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第39課 任務(wù)型閱讀 解題策略方法 任務(wù)型閱讀理解是各地中考試卷中大量出現(xiàn)的新題型。任務(wù)型閱讀理解題的出現(xiàn)與我國(guó)實(shí)施新課程、進(jìn)行新課程改革的大環(huán)境直接有關(guān)，也與我國(guó)外語(yǔ)界最火熱的任務(wù)型英語(yǔ)教學(xué)趨勢(shì)相吻合。 一、任務(wù)型閱讀理解題解讀 任務(wù)型閱讀理解測(cè)試的主要體裁為應(yīng)用文——廣告，主要考查考生在有限的時(shí)間內(nèi)根據(jù)不同人的不同需要捕捉相應(yīng)的有效信息的能力。任務(wù)型閱讀理解題所選文章題材真實(shí)可靠，內(nèi)容貼近現(xiàn)代社會(huì)生活，涉及學(xué)生生活，富有時(shí)代氣息，語(yǔ)言原汁原味。 該題型主要考查考生是否能夠有效地運(yùn)用語(yǔ)言“做事”的能力，體現(xiàn)了語(yǔ)言能力、智力和社會(huì)經(jīng)驗(yàn)等方面能力的有機(jī)結(jié)合。從某種意義上來(lái)說(shuō)，這一題型的閱讀理解實(shí)際上就是一道高水平的智能檢測(cè)題——綜合檢測(cè)考生的閱讀、理解、分析、判斷、跨文化交際知識(shí)以及心理感悟能力等。如果考生心理承受力比較弱，或者應(yīng)試時(shí)頭腦一時(shí)不那么開竅，恐怕很快就會(huì)感覺猶如“霧里看花”、似它而非它了，而且，考生對(duì)某一題的錯(cuò)誤判斷會(huì)影響其對(duì)其他題目做出正確的分析和判斷，產(chǎn)生蔓延作用。 二、各種類型的任務(wù)型閱讀的答題技巧 1. 回答問題的任務(wù)型閱讀理解題的答題技巧 這類題型要求我們根據(jù)短文、表格、圖片或圖文結(jié)合的材料回答命題者設(shè)定的問題。其答題技巧為： （1）仔細(xì)閱讀短文后所提出的問題，帶著問題通讀全文，把握文章主旨，找出與問題有關(guān)的句子、句子的關(guān)鍵詞、短語(yǔ)等。 （2）在此基礎(chǔ)上再結(jié)合上下文進(jìn)行分析判斷、邏輯推理、歸納提煉，得出問題答案所需要的內(nèi)容。 （3）表達(dá)句子時(shí)內(nèi)容要簡(jiǎn)潔明了、語(yǔ)法正確、語(yǔ)句通順、書寫規(guī)范，通常用一個(gè)完整的句子作答，有時(shí)根據(jù)具體情境也可用其簡(jiǎn)略形式作答。 2. 閱讀短文填單詞完成表格題的答題技巧 此類題型要求對(duì)文中的有效信息進(jìn)行篩選、整合和綜合概括，而后準(zhǔn)確、有序地完成表格的空缺。有的在文章中可直接找到答案，一般為原詞；有的要對(duì)文章的原句進(jìn)行加工，根據(jù)句型結(jié)構(gòu)變化和語(yǔ)法要求提煉出新詞；還有的需要概括出文章的標(biāo)題、段落大意、文章目的、結(jié)論等，要求較高。此類題的答題技巧： （1）看清題目及要求，做到有的放矢，心中有數(shù)。 （2）注意表格前的小標(biāo)題，它通常是段落和表格的主題句，有助于理解文章。 （3）理解表格設(shè)計(jì)，表格一般包括列標(biāo)題和行標(biāo)題，通過閱讀這些標(biāo)題和表格里的內(nèi)容，可迅速了解表格的結(jié)構(gòu)和表格的設(shè)計(jì)原理。同時(shí)也可縮小信息范圍，確定考查內(nèi)容。 （4）根據(jù)已填的內(nèi)容來(lái)推斷所填之詞的形式，是單詞或詞組。 （5）填寫答案時(shí)注意工整對(duì)稱性，要注意與已填部分的形式保持一致。比如：是-ing都用-ing，是名詞都用名詞。同時(shí)要注意時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)、句式等，避免出現(xiàn)錯(cuò)誤。 （6）全部填完后，把文章看一遍，檢查所填之詞是否符合文章內(nèi)容，拼寫是否正確。 3. 排序成文的任務(wù)型閱讀理解題的答題技巧 這種題型通常有兩種考查形式：一是給出幾句或幾段雜亂無(wú)序的閱讀材料，要求按順序重新排列成一篇語(yǔ)意通順、結(jié)構(gòu)完整的材料；另一種是從一篇完整的文章中抽出幾個(gè)句子，要求考生把它們重新放入文中，使文章恢復(fù)原貌。做這類題時(shí)，我們要從文章的整體出發(fā)，借助于某些關(guān)鍵詞或短語(yǔ)，在正確把握文章主旨的基礎(chǔ)上根據(jù)上下文的關(guān)系來(lái)判斷，因此把握好句子之間的邏輯關(guān)系是做好此題型的關(guān)鍵所在。 4. “一一對(duì)應(yīng)”關(guān)系的任務(wù)型閱讀理解題的答題技巧 （1）快讀以了解短文大意，明確題目要求?？忌ㄟ^快速瀏覽文章首句、尾句和關(guān)鍵詞語(yǔ)，來(lái)了解文段的大意并明確試題的具體要求，了解廣告或海報(bào)的話題或主題，保證答題時(shí)不會(huì)出現(xiàn)離題現(xiàn)象，否則一錯(cuò)就很可能會(huì)錯(cuò)兩到三題，嚴(yán)重影響答題的效果。 （2）尋讀時(shí)要依照題項(xiàng)信息，尋找匹配信息?？忌紫纫x懂題項(xiàng)，抓住關(guān)鍵信息，然后再帶著所獲關(guān)鍵信息，有針對(duì)性地尋找所需要的相關(guān)匹配信息，對(duì)號(hào)入座，而不必句句都讀。 （3）考生還得注意：每讀一段話，做一道題，每確定一題的答案后，將該選項(xiàng)從列表中劃去，以免在之后的選擇中干擾視線，同時(shí)也將相應(yīng)的短文劃去，減少之后的閱讀段落。 當(dāng)堂檢測(cè) A（xx紹興名校聯(lián)誼中考模擬） 閱讀下面短文，從方框中所給的A—D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選擇正確的答案，并將其序號(hào)填入第1—4小題，使短文意思連貫，然后回答第5小題。 As the saying goes, “A thousand-mile journey begins with a single step.” Tang Renli, a student at Nanjing University of Technology, has been to more than 200 cities in China during his four years in college. To share his experiences, Tang held a photo show Play Hooky, Go Travel at the Beijing 798 Art Zone. 1_________. “It’s not only a memory of my trips but also a graduation gift to myself,” Tang said. You may wonder how Tang could find the time.“2_________ . But I always complete my study first,” he said. Tang, who is city planning major, has never failed a compulsory（必修的） course at college. “I spend more time and effort on my study, especially during the final’s weeks,” Tang said. “But I was excited when thinking of traveling afterwards.” 3_________ . His travel budget（預(yù)算） was limited, so Tang had to take the cheapest form of transport and sometimes slept in train stations. “Sometimes I felt lonely, helpless and even found myself in trouble,” Tang said. “But now when I look back, these problems make my journey and life different, since they have all been solved in the end.” 4_________ . Tang said, “Don’t think too much about the uncertainties, because you’ll cross that bridge when you get to it.” A. Schoolwork was not the only difficulty Tang had to face B. I gave myself one to two weeks every month for travel C. He shared over 300 photos of his tours D. Thanks to the hard times, Tang now has more stories to tell 5. What do you think of Tang Renli? （不多于3個(gè)單詞） _____________________________________________ B（xx杭州市下城區(qū)中考模擬） 根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，請(qǐng)從A—F選項(xiàng)中選出五個(gè)句子填入文中空缺處（第1—5小題），使短文內(nèi)容完整正確。選項(xiàng)中有一項(xiàng)是多余選項(xiàng)。 A. We joke around and talk about different things. B. That is why you are teaching them. C. It is really important to learn a second language. D. Sometimes they get stressed when they find the lesson too hard or boring. E. Be generous with your words of praise and encouragement. F. It’s a good gift to have the opportunity to teach. While waiting for my nursing board exam results, I wanted to get a job as an ESL （English as a Second Language） teacher for Korean students. They came to the US while they were in their winter vacation from the university to study English. I am new to teaching, but I have found out very important tips about teaching them. ◆Be very patient. Of course, they don’t know a lot of things. 1_________ Don’t lose your temper（脾氣）. If they don’t understand a lesson, just repeat to them or try a different way. ◆Prepare games and ice-breakers. 2_________ Games and ice-breakers can cheer them a little bit. ◆Praise and encourage them. 3_________ It will cheer them up. ◆Have fun!I treat my students as my friends, too. 4_________ They tell me that they look forward to attending my class every day. Now, my students are on their way back to Korea. I never thought that I would love teaching. But I do. And I have got a lot from it. 5_________ It’s an experience I’ll never forget. 參考答案 當(dāng)堂檢測(cè) A：1—4. CBAD 5. Brave and hard-working. B：1—5. BDEAF