me. (2)選詞填空：contain，include。(注意形式的變化) ①The book ______ ten chapters，________ American Literature. ②This kind of fruit __________ lots of vitamin C and B，vitamin D ________． 答案：(1)①affected?、赼n　(2)①contains　including?、赾ontains　included 6．pay attention to注意 appreciate v．鑒賞；感激；意識到(后接名詞、代詞或動名詞，不可接to do) (教材原句P26)You should pay more attention to the rainforest where I live and appreciate how the animals live together. 你應該多加關注我生活的熱帶雨林，并懂得雨林動物是如何在那里共同生活的。 歸納拓展 have ones attention請某人注意 fix/focus ones attention on將注意力集中在……上 draw/attract ones attention (to)吸引某人的注意力(到……) (1)The TV was on but John wasnt ________ much __________ it. 電視開著，可是約翰沒怎么注意看。 (2)May I ____________________________，please? ＝Attention，please! 請注意！ (3)She tried to ________ the waiters ________． 她設法吸引服務員的注意。 【特別提醒】 attention沒有復數(shù)形式，可以用修飾不可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量詞加以修飾，如much，little，no等。 pay attention to中的attention常被提前，充當主語或先行詞，以增加句子結(jié)構(gòu)的復雜性。 pay attention to中的to是介詞而不是不定式符號。含有介詞to的短語還有：stick to(堅持)，look forward to(盼望)，object to(反對)，get down to(開始做)等。 歸納拓展 I would appreciate it if...如果……，我將不勝感激 appreciation n．鑒賞；感謝；理解；體諒 (4)________________ you would turn the music down. 如果你把音樂關小一些，我將不勝感激。 (5)His abilities were not ________ in his job. 他的才干在工作中得不到賞識。 (6)I appreciate your timely help. 我感謝你及時的幫助。 答案：(1)paying　attention to　(2)have your attention　(3)attract/draw　attention　(4)I would appreciate it if (5)appreciated 【特別提醒】 appreciate當與if或when從句連用時，其后必須有一個it來充當它的形式賓語。 appreciate不用于進行時。它表示“感謝”時，只能接“事”不能接“人”作賓語，與thank剛好相反，thank常構(gòu)成thank sb for sth(因某事而感謝某人)結(jié)構(gòu)。試比較： 即學即練 (1)用括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式填空。 ①Our government pays more attention to __________(protect) the wildlife. ②The teacher suggested that much attention should ________ (pay) to the spelling mistakes. ③They express their ________(appreciate) and admiration. (2)單句改錯。 ①I would appreciate if you would open the window for me. _______________________________________________________ ②The design of the building attracted our attentions. _______________________________________________________ (3)用thank/appreciate填空。 ①We really ________ everything youve done for our daughter. ②I havent had a chance to ________ him yet. 答案：(1)①protecting?、赽e paid?、踑ppreciation (2)①if前加it　②attentions改為attention (3)①appreciate?、趖hank 7．succeed vi.成功vt.接替；繼任 (教材原句P27)What must be done if wildlife protection is to succeed? 如果野生動植物保護得以成功，必須做些什么？ 歸納拓展 succeed in (doing) sth成功完成了某事 succeed v．繼……之后；接著……發(fā)生 success n．成功 successful adj.成功的 successfully adv.圓滿地；順利地；成功地 (1)He will succeed his father as manager of the shop. 他將接替他的父親擔任商店經(jīng)理。 (2)I tried to clean the watch，but only ________ it. 我想要把手表弄干凈，結(jié)果卻把它弄壞了。 (3)He met with ________ in his business. 他在事業(yè)上獲得了成功。 (4)Did you have any success in persuading him? 你說服他了嗎？ 答案：(2)succeeded in breaking　(3)success [語境串記] The successful businessman succeeded in devoting his money to the poor school and successfully made a speech about his success. 這位成功的商人成功地把錢捐給了貧困學校并成功地做了關于他的成功的演講。 【特別提醒】 succeed表示“成功”時，是不及物動詞，因此不能用于被動語態(tài)，也不能接to do sth，可以接in (doing) sth。 succeed表示“接替(某人)”時，是及物動詞，其后不用介詞after。但它若表示“繼承(職位、頭銜、財產(chǎn)等)”時，則是不及物動詞，此時它常與介詞to連用。 即學即練 用括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式填空。 (1)He ________ (succeed) in passing the entrance examination last week. (2)If you work hard you ________ (succeed)． (3)He aims to be a ________ (success) writer. (4)We finished repairing the engine ________ (success)． 答案：(1)succeeded　(2)will succeed　(3)successful　(4)successfully 8．harm vt. & n．損害；危害 (教材原句P27)What should be done to punish people who do harm to the animals? 我們應該做些什么來處罰那些傷害動物的人呢？ (1)n.傷害，損害 常見搭配： ①He may look fierce but he ______________________________. 他可能看上去兇狠，但并無惡意。 ②Too much drinking will _______________________________. 飲酒太多非常不利于健康。 (2)vt.傷害，損害 常見搭配： ③You have no right to harm anyone. 你沒有權利傷害任何人。 ④What he did did ________ his image. 他的所作所為的確損害了他的形象。 ⑤吸煙有害健康。 Smoking does harm ________ your health. ＝Smoking does your health ________． ＝Smoking ________ your health. ＝Smoking is ________ to your health. ＝Smoking is ________ for your health. 答案：①means no harm　②do you a lot of harm ④harm?、輙o　harm　harms　harmful　bad 易混辨析 harm/hurt/injure/wound 易混詞 區(qū)別 harm 用于肉體或精神上的傷害均可，有時可指引起不安或不便；還可用于抽象事物，尤其是指不道德的事情 hurt 普通用詞，既可指肉體上的傷害，也可指精神上、感情上的傷害 injure 比hurt正式，injure指損害健康、成就、容貌等，強調(diào)功能的損失 wound 指槍傷、刀傷、刺傷等皮肉之傷，是出血的、嚴重的傷，特指戰(zhàn)場上的受傷 即學即練 用harm，hurt，injure，wound填空。 (1)The robber ________ him with a knife. (2)Dont ________ your eyes by reading in dim light. (3)I hope I didnt ________ her feelings. (4)The driver ________ himself badly in the accident. 答案：(1)wounded　(2)harm　(3)hurt　(4)hurt/injured 9．(教材原句P26)“Please take me to a distant land where I can find the animal that gave fur to make this sweater.” “請把我?guī)У竭b遠的地方，在那里我可以找到為制作這件毛衣提供毛皮的那種動物?！? [句式分析] 本句是一個祈使句，a distant land后面的部分為where引導的一個定語從句，修飾land。在這個定語從句中，還套有一個that引導的定語從句，修飾animal。where引導定語從句時，先行詞是表地點的名詞，where在定語從句中作地點狀語。 (1)Have you ever been to Qingdao，________ there are beautiful beaches? 你去過青島嗎？那里有美麗的沙灘。 (2)This is the new school _________________________________. 這就是我女兒就讀的新校。 答案：(1)where　(2)where my daughter is studying 歸納拓展 (3)Sit where I can see you.(狀語從句) 坐在我能看到你的地方。 (4)This is where she lives.(名詞性從句) 這就是她的住處。 [重點提示] 如果先行詞是地點，但關系詞在定語從句中不作地點狀語，而是作主語或賓語，則要用關系代詞which或that。 This is the place that/which we talked about last time. 這就是我們上次談論到的地方。 即學即練 (1)單句改錯。 ①The bookshop that I bought this book is not far from here. ____________________________