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第37課 詞匯運(yùn)用 解題策略方法 總體來說，中考詞匯類考題主要是把單詞放在特定語境中（即句子或短文中），要求考生通過對語句的理解，結(jié)合所給單詞提示（漢語提示、首字母提示或給出單詞），寫出正確的單詞形式，從而使句子或短文的意思完整。 縱觀近年來各地的中考英語試題，常見的詞匯類考題題型主要有：“根據(jù)漢語提示，填寫句中所缺單詞”；“根據(jù)首字母提示，寫出單詞的正確形式”；“用所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空”；“用方框中所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空”；“用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空”等。 一、解題思路點(diǎn)撥 1. 單詞的填空和拼寫不只是簡單意義上的寫單詞，而應(yīng)注意把它放入句子中加以理解、轉(zhuǎn)化和運(yùn)用，根據(jù)句子的需要填入其適當(dāng)?shù)男问健? 2. 記單詞要注意把單詞的音、形、義相結(jié)合，不僅僅是詞形，還要注意它的固定搭配和特殊用法，這樣就能準(zhǔn)確地記住并熟練地運(yùn)用它。 3. 單詞的拼寫也是有規(guī)律可循的，記單詞要有方法，不能機(jī)械地去記憶，首先要讀準(zhǔn)單詞，根據(jù)單詞的讀音規(guī)則去記。如：開閉音節(jié)、字母組合發(fā)音的規(guī)則，這是記準(zhǔn)單詞的重要方法之一。 4. 英語和漢語一樣都有一詞多義的現(xiàn)象，記單詞時(shí)一定要記清詞義，記準(zhǔn)詞形，還要注意漢語意思的差別。如： How long do you spend（花） reading English every day? 你每天花多少時(shí)間讀英語？ 二、詞匯運(yùn)用題中詞的變化形式 1. 名詞的變形有單數(shù)、復(fù)數(shù)、單數(shù)所有格和復(fù)數(shù)所有格。如：some watches一些手表；my mother’s book我媽媽的書；Teachers’ Day教師節(jié)。 2. 動(dòng)詞的形式有原形、不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞、第三人稱單數(shù)形式、過去式、過去分詞。如： ①Let’s go home. 讓我們回家吧。 ②He is writing now. 他正在寫字。 ③He enjoys watching TV. 他喜歡看電視。 ④He finished his homework and went home. 他完成作業(yè)回家了。 ⑤Have you heard from him? 你收到他的來信了嗎？ ⑥English is spoken all over the world. 英語在全世界被人們說。 3. 形容詞和副詞有三種形式，原形、比較級(jí)形式和最高級(jí)形式，還要注意形容詞和副詞之間的轉(zhuǎn)化。如： ①She was even angrier. 她甚至更生氣了。 ②He said angrily, “Don’t do it again.” 他生氣地說：“不要再這樣做了?！? 4. 數(shù)詞基本的形式有基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞，還要注意once, twice的用法。如： ①Tom is the second tallest boy in my class. 湯姆是我班里第二高的男生。 ②He has two brothers. 他有兩個(gè)兄弟。 ③He has been there twice. 他曾去過那兒兩次。 5. 代詞有五種形式，即主格、賓格、形容詞性物主代詞、名詞性物主代詞和反身代詞。如： ①I’m in trouble, please help me. 我有麻煩，請幫幫我。 ②This is not my book. Mine is over there. 這不是我的書。我的在那邊。 ③I bought a skirt for myself. 我給自己買了條裙子。 當(dāng)堂檢測 一、用方框中所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空，每詞限用一次。 A（xx諸暨市濱江中學(xué)中考模擬） success decide invite teach twelve 1. He has_________ in doing business online. 2. Although she asked me to go to her party, I didn’t want to receive the_________ . 3. This is the math teacher who_________ me when I was in primary school. 4. Teenagers want to make their own_________ . 5. Lucy lives on the_________ floor. B（xx紹興市名校中考模擬） four simple fair prefer unless 6. The_________ of the match is very important for sports players. 7. I won’t go to Jenny’s birthday party_________ Amy is invited too. 8. I bought the house_________ because it was large. 9. I_________ dancing to singing when I was young. 10. He has just begun his_________ year in college. 二、選詞填空。（xx湖州市吳興區(qū)中考模擬） 選擇方框內(nèi)的單詞完成下列句子，使句子通順、正確，每詞限用一次。 A. unfriendly B. spirit_________ C. stole D. fallen E. pronunciation F. especially 1. Generally speaking, American English is different from British English in_________ and spelling. 2. She had been very angry at the person who_________ her new bike. 3. Millions of wild flowers color the valleys,_________ in April and May. 4. Michelle has_________ asleep with her head against his shoulder. 5. She is a very brave girl and everyone who knows her admires her_________ . 6. It’s very_________ of him to act the way he did. 三、用方框中所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空，使對話通順、正確，每詞限用一次。（xx余姚中考模擬） much happy each what late Nancy: Hey Bert, I think I’ve made Alice mad and I’m not sure what to do about it. Bert: 1_________ happened? Nancy: You know Julie is Alice’s best friend, right? Bert: Uh-huh. Nancy: Well, the more I get to know Julie, the 2_________ I realized that we have a lot in common. So we’ve been spending more time together 3_________. Bert: But what’s wrong with that? Nancy: Umm...it makes Alice 4_________ because she thinks Julie is now better friends with me than with her. Bert: I see. Mmm...why don’t you ask Alice to join you 5_________ time you do something with Julie? Then she won’t feel left out. Nancy: Oh, good idea!That can make our friendship stronger. 四、根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容和所給漢語提示，在空白處寫出單詞的正確形式。每空限填一詞。 It’s already midnight, but 16-year-old Xiao Lin from Wuhan is still 1_________（醒著）. Sitting in front of a computer, he has been playing online games for hours. Xiao Lin is not alone. Statistics from China Internet Network Information Center show that by the end of 2_________（十二月）, xx, the number of Internet users in China below the age of 19 was about 170 million. Many of them, like Xiao Lin, 3_________（花費(fèi)） too much time on online games, which is bad for their health and studies. To 4_________（處理） with this social problem, the Chinese government worked out a draft regulation（法規(guī)草案） in January. Under the regulation, minors（未成年人） will not be able to play online games 5_________（在……之間） midnight and 8 a.m. every day. Online gaming companies will limit young people’s playing time. This is also 6_________（叫做） “Online game curfew”. Many people agreed that the regulation could 7 （更好） protect Chinese young people online. But others doubted 8_________（是否） it would successfully stop young people from playing games during the time. “This regulation is only the first step,” Tong Xiaojun said to CCTV. “We need help from the whole 9 （社會(huì)）. And there is still a long way to go in 10_________（提供） the young people a safe and healthy online environment.”  參考答案 當(dāng)堂檢測 一、1. succeeded 2. invitation 3. taught 4. decisions 5. twelfth 6. fairness 7. unless 8. simply 9. preferred 10. fourth 二、1—5. ECFDB 6. A 三、1. What 2. more 3. lately 4. unhappy 5. each 四、1. awake 2. December 3. spend 4. deal 5. between 6. called/named 7. better 8. if/whether 9. society 10. offering