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2019版中考英語二輪復習 閱讀理解優(yōu)編題（5） Passage A （2019中考科普環(huán)保類選練） Pollution Hundreds of years ago, life was much harder than it is today. People didn’t have modern machines. There was no modern medicine, either. Life today has brought new problems. One of the biggest is pollution （污染）. Water pollution has made our rivers and lakes dirty. It kills our fish and polluted our drinking water. Noise pollution makes us talk louder and become angry more easily. Air pollution is the most serious kind of pollution. It’s bad to all living things in the world. Cars, planes and factories all pollute our air every day. Sometimes the polluted air is so thick that it is like a quilt over a city. This kind of quilt is called smog（煙霧）. Many countries are making rules to fight pollution. Factories must now clean their water before it is thrown away, they mustn’t blow dirty smoke into the air. We need to do many other things. We can put waste things in the dustbin and not throw it on the ground. We can go to work by bus or with our friends in the same car. If there are fewer people driving, there will be less pollution. Rules are not enough. Every person must help to fight pollution. 1. Hundreds of years ago, life was much harder than it is today because _______. A. there were not any modern machines B. there was no modern medicine C. both A and B D. there were not many people 2. What is the biggest problem in today’s life? A. Water pollution B. Air pollution C. Noise D. Pollution 3. The most serious kind of pollution is ________. A. noise pollution B. air pollution C. water pollution D. A, B and C 4. Factories must clean their water ________. A. before they are thrown away B. when they are thrown away C. after it is thrown away D. before it is thrown away 5. From the passage we know that ________. A. a few years ago, there was no smog at all B. today people don’t have to talk to each other in a loud voice C. we can drink water from the polluted rivers and lakes’ D. people are making rules in order to fight pollution 參考答案CDBDD Passage B The giraffe is the tallest modern land animal. It can be over 5.5 metres tall. Its neck alone may be 1.9metres long. Yet the giraffe has only seven bones in its neck, the same number as in the human. Even a small bird has many more bones in its neck than in a tall giraffe. Each bone in a giraffes neck is very long, while the bones in a human neck are small. That makes the difference. A female giraffe gives birth to one baby at a time. The baby, called a calf, is about 1.9 metres tall at birth. By the age of eight it is full-grown. The giraffe eats mostly leaves. Because it has a long neck, it can reach the leaves high up on the trees. (1)In this passage the underlined word “giraffe” means _______. A.鯨魚 B.長頸鹿 C.大象 D.恐龍 (2)The bones in a birds neck is ________. A. as big as in a humans neck B. not so big as in a giraffes neck C. many more than in a humans neck D. much smaller in a giraffes neck (3)Which of the following is true? A. A giraffe has only seven bones B. The giraffe is the largest animal on the land C. It takes eight years for a giraffe to grow up D. Most of the leaves on the trees are eaten by giraffes (4)When a giraffe is born, it is about ______. A. 5.5 metres long B. 5.5 metres tall C. 1.9 metres long D. 1.9 metres tall (5)We can guess when giraffe see a tiger _______. A. it will run away as fast as possible B. it will run to eat the tiger C. it will make the tiger bring it something to eat D. it will make one of the smallest animals bring the tiger something to eat 解析 (1)根據下文頸長1.9米且是陸地動物，顯然B是正確答案。 (2)giraffe頸骨的數(shù)量和人類頸骨數(shù)量相同，但鳥的頸骨數(shù)量比giraffe頸骨數(shù)量多，所以正確答案為C。 (3)這是一題細讀題，文章中“By the age of eight it is full-grown.”故選C。(4)這也是細讀題，文章中“The baby, called a calf, is about 1.9 metres tall at birth.”故選D。 (5)這一題考查常識知識，長頸鹿看到虎，當然是盡力跑開，故選A。 Passage C Have you ever seen a horse with toes(腳趾)? Millions of years ago, horses had many toes. They had four toes on each front foot. They had three toes on each back foot. The horses were smaller than cats. These small horses lived in the forest. Their many toes helped the horses run over the soft wet ground. It was very hot in the forest. But the weather changed. It became cold. Many trees couldnt live in cold weather. The trees died and fell. Open field took the place of(代替) forests. The sun made the ground dry and hard(堅硬). Horses began to change too.They began to get bigger.This took a long time. On the dry hard land, horses needed only their middle toes for running. Their middle toes became hard. After a long time horses had only one hard toe on each foot. We call this hard toe a hoof(馬蹄). (1) Long ago, the horse had four toes on each of its ______. A. back feet B. front feet C. right feet (2) The cats were ______ the horses at that time. A. much bigger B. smaller than C. bigger than (3) Which of the three sentences is true? A. The weather stays the same the whole year all over the world. B. When the weather changed, animals began to change too. C. Cats were bigger in the past than they are today. (4) On the dry hard land ______. A. horses needed a lot of room for running B. a horse needed more than four toes for running C. horses needed only their middle toes for running (5) Now each horse has ______ on its feet. A. one toe B. three toes C. four toes 參考答案 (1) B (2) C (3) B (4) C (5) C Passage D If you have no special plans for your holidays, why not spend your time helping others? Some people say the young today only think of themselves. Its not true. In fact more and more young people in the USA volunteer to spend their school holidays helping others. And they do it without reward. Here are some of their plans. *Alice Brown, 17 Im going to help the Forest Center build new hiking paths in the mountains with my brother, Mike. It will be fantastic. We will spend the whole summer living in a tent and breathing the fresh air. Were going to sleep under the stars. It will be a nice spot, and we will be able to do something wonderful at the same time！ *Jason Moore, 18 This summer, Ill volunteer for Special House Program to build good, lowcost houses and sell them to the poor. Theyll teach me what to do, so I am going to help people and also have a chance to learn how to build houses. *Trish Anderson, 16 Im going to teach children who have trouble in reading. Ill work for a program called Reading for Life. Im going to help childen choose and read books that they like. I want to be a teacher, and I like children and reading, so it will be a great experience for me. (　　)1.Many young people in the USA volunteer to spend their school holidays ______. A. watching TV B. playing games C. helping others D. travelling (　　)2. Jason Moore will volunteer to ______ this summer. A. build new hiking paths in the mountains B. build houses with Special House Program C. teach children who have trouble in reading D. help children choose and read books that they like (　　)3. Who is going to help children choose and read books that they like? A. Alice Brown. B. Jason Moore. C. Trish Anderson. D. Mike Brown. (　　)4. According to the text, which of the following is TRUE? A. Alice will spend the whole summer living in a tent. B. Jason will breathe the fresh air this summer. C. Trish will have a chance to go to sleep under the stars. D. Jason will build good, lowcost houses and sell them to the rich. (　　)5.Where is the text most probably taken from? A. A novel B. A science book C. A storybook D. A report 參考答案1～5 C B C A D Passage E You may think that sailing is a difficult sport, but it is really not hard to learn it. You do not need to be strong. But you need to be quick. And you need to understand a few basic rules about the wind. First, you must ask yourself, “Where is the wind coming from? Is it coming from ahead or behind or from the side?” You must think about this all the time on the boat. The wind direction tells you what to do with the sail. Let’s start with the wind blowing from the behind. This means the wind and the boat are going in the same direction. Then you must always keep the sail outside the boat. It should be at a 90 angle to the boat. Then it will catch the wind best. If the wind is blowing from the side, it is blowing across the boat. In this case, you must keep the sail half way outside the boat. It should be at a 45 angle to the boat. It needs to be out far enough to catch the wind, but it shouldn’t flap. If it is flapping, it is probably out too far, and the boat will slow down. Sailing into the wind is not possible. If you try, the sail will flap and the boat will stop. You may want to go in that direction. It is possible, but you can’t go in a straight line. You must go first in one direction and then in another. This is called tacking. When you are tacking, you must always keep the sail inside the boat. Come and join us! 46. What should you consider first while sailing? A. Sailors’ strength. B. Wave levels. C. Wind directions. D. Size of sails. 47. What does the word “It” underlined in Paragraph 4 refer to? A. The boat. B. The wind. C. The sail. D. The angle. 48. What do you have to do when sailing against the wind? A. Move in a straight line. B. Allow the sail to flap. C. Lower the sail. D. Tack the boat. 49. Where can you probably find the text? A. In a popular magazine. B. In a tourist guidebook. C. In a physics textbook. D. In an official report. 50. What’s the main purpose for writing the passage? A. To explain how to sail well. B. To show how to sail into the wind. C. To encourage people to sail. D. To introduce 3 basic rules about the wind. 參考答案46-50 CCDAC