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Unit 5 Nelson Mandel-a modern hero 一、閱讀理解。 Friendship is one of the basic bonds between human beings. While the characteristics of friendship might vary from one country to another, people from all cultures not only enjoy friends but need them. Many studies have shown that teenagers who have no friends often suffer from psychological disorders. It has been shown that teenagers, perhaps more than any other age group, need panionship and a sense of belonging. The negative consequences of loneliness have also been observed among the elderly. The death of a spouse often leaves a widow or a widower totally bereft. If, however, they are surrounded by friends and relatives and if they are able to express their feelings, they are more likely to recover from their grief. “No man is an island.” In other words, we are all parts of society. We all need the love, admiration, respect and moral support of other people. If we are fortunate, our friends will provide us with all of these necessary aspects of life. As most people observe, there are many levels of friendship. The degree or intensity of friendship varies depending on the personality of the individuals involved and the context of the relationships. Outgoing persons enjoy being surrounded by many people whereas shy persons are perhaps content with fewer but more intense friendships. Everyone is not equally open with all their friends. The degree of closeness is determined by many factors. Close friends can be formed at any stage in one’s life but they are usually very rare. Not very many people have more than a few really close friends. Regardless of the level of closeness, all friendships are based on reciprocity (互惠), honesty and a certain amount of love and affection. 1.Who are more likely to suffer from psychological disorders without friends? A. Teenagers. B. Adults. C. The elderly. D.A couple. 2.What does the sentence “No man is an island” really mean? A. No man is willing to live on an island. B. Man usually doesn’t go to an island C. Everyone is related with our society. D. Our society is just like an island. 3.What can we learn about outgoing people? A. They like being alone. B. They are fond of making friends. C. They have intense friendships. D. They have fewer close friends indeed 4.What does the last paragraph mainly talk about? A. The formation of close friends. B. The number of real friends. C. Honesty, love and affection. D. Factors to determine the degree of closeness. 【文章大意】本文是一篇議論文。主要討論講述的是友誼的重要性。不論是青少年還是老年人，都需要朋友的陪伴。沒有人是孤立的，每個人都是社會的一部分，都需要他人的愛、陪伴和關(guān)心。人人需要友誼，需要歸屬感。 1.A 【解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段首句“Many studies have shown that teenagers who have no friends often suffer from psychological disorders.”可知，沒有朋友的青少年更可能遭受精神疾病。故選A。 3.B 【解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段尾句“Outgoing persons enjoy being surrounded by many people whereas shy persons are perhaps content with fewer but more intense friendships.”可在，外向的人喜歡交朋友。故選B。 4.D 【解析】段落大意題。通讀最后一段可知，本段講述親密程度是由許多因素決定的，不管親密程度如何，友誼都是建立在互惠，真誠，愛和情感的基礎(chǔ)上的。 二、單句語法填空 1．You can’t imagine the trouble I had (persuade) him to change his mind. 答案：persuading 2．These ancient buildings (witness) the rapid growth of the city as well as the growth of this country. 答案：have witnessed 3．Although he made a serious mistake in his work, he was lucky to escape (fire) by his boss. 答案：being fired 4．This job could be done (equal) well by a puter. 答案：equally 5．Everything begins hard. Don’t hesitate to turn me if you are in difficulty. 答案：to 6．Everyone who reached the top of Mount Tai (reward) with a magnificent view. 答案：was rewarded 7．Her (devote) to the job left her with very little free time. 答案：devotion 8．There is no reason to be disappointed. As matter of fact, this could be rather amusing. 答案：a 9．Maggie thought it was (fair) that women were not allowed to receive education. 答案：unfair 10．The last time I went to Scotland was in May, the weather was beautiful. 答案：when 三、完形填空 閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出可能填入空白處的最佳選項。 When my kids were small，I started a tradition in our house of giving eight gifts over the course of the eight days of Hanukkah(光明節(jié))．I liked the idea of __1__ a candle every night and giving my children a gift to unwrap to __2__.It was easy to go into a toy store and pick up something __3__ less than$10 each，or even$1 each(at the dollar store)．My children didnt ask for anything much in particular and they __4__ whatever they got. As the years progressed，I __5__ the tradition of eight gifts for each night of Hanukkah. But this year，Hanukkah __6__ something else.My specialneeds son decided that he wanted to __7__ a puter，and it was up to me to buy all the parts of it.When I wouldnt __8__ that，he decided he wanted a P1ayStation.Then Amazon gift cards.Then money.And when it became clear that it wasnt going to happen，he got __9__. I keep __10__ him that Hanukkah isnt about greed or materialism.Its about the miracle of an oil lamp that __11__ for eight days.Its about being __12__ of our heritage.Its about freedom. But he __13__.I know deep down that his obsessions(迷戀的物)are out of his __14__ ，and definitely out of mine.Having a specialneeds child is as __15__ as it gets.Some days are better than others and not all holidays __16__ the way I hope.But despite his unrealistic requests，hes a(n) __17__ child who is showing me the true meaning of life. And as we enter a new year and light the __18__ approaching the time，I wele his differences __19__ I learn how to turn negative requests into __20__ ones. 1．A.buying　　　B．donating C．lighting D．drawing 2．A.celebrate B．present C．send D．play 3．A.at B．for C．in D．from 4．A.ate B．threw C．liked D．drank 5．A.held up B．gave in C．handed in D．kept up 6．A.made B．became C．found D．designed 7．A.build B．buy C．use D．watch 8．A.rely on B．learn from C．a(chǎn)gree to D．dream about 9．A.calm B．happy C．selfish D．upset 10．A.telling B．warning C．promising D．a(chǎn)ccusing 11．A.lays B．hangs C．waits D．burns 12．A.tired B．proud C．a(chǎn)fraid D．lack 13．A.nodded B．slept C．insisted D．failed 14．A.mind B．sight C．control D．place 15．A.wonderful B．dangerous C．interesting D．challenging 16．A.run out B．break down C．work out D．put down 17．A.strange B．a(chǎn)mazing C．bad D．energetic 18．A.candles B．lamps C．torches D．lanterns 19．A.when B．a(chǎn)s C．unless D．until 20．A.relative B．possible C．reasonable D．positive 【解題導(dǎo)語】本文主要講述了作者一家過光明節(jié)的傳統(tǒng)、變化及作者的應(yīng)對策略和反思。 【核心詞匯】greed n．貪婪　materialism n．物質(zhì)主義　miracle n．奇跡 1．C　根據(jù)下文的“And as we enter a new year and light the __18__approaching the time”可知，此處指點蠟燭。 2．A　根據(jù)上文的“Hanukkah(光明節(jié))”可推知，節(jié)日是用來慶祝的。 3．B　根據(jù)語境“l(fā)ess than$10 each，or even$1 each(at the dollar store)”可推知，此處表示東西的價格，故用介詞for。 4．C　結(jié)合語境“My children didnt ask for anything much in particular”可推知，孩子們并不挑剔，很喜歡拿到的禮物。 5．D　結(jié)合下文的轉(zhuǎn)折“But this year, Hanukkah __6__ something else”和“My specialneeds son”可推知，作者保持那個傳統(tǒng)很多年。 6．B　根據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)折“But this year，Hanukkah __6__ something else”和“My specialneeds son”可推知，今年有些不同，有了新變化。 7．A　根據(jù)語境“and it was up to me to buy all the parts of it”可推知，兒子要組建一臺電腦，要作者去買零配件。 8．C　根據(jù)下文的“And when it became clear that it wasnt going to happen, he got __9__ ”可推知，作者沒同意兒子的要求，兒子就有了其他更多的要求。agree to“同意”。 9．D　很明顯，作者沒同意兒子的要求，兒子感到難過。upset“難過”。 10．A　很明顯，作者在不斷地給兒子講道理，說明節(jié)日的意義。 11．D　根據(jù)下文的“And as we enter a new year and light the __18__ approaching the time”可推知，D項burn“燃燒，發(fā)亮”符合語境。 12．B　固定搭配be proud of意為“以……為傲，為……而自豪”，符合語境。 13．C　根據(jù)下文的“I know deep down that his obsessions(迷戀的物)are out of his __14__ ，and definitely out of mine”可推知，兒子不為所動，堅持自己的要求。 14．C　根據(jù)“obsessions(迷戀的物)”可推知，兒子陷入迷戀的事物之中，已經(jīng)失控。out of control“失控”。 15．D　很明顯，作者應(yīng)對有特殊需求的兒子有些棘手。challenging “挑戰(zhàn)性的”。 16．C　根據(jù)“the way I hope”可知，有些事情并不像作者希望的那樣發(fā)展。work out“成功地發(fā)展”。 17．B　根據(jù)語境“who is showing me the true meaning of life”可推知，此處的語氣表示肯定、贊賞，故選B。 amazing“了不起的”。 18．A　根據(jù)上文的“I liked the idea of __1__ a candle every night”可知，節(jié)日期間作者一家點蠟燭慶祝。 19．B　根據(jù)語境可知，此處表示邏輯上的因果關(guān)系，故選B。as“因為”。 20．D　與語境中的“negative”形成對比可知，此處表示把負面要求變成積極要求。positive“積極的”。 四、單句改錯 1．Having got involved in a theft, he was sentenced for five years in prison. 答案：for→to 2．The first time when I met him, he was working as a secretary in a big pany. 答案：去掉when 3．The boy lost his heart when he knew he failed the exam again. 答案：去掉his 4．It’s important to learn to take a positive attitude to life when you are in the trouble. 答案：去掉the 5．Only after they had discussed the matter for several hours they reach a decision. 答案：hours后加did 五、單元語法——定語從句(Ⅱ) 1．(2018福建四地六校聯(lián)考)—What about the tea at the party yesterday, Bob? —Oh, it was the best one I had ever had. 答案：that 2．(2018遼寧東北育才一模)So long as you stick to it, the moment will definitely e you can have your dream e true. 答案：when 3．(2018寧夏銀川一中月考)During the last twenty years in the United Sates, many big corporations have transferred their businesses from big cities to the suburbs, rents are lower. 答案：where 4．(2018福建福州八中質(zhì)檢)The terrible accident happened on a day Father left for America, a day we’ll never forget. 答案：when; that/which 5．(2018山東臨沂一模)I will never forget such a beautiful village I spent my childhood with my grandparents. 答案：where