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Unit 6 Design 一、閱讀理解。 The Amazon basin region is home to about 2.5 million insect species，tens of thousands of plants，and some 2 000 birds and mammals.To date，at least 40 000 plant species,3 000 fish,1 294 birds,427 mammals,428 amphibians，and 378 reptiles have been scientifically classified in the region.One in five of all the birds in the world live in the rainforests of the Amazon. The warm wet forests have been in existence for 55 million years，and thrived even during glacial periods，allowing for the evolution of an unbelievable diversity of species.Radiocarbon dating(放射性碳年代測定)has revealed trees of 10 centimeter diameter to be more than 300 years old，and some trees over 1 000 years old，indicating that untouched forests can experience unbelievable longevity. The first human inhabitants are thought to have settled in the Amazon region about 11 200 years ago.European explorers arrived in the 16th century，bringing diseases which traveled faster than the explorers themselves，killing perhaps as many as 90% of the indigenous inhabitants(土著居民)．By the late 17th century the Amazon basin was controlled by Portuguese and Spanish explorers. The Amazon rainforest has been described as the lungs of our planet because of its important role in recycling carbon dioxide into oxygen.But due to deforestation(采伐森林)，rainforests now cover less than 5% of the Earths land surface，and experts believe that this is a big contributor to global climate change.Severe deforestation began in the 20th century，with 587 000 square kilometers lost up to the year 2000.Most deforested land is used for grassland to raise farm animals and agriculture.The addition of transport routes has led to increased settlement and deforestation，and at the present rate，scientists estimate that the Amazon rainforest will be reduced by 40% in two decades. 1．Why are the figures mentioned in Paragraph 1? A．To prove the forest untouched. B．To classify species scientifically. C．To show the diversity of species. D．To attract more attention to Amazon. 2．Why did most indigenous inhabitants in the Amazon region die? A．European explorers brought diseases there. B．Portuguese explorers treated them badly. C．A lot of trees were cut down and burned. D．They got killed by Spanish explorers. 3．What can be inferred about the Amazon rainforest? A．It has the largest number of species. B．It covers over 5% of South America. C．It is being larger in area. D．It is being endangered now. 4．What may be included in the following paragraph? A．Examples of destroying forests. B．Measures to protect rainforests. C．New settlements in Amazon. D．Ways to stop global warming. 【解題導語】本文是一篇說明文，主要介紹了亞馬遜熱帶雨林正面臨消失的危險。 1．C　目的意圖題。通讀全文可知，第一段提到昆蟲、植物和動物等物種的數(shù)量，是為了表明亞馬遜熱帶雨林物種的多樣性。故答案選C。 2．A　細節(jié)理解題。European explorers arrived in the 16th century, bringing diseases which traveled faster than the explorers themselves，killing perhaps as many as 90% of the indigenous inhabitants(土著居民)．(第三段第二句) 譯文：十六世紀，歐洲探險家來到這里，帶來了疾病，這些疾病的傳播速度比探險家前行的腳步還要快，大約使多達90%的土著居民死亡。 根據(jù)關鍵句可知，歐洲探險家把疾病帶到亞馬遜地區(qū)，導致大多數(shù)土著居民死亡。故答案選A。 3．D　推理判斷題。The addition of transport routes has led to increased settlement and deforestation，and at the present rate，scientists estimate that the Amazon rain forest will be reduced by 40% in two decades.(最后一段最后一句) 譯文：運輸路線的增加導致了定居點和濫伐森林的增加，根據(jù)目前的速度，科學家估計亞馬遜熱帶雨林在二十年內(nèi)將減少40%。 根據(jù)關鍵句可推知，亞馬遜熱帶雨林正面臨消失的危險。故答案選D。 4．B　推理判斷題。最后一段主要介紹了由于濫伐森林，亞馬遜熱帶雨林覆蓋率在下降，正面臨消失的危險；由此可推知，文章接下來應是針對這種情況介紹如何保護亞馬遜熱帶雨林。故答案選B。 亮點句積累：The addition of transport routes has led to increased settlement and deforestation，and at the present rate，scientists estimate that the Amazon rain forest will be reduced by 40% in two decades.(最后一段最后一句) 譯文：運輸路線的增加導致了定居點和濫伐森林的增加，根據(jù)目前的速度，科學家估計亞馬遜熱帶雨林在二十年內(nèi)將減少40%。 二、閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當?shù)膬?nèi)容(1個單詞)或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。 (2017南昌二模)I want to talk about Miss Smith, a history teacher I had at secondary school 61.____________ I was about 15.Most of the teachers I had were OK, 62.____________ they gave the feeling that it was just a job.It seemed that Miss Smith really 63.____________ (love) both history and teaching it. One of the 64.____________ (good) things about her lessons was that we didn’t always have to study in an ordinary way.For example, rather than write an article for homework, usually we were allowed 65.____________ (work) with a friend to write an imaginary dialogue between two historical 66.____________ (figure)．Then we could perform it for the class. I think Miss Smith influenced me in two important ways.Firstly, she made me 67.____________ (interest) in history.Now I still read books on history and watch TV programs about it when I get the chance.68.____________ (second), she showed me how a teacher can use the students’ own creativity to help them learn.Instead 69.____________ just being a kind of audience for lessons, we were involved in 70.____________ (decide) what happened in the lessons. 【解題導語】　本文是一篇記敘文，主要介紹了作者的初中歷史老師。該老師與眾不同，總是讓課堂充滿樂趣，并布置學生喜歡的作業(yè)，從而贏得了學生的愛戴。 61．when　解析：考查連詞。根據(jù)語境可知，Smith老師是作者15歲上中學時的一個歷史老師；分析句子結(jié)構可知，空格處在句中引導時間狀語從句。故填when。 62．but　解析：考查連詞。根據(jù)空格前的“were OK”及下文中的“it was just a job”可知，作者的大部分老師都很好，但是他們給人的感覺是教書只是一份工作，空格前后表示轉(zhuǎn)折。故填but。 63．loved　解析：考查動詞的時態(tài)。文章總體時態(tài)為一般過去時。故填loved。 64．best　解析：考查形容詞的最高級?！癘ne of＋the＋形容詞最高級＋名詞復數(shù)”意為“……中最……的一個”。根據(jù)語境可知，此處指她上課最大的一個優(yōu)點是不總是用常規(guī)的方式教學。故填best。 65．to work　解析：考查非謂語動詞。allow sb.to do sth.意為“允許某人做某事”，為固定搭配。故填to work. 66．figures　解析：考查名詞復數(shù)。根據(jù)空格前的“two”可知，此處應用可數(shù)名詞figure的復數(shù)形式。故填figures。 67．interested　解析：考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換?！癿ake sb.＋形容詞”意為“使某人……”，此處指使作者對歷史感興趣。故填interested。 68．Secondly　解析：考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。根據(jù)上文中的“Firstly”可知，此處應填Secondly。注意首字母大寫。 69．of　解析：考查介詞。instead of意為“代替，而不是”。故填of。 70．deciding　解析：考查非謂語動詞。介詞in后接動名詞形式。故填deciding。 三、短文改錯。 假定英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請你修改你同桌寫的以下作文。文中共有10處語言錯誤，每句中最多有兩處。每處錯誤僅涉及一個單詞的增加、刪除或修改。 增加：在缺詞處加一個漏字符號(∧)，并在其下面寫出該加的詞。 刪除：把多余的詞用斜線(\)劃掉。 修改：在錯的詞下畫一橫線，并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。 注意：1.每處錯誤及其修改均僅限一詞； 　　 2.只允許修改10處，多者(從第11處起)不計分。 (2017河北衡水高三期末)As a senior three student, it won’t take long after I graduate.Now, I have much to share with my fellow student. Firstly, I’d like to show my appreciation to those stood by me all the way, teachers, parents and friends included.With their help and advice, my life would be different.Secondly, it’s high time for I to say sorry to the classmates whom I hurt or misunderstood.I firm believe that munication and smiles act bridges to friendship.Thirdly, I’ve made up my mind to make every effort to study, so hard work is the key to a success.Finally I want to express my hope which all the young fellows can make full use of time, because time and tide wait for no man. 答案： As a senior three student, it won’t take long I graduate.Now, I have much to share with my fellow . Firstly, I’d like to show my appreciation to those by me all the way, teachers, parents and friends included. their help and advice, my life would be different.Secondly, it’s high time for to say sorry to the classmates whom I hurt or misunderstood.I believe that munication and smiles act bridges to friendship.Thirdly, I’ve made up my mind to make every effort to study, hard work is the key to success.Finally I want to express my hope all the young fellows can make full use of time, because time and tide wait for no man. 四、七選五。 As you know, it is a quite different experience being around positive people versus negative ones.If you are determined to be more positive yourself，here are some ways you can do： Failure is part of learning. 1.___________. They understand that failure is an event，and doesn’t define who they are. Negative people are emotionally disabled by failure because they allow it to define who they are. 2.___________. 3.___________. Because they are team players，positive people will get behind and support ideas that are not theirs—even if they might disagree with them.Negative people have a hard time fully supporting ideas that they feel won’t be successful.When an idea that wasn’t theirs doesn’t succeed, they are sure to give their teammates the“Itoldyouso”expression. You’re so good! 4.___________ . They pay close attention to others when others do well，and they are quick to tell them. Negative people say，“Why would I praise people for things they are supposed to do？” Most importantly，it’s not about the praise. 5.___________ . The simple praise can strengthen relationships and motivate the person to do even better.Positive people don’t underestimate(低估) the power of encouraging words. A．Positive people are all talkative B．Teamwork makes the dream work C．Positive people like to spread positivity D．Negative people know about failure very much E．It’s about showing the other people that you notice them F．Positive people view failure as an opportunity to learn and get better G．They fail to understand that it’s part of the learning and growing process 【解題導語】　本文主要介紹了成為一個積極樂觀的人的方法。 1．F　解析：根據(jù)上文中的“Failure is part of learning”可推知，積極樂觀的人能夠從失敗中學習，從而成長，所以選F項。 2．G　解析：空處與上文中的“They understand that failure is an event, and doesn’t define who they are.”形成對比，由此可推知，消極的人不能真正理解失敗的含義，從而不能從中得到學習，有所進步，所以選G項。 3．B　解析：根據(jù)下文中的“Because ... with them.”可推知，團隊協(xié)作很重要，積極的人會互相支持以實現(xiàn)夢想，所以選B項。 4．C　解析：根據(jù)空前一句“You’re so good！”可推知，積極樂觀的人說積極的話語，傳遞正能量，所以選C項。 5．E　解析：根據(jù)上文的“Most importantly，it’s not about the praise.”及下文的“The simple praise can strengthen relationships and motivate the person to do even better.”可推知，積極樂觀的人贊揚別人表明他們在乎對方，從而可以改善人際關系，激勵他人做得更好，所以選E項。 五、書面表達 假定你是高三學生李華，從網(wǎng)上獲悉一家國際青少年志愿者組織正在全球招募暑期志愿者。請寫一封電子郵件申請加入。主要內(nèi)容如下： 1．寫信目的； 2．自我介紹； 3．希望獲準。 注意：1.詞數(shù)100左右； 2．文章的開頭和結(jié)尾已給出，不計入總詞數(shù)； 3．可適當增加細節(jié)，以使行文連貫。 Dear Sir or Madam， ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ With all my best regards. Yours sincerely， Li Hua One possible version： Dear_Sir_or_Madam， I’m writing this letter to apply for the job as a volunteer that you have advertised on the Internet.In my opinion, not only can volunteer work help me enrich my knowledge and experience, but also it can help those who are in need live better and bee more confident. I will graduate from senior high school in June.In the past, I took part in many social activities in which I performed well and gained rich experience.My interest and skill in English, munication and teamwork contribute to my application for the job. I would appreciate an interview at your convenience.I’m looking forward to hearing from you in the future. With_all_my_best_regards. Yours_sincerely， Li_Hua