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八年級下冊Units1-2,Ⅰ.單詞?分類記憶【核心速記】不可不記1.________(n.)胃;腹部2.____(v.苦惱,stomach,rest,break,hurt,passenger,trouble,7.___(v.)(用手或器具)擊;打8.________(n.)情況;狀況9._________(v.)義務(wù)做;自愿做(n.)志愿者10.______(n.)通知;通告;注意(v.)注意到;意識到11.______(adj.)孤獨的;寂寞的12.______(pron.)幾個;數(shù)個;一些,hit,situation,volunteer,notice,lonely,several,13._____(v.)募集;征集14._____(adj.)瞎的;失明的15._______(v.使關(guān)注,raise,blind,change,interest,【聯(lián)想串記】不可不知1.foot(n.)→____(復(fù)數(shù))腳;足2.climb(v.)→_______(n.)登山者;攀登者3.knife(n.)→______(復(fù)數(shù))刀4.important(adj.)→__________(n.)重要性;重要5.decide(v.)→_______(n.)決定;抉擇6.die(v.)→_____(adj.)無生命的→_____(n.)死;死亡7.feel(v.)→______(n.)感覺;感觸8.satisfy(v.)→__________(n.)滿足;滿意,feet,climber,knives,importance,decision,dead,death,feeling,satisfaction,9.own(v.)→______(n.)物主;主人10.break(v.)→_______(adj.)破損的;殘缺的11.able(adj.)→________(adj.)喪失能力的;有殘疾的→______(adj.)沒有所需技能;無能;無法12.difficult(adj.)→________(n.)困難;難題13.train(v.)→_______(adj.)訓(xùn)練過的,受過培訓(xùn)的→_______(n.)訓(xùn)練;培訓(xùn)14.excite(v.)→_______(adj.)興奮的;激動的→_______(adj.)令人興奮的;令人激動的15.kind(adj.)→________(n.)仁慈;善良,owner,broken,disabled,unable,difficulty,trained,training,excited,exciting,kindness,Ⅱ.短語?雙語互譯1.感冒havea____2.胃痛havea____________3.躺下lie_____4.發(fā)燒havea_____5.下車get___6.放棄give___7.推遲put___8.照顧;非常喜歡care___,cold,stomachache,down,fever,off,up,off,for,9.贈送;捐贈give_____10.修理;裝飾fix___11.建立;設(shè)立___up12.makeadifference____________13.takeone’stemperature_______14.takebreaks_____15.toone’ssurprise_____________16.rightaway__________17.getinto__________,away,up,set,影響;有作用,量體溫,休息,使……驚訝的,立即;馬上,陷入;參與,18.beusedto___________19.getoutof________________20.beincontrolof__________21.giveout__________eupwith__________,習(xí)慣于……,離開;從……出來,掌管;管理,分發(fā);散發(fā),想出;提出,Ⅲ.句型?超級填寫1.朱迪怎么了?________________withJudy?2.我應(yīng)該量一下體溫嗎?_______I____mytemperature?3.多虧了王先生和這些乘客,醫(yī)生才及時挽救了這個(老)人。_________Mr.Wangandthepassengers,thedoctorssavedthemanintime.,What’sthematter,Should,take,Thanksto,4.我想幫助無家可歸的人。_____________homelesspeople.5.你認(rèn)為狗還能夠以其他哪些方式幫助人?Inwhatotherways___________dogsareabletohelppeople?,I’dliketohelp,doyouthink,【核心詞匯】1.troublen.問題;苦惱【填一填思維激活】①不要嘲笑處于困境中的人。Don’tlaughatthepeople____________________.②Wehavesometrouble____________________(work)outtheproblem.答案:①introuble②working,【記一記知識構(gòu)建】trouble的用法,【歸納拓展】trouble作動詞,意為“打擾;使煩惱”,常用搭配為:troublesb.todosth.麻煩某人做某事besorrytotroublesb.很抱歉打擾某人,,【一言辨異】Don’ttroubletroubletilltroubletroublesyou.麻煩沒找你,你別找麻煩。,【練一練走近中考】(2014福州中考)—Jack,Ihave______workingoutthemathproblem.—Don’tworry.Letmehelpyou.A.funB.troubleC.experience,2.giveup放棄【填一填思維激活】①整天玩電腦游戲?qū)δ愕慕】涤泻ΑＤ銘?yīng)該放棄它。Playingcomputergamesalldayisbadforyourhealth.Youshould______________________________.②你應(yīng)該戒煙。Youshould______________________________.答案:①giveitup②giveupsmoking,【記一記知識構(gòu)建】giveup的用法(1)giveup是動副短語,后接代詞作賓語時,必須放在兩詞中間。(2)giveup后接動詞時需用動詞的-ing形式,相當(dāng)于stopdoingsth.。,【歸納拓展】give的相關(guān)短語,【練一練走近中考】(2014襄陽中考)Hefailedtobreaktheworldrecordforlongjumpmanytimes,buthenever______hishope.A.tookoffB.putawayC.gaveupD.turneddown,【教師備選】(2013濱州中考)—DiaoyuIslandbelongstoChina.—Surelyitdoes!WeChinesewillnever______itup.A.cutB.fixC.giveD.set【解析】選C?？疾閯釉~短語搭配。cutup“切碎”;fixup“修理”;giveup“放棄”;setup“建立”。句意:——釣魚島屬于中國?！?dāng)然是!我們中國人絕不會放棄它。所以選擇答案C。,3.cheerup(使)變得更高興;振奮起來【填一填思維激活】①振作起來吧!你的困難不久就會過去的。____________________!Yourtroublewillsoonbeover.②橙色能帶給我們成功,使我們振作。Orangecanbringussuccessand__________us__________.答案:①Cheerup②cheer;up,【記一記知識構(gòu)建】cheerup的用法(1)cheerup也可以單獨使用,表示“變得高興,振奮起來”。(2)cheersb.up意為“使某人高興起來”,相當(dāng)于makesb.happy。如果賓語是名詞或詞組,可放在cheerup的中間或后面,若是代詞作賓語,則只能放在cheerup的中間。,【歸納拓展】有關(guān)up的短語,【練一練走近中考】(2014安徽中考)—Wefailedinthesingingcompetition.—______.Bettertimesarewaitingforyou.A.NowayB.BestwishesC.CheerupD.Goodjob,4.lonelyadj.孤獨的;寂寞的【填一填思維激活】①Hedoesn’twanttogotherealone.(改為同義句)Hedoesn’twanttogothere____________________.②你無法想象他在外面可能會多么孤獨和無助。Youcannotimaginehow__________andhelplesshecanbeontheoutside.答案:①byhimself②lonely,【辨一辨考點突破】alone與lonely的用法辨析,【一言辨異】Iwastravellingaloneinthelonelymountain.Ididn’tfeellonelythoughIwasalone.我獨自在荒涼的山里旅行。雖孤身一人,但我并不感到寂寞。,【練一練走近中考】(安順中考)Hisgrandparentslive______inasmallhouse,buttheydon’tfeel______.A.lonely;aloneB.alone;lonelyC.lonely;lonelyD.alone;alone,【教師備選】(2013上海中考)MyoldneighbourCharlesfelt______afterhischildrenmovedout.A.lonelyB.safelyC.angrilyD.happily【解析】選A。考查詞匯辨析。由“他的孩子搬出去之后”可知“我的老鄰居查爾斯感到寂寞”。lonely“孤獨的;寂寞的”。,5.raisev.募集;征集【填一填思維激活】選詞填空(raise,rise)。①Look!Chang’e-Ⅲ__________intothesky.②She__________herbothhandsinordertoanswerthequestionasthefirstone.答案:①isrising②raised,【辨一辨考點突破】rise與raise的不同,【圖解助記】,【練一練走近中考】(2014來賓中考)Manystars__________(籌集)moneyforhomelesschildrennowadays.Theyaresokind.答案:raise,6.difficultyn.困難,難題【填一填思維激活】①Ihave__________(difficult)readingattimes.②當(dāng)你做決定有困難時,可以打電話給我。Youcancallmeifyouhave____________________adecision.答案:①difficulty②difficultymaking,【辨一辨考點突破】difficult/difficultly/difficulty的用法辨析,【練一練走近中考】(2013聊城中考)—Ihavegreat______infinishingtheworkbymyself.Couldyouhelpme?—Noproblem.A.funB.successC.adviceD.difficulty,【重點句型】1.—What’sthematter?——怎么了?—Ihaveastomachache.——我胃痛。,【思一思句型剖析】(1)What’sthematter?意為“怎么了?”常用來詢問身體有什么不適或有什么不順心的事,也可以用來詢問某物出了什么故障,后面可接withsb./sth.,表示“某人/某物怎么了?”。(2)由-ache構(gòu)成的復(fù)合名詞,(3)“have+a+名詞”型短語,【歸納拓展】,【練一練走近中考】(2014江西中考)—Hi,John.__________?—It’sLucy,mydog.Herlegishurt.A.HowareyouB.What’sthematterC.Who’sthatD.What’sLucylike,2.ThankstoMr.Wangandthepassengers,thedoctorssavedthemanintime.多虧了王先生和這些乘客,醫(yī)生才及時挽救了這個(老)人?！舅家凰季湫推饰觥縯hanksto“由于;幸虧”,介詞短語,后接名詞、代詞,強(qiáng)調(diào)感謝的對象。Thankstoyourhelp,wecanfinishtheworkontime.多虧了你的幫忙,我們才準(zhǔn)時完成工作。,【歸納拓展】thanksfor“因……而感謝”,客套用語,thanks相當(dāng)于thankyou。for為介詞,后接名詞或動詞-ing,強(qiáng)調(diào)為何而感謝。Thanksforinvitingmetoyourparty.謝謝你邀請我參加你的聚會。,【練一練走近中考】(2014四川中考)Thanks______Mr.Hu,wehavelearntmanyEnglishsongs.A.forB.atC.to,【要點備選】1.rightaway立即,馬上【填一填思維激活】①他馬上意識到什么地方出了問題。Herealized____________________thattherewassomethingwrong.②他現(xiàn)在不在辦公室。Heisnotintheoffice____________________.答案:①rightaway②rightnow,【辨一辨考點突破】rightaway/rightnow的用法辨析,【練一練走近中考】(2012黃岡中考)—Whatwouldyoudoifyou__________thetrafficaccident?—Iwould______.A.see;domyhouseworkfirstB.saw;buysomefruitrightawayC.see;callat110atonceD.saw;callthepolicerightaway,2.fixv.修理;安裝【填一填思維激活】①他把機(jī)器固定在地上。He__________themachineontheground.②Theworkersare__________(repairing/mending/fixing)theoldbridge.答案:①fixed②repairing,【記一記知識構(gòu)建】三種“修理”的不同,【練一練走近中考】(2013菏澤中考)—Whydoyoucollectsomanyoldbikes?—I’llhavethem______andgiveawaytothechildrenwhodon’thavebikes.A.usedupB.givenupC.fixedupD.setup,3.deathn.死;死亡【填一填思維激活】用die的適當(dāng)形式填空。①她媽媽的死對她是個打擊。Hermother’s__________wasashocktoher.②The__________oldmantoldhissonsthattherewasagoldpotunderthetalltreeinfrontoftheirhouse.Aftertellingthemaboutthat,theoldmanclosedhiseyesand__________.答案:①death②dying;died,4.carefor照顧;非常喜歡【填一填思維激活】①Heoftencaresforhissickmother.(改為同義句)Heoften______________________________hissickmother.Heoften____________________hissickmother.②我喜歡綠茶。I____________________greentea.答案:①takescareof;looksafter②carefor,【記一記知識構(gòu)建】carefor的用法,【練一練走近中考】(2013黃石中考)Manystudentsinourschool__________theoldandtheyusuallyoffertheirseatstothemonbuses.A.worryaboutB.careforC.agreewithD.takecare,5.runout(of)用盡【填一填思維激活】①LinTao’spocketmoneywasusedupyesterday.(改為同義句)LinTao’spocketmoney____________________yesterday.②Thewriterhadrunoutoftheinkbeforehefinishedwriting.(改為同義句)Theink______________________________beforethewriterfinishedwriting.答案:①ranout②hadrunout,【記一記知識構(gòu)建】runout短語的用法(1)runout意為“用盡”,相當(dāng)于beusedup,其主語通常為時間、食物、金錢等名詞;runout是不及物動詞短語,其后不能帶賓語,無被動形式。(2)runoutofsth.(=useupsth.)意為“用盡某物”,其主語一般是人。,【練一練走近中考】(2014黃岡中考)Hetoldtheinterviewerthathehadrunoutofmoneytobuyoldbikes.A.putawayB.turnedoffC.takenoutD.usedup,6.imaginev.想象;設(shè)想【填一填思維激活】①—Look!Theboyisrunningsofast!—Ican’t__________(想象)thathisrightlegwasoncebroken.②你能想象喬治做飯的樣子嗎?Canyou__________George__________dinner?答案:①imagine②imagine;cooking,【記一記知識構(gòu)建】imagine的用法總結(jié)(1)imagine作及物動詞,后跟名詞、代詞、動名詞或從句作賓語。(2)imagine后跟復(fù)合賓語,即imagine+名詞/代詞+動名詞。Jimmy’smotherimaginesJimmybecomingafilmstaroneday.吉米的媽媽想象有一天吉米會成為一名電影明星。,【練一練走近中考】(河南中考)TheInternetissocloselyconnectedwithourdailylife.Canyou______alifewithoutit?A.understandB.imagineC.considerD.expect,7.ShouldItakemytemperature?我應(yīng)該量一下體溫嗎?【思一思句型剖析】(1)should作情態(tài)動詞,有實際的詞義,但它不可單獨作謂語,須與動詞原形連用,沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化。Youshouldworkharder.你應(yīng)該更努力地工作。(2)常用句型:Youshould/shouldn’tdosth.“你(不)應(yīng)該做某事”。,【溫馨提示】should表示預(yù)測和可能性,意為“應(yīng)該;可能”。Weshouldarrivebysuppertime.我們在晚飯時間應(yīng)該能到了。Sheshouldbehereatanymoment.她隨時都可能來。,【練一練走近中考】(2014云南中考)—Youlookreallytired.______?—Ididn’tsleepwelllastnight.Ihadaheadache.A.HowaboutyouB.WhatshouldIdoC.What’sthematterD.Howareyoufeelingnow,專題十瀏覽全文歸納主旨大意命題角度1標(biāo)題歸納(2014紹興中考)VickyZhaoisfromthemainlandworkinginHongKong.Forher,onethingshecan’tstandispeoplestandingonthewrongsideoftheescalator(自動扶梯)insubwaystations.“Escalatorshelpusmovefasterandsavetime.Itisn’taplacetorest,”the24-year-oldsays,“Ioftenseetouristsblocking(擋住)thewaywiththeirheavysuitcasesorchattingontheescalatorsduringrushhour.Itmakesmeveryangry.”,Agreeingthatsheisnotthepatienttype,ZhaosaysthingsaremuchbetterinHongKongthanincitiesonthemainlandwherepeopleoftenpaynoattentionto“standright,walkleft”signs.Thereasonbehindtherule“standright,walkleft”seemsclear.Eventhoughyoumaywanttohavearestandjustwaitwhileyou’retransportedupordown,youshouldstillconsiderothersandleaveenoughspaceforpeopleinahurry,sothattheycanrunandtakethetrain.,Butthepeoplewhostandonescalatorswilltellthewalkersnottobesoimpatient.Inarecentstoryabouttheescalatorrule,onestandersays,“Ifthepersonisinsucharush,whynotjusttakethestairs?”,Manycities’escalators,includingLondon’sandBeijing’s,usethe“standright,walkleft”ruletospeedupthemovementofpeople.(InAustraliancitieslikeSydneyyoushouldstandontheleftsideinstead.)Butsomecitiesdiscouragepeoplefrommovingonescalatorsoutofsafetyreasons.InHongKong’ssubwaystationspeopleareaskedto“standstill”onescalators.Evenso,mostpeoplekeepthe“standright,walkleft”rule.,Whatevertheescalatorruleisintheplaceyouliveinorvisit,dowhatmostpeoplearedoingandalwaysbemindfulofothers,leaveenoughspacebetweeneachother,don’tstayattheendoftheescalator,andifsomeoneisblockingyourway,asimple“excuseme”isenough.,51.What’sthebesttitleofthepassage?A.GetitrightB.HelpothersC.TakestairsD.Movefast【分析】考查對文章標(biāo)題的歸納。文章以一位在地鐵中使用自動扶梯的VickyZhao的身份,對于“standright,walkleft”這一規(guī)定發(fā)表了個人的看法,作者認(rèn)為在乘坐自動扶梯時,應(yīng)當(dāng)遵守規(guī)則,由此可知,答案應(yīng)當(dāng)為A。,命題角度2主旨大意(2014泰安中考)WhenIwasachild,myparentsoftentookmetoanoldhouseinathickforest.Nootherchildreneverstayedthere.Ididn’tevenhavethechoiceofplayingwithabrotherorsister.Icouldneverunderstandwhattheattraction(吸引)ofthehousewas,evenformyparents,whoenjoyednothingbetterthantositinsilencewithagoodbook.Thewomaninthehouse,myfather’sdistantcousin,wasaterriblecookandherfoodwasinedible.,Oneday,whenIwaswanderingaroundthegardenbehindthehouse,Inoticedawoodenhousewhichhadclearlybeenabandoned(被遺棄的).AsIwalkedtowardsit,Iheardanoise,likeananimalmovinghurriedlyaway.ThenIsawamanwithalongbeardstandingatthedoor.Iwasgreatlysurprised.“Pleasedon’ttellthemyousawme,”hesaid,“Theyneverusethisplace,andIhavenowhereelsetolive.”“Don’tworry,”Isaid.“Iwon’ttellanyone.Butareyouallrightouthere?Imean—doyouhaveenoughtoeat?”Theoldmanshookhishead.,Thesameevening,Itookasmallplasticbagintothediningroomand,whilenoonewaslooking,emptiedsomeofthefoodintoit.Later,Igotoutofthebackdoorsecretlyandgavethefoodtotheoldman,whosenameIhaddiscoveredwasTaff.IhadneverseenanythingelseaslovelyasthesmileofsatisfactiononTaff’sfacewhenheatethefood.Fromthenon,myvisitstotheoldhousehadapurpose,andIenjoyedeveryminuteofrestofmystay.,60.Thestorymainlytellsus______.A.it’snicetoraisewildanimalsB.it’svaluabletohelpothersC.it’sgoodtoliveintheforestD.it’scomfortabletoliveintheoldhouse【分析】考查主旨大意的歸納。瀏覽全文可知,自從作者在一個舊房子里遇到了一位蓬頭垢面的老人之后,舊房子便成了作者常去的地方,因為作者在那里找到了快樂——幫助那位老人,所以,答案為B。,【破題技巧】1.細(xì)讀主題句,鎖定文章主旨尋找主題句多采用瀏覽法。主題句有可能在一段的開頭、中間、末尾。在很多情況下,主題句如果在段首,其后可能有forexample,first,second等信息。如果在段末,其前可能有aboveall,allinall等信息詞。,2.歸納各段大意,概括中心思想有時文章或段落的主題句隱含在全文或全段中,沒有明確的主題句,必須根據(jù)文章中的事實細(xì)節(jié),進(jìn)行全面考慮,綜合分析,然后找出共同的東西,歸納成一般概念。3.巧妙排除干擾項(1)概括不夠(多表現(xiàn)為部分代替整體,從而導(dǎo)致范圍太小);(2)過度概括(多表現(xiàn)為人為擴(kuò)大范圍);(3)以事實或細(xì)節(jié)代替大意。,如何寫提建議的話題作文談?wù)搯栴}提出建議的話題作文是歷年中考考查頻率非常高的話題作文之一,其中以學(xué)校和家庭生活為背景的最常見,在寫作此類話題時要特別注意先明確問題,再提出合理的建議,最后寄予希望。高分句型:1.First,...Second,...第一,……第二,……2.Ithinkyoushould/could...我想你應(yīng)該……3.Ihope...我希望……,【典題示例】(2013德州中考)下面是大明寫給他的朋友Tom的信,信中描述了他的煩惱。請你以他的朋友Tom的身份,給他寫一封80個詞左右的回信,在信中指出他的問題并給他提出建議。信的開頭已給出,不計入總詞數(shù)。,DearTom,Myclassmate,Lucy,boughtanewpen.Ilikeditverymuch,soIuseditwithoutherpermission.Unluckily,Ibrokeit.ThenIputitbacksecretly.Nowshefindsoutthetruthandisveryangrywithme.Idon’tknowwhattodo.Canyouhelpme?Yours,Daming,DearDaming,Iknowyourproblem.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________,【思路點撥】審題——抓準(zhǔn)信息,快速判斷1.體裁:應(yīng)用文2.人稱:第一人稱3.時態(tài):一般現(xiàn)在時4.謀篇:,成篇——銜接過渡,連句成篇根據(jù)寫作要求可知文章結(jié)構(gòu)是總分關(guān)系,因此要先引出要談?wù)摰膯栴},然后再根據(jù)問題提出建議進(jìn)行寫作,并注意情態(tài)動詞should,can,could的運用?！拘≡嚺５丁縚___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________,【佳作鑒賞】DearDaming,Iknowyourproblem.You’vemadetwomistakes.First,youusedyourclassmate’spenwithoutherpermission.Second,whenyoubrokethepen,youdidn’ttellherthetruth.Yes,youmusttellherimmediately.Ifyoutellherthetruth,perhapsshe’llbeangrywithyou,butatleastyou’llproveyouarehonest.,ThenIthinkyoushouldoffertopay.Youcanuseyourpocketmoneytobuyanewpenforher.Shewillrealizethatyou’retrulysorry.Ihopetheadvicecanhelpyou.I’msureyouwillmakeupwithhersoon.Yours,Tom,親愛的大明:我知道你的問題。你犯了兩個錯誤。首先,你未經(jīng)允許使用你同學(xué)的鋼筆。第二,當(dāng)你弄壞鋼筆的時候,你沒有告訴她真相。是的,你必須立刻告訴她。如果你告訴她真相,也許她會生你的氣,但是至少你會證明你是誠實的。我認(rèn)為你應(yīng)該主動賠付。你可以用你的零花錢為她買一支新的鋼筆。她會意識到你確實很抱歉。我希望這些建議能幫助你。我確信你不久就會和她重歸于好。你的,湯姆,