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Cultural relics 一、閱讀理解 閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)(A、B、C和D)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。 (2018沈陽(yáng)市下學(xué)期高三第三次模擬考試試題) Wild elephants can tell whether a voice es from a man，a woman or a boy，a new study says.Thats what researchers found when they played recordings of people for elephants in Kenya.Scientists say this is an advanced thinking skill that other animals havent shown.It lets elephants figure out who is a threat and who isnt.The result shows that the clever animals are also studying people，said study author Karen Mcb. “Basically，they have developed this very rich knowledge of the humans that they share their habitat with，” said Mcb，a professor at the University of Sussex in England.“Memory is key.They must build up that knowledge somehow.” The study was released on Monday in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. Its close to but not quite like the Dr.Seuss book，where the elephant Horton hears something that others cant hear. Mcb and colleagues went to Amboseli National Park in Kenya，where hundreds of wild elephants live among humans，sometimes ing in conflict over scarce water.The scientists used voice recordings of Maasai men，who on occasion kill elephants，and Kamba men，who are less of a threat to the elephants. As a result，the elephants reacted more defensively—retreating and gathering in a bunch—to the Maasai language recording because it was associated with the more threatening human tribe，said study coauthor Graeme Shannon. They repeated the experiment with recordings of Maasai men and women.Since women almost never spear elephants，the animals reacted less defensively to the womens voices.The same thing happened when they substituted young boys voices.“Making this kind of fine distinctions in human voice patterns is quite remarkable，” said Emory University animal cognition expert Frans de Waal，who was not part of the study. 1．Who were the people taking part in the study? A．Frans de Waal and Karen Mcb. B．Dr.Seuss and Graeme Shannon. C．Graeme Shannon and Frans de Waal. D．Karen Mcb and Graeme Shannon. 2．What can wild elephants benefit from their special ability? A．Identifying and avoiding possible danger. B．Growing much faster than any other animals. C．Having a better understanding of humans. D．Developing their language skills. 3．Which can replace the underlined word“substituted”in the last paragraph? A．distinguished B．repeated C．used D．pared 4．What does the passage mainly talk about? A．Wild elephants can distinguish human languages. B．The conflict between humans and wild elephants is growing. C．Wild elephants use language skills to make discrimination. D．Wild elephants can build up good memory and learn tricks. 【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】研究表明野生大象能夠識(shí)別男、女和男孩的聲音，它們通過(guò)思維區(qū)分聲音并判斷誰(shuí)能對(duì)他們產(chǎn)生威脅。 【難句分析】Mcb and colleagues went to Amboseli National Park in Kenya，where hundreds of wild elephants live among humans，sometimes ing in conflict over scarce water. 分析：這是一個(gè)復(fù)合句。where引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)；sometimes ing in conflict over scarce water作伴隨狀語(yǔ)。 譯文：Mcb和同事去了位于肯尼亞的安博塞利國(guó)家公園，在那里有成百上千頭野象與人類一起生活，他們有時(shí)因?yàn)樗Y源匱乏而發(fā)生沖突。 1．D　考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)文章第一段中的“study author Karen Mcb”和第六段中的“study coauthor Graeme Shannon”可知，Karen Mcb和Groeme Shannon都參加了研究，故選D項(xiàng)。 2．A　考查推理判斷。根據(jù)文章第一段中的“Scientists say this is an advanced thinking skill that other animals havent shown.It lets elephants figure out who is a threat and who isnt”可知，這種高等的思維方式使野象能夠分辨出誰(shuí)能對(duì)他們?cè)斐赏{，這樣它們可以避免可能的危險(xiǎn)，故A項(xiàng)是正確的。 3．C　考查詞義猜測(cè)。畫線詞所在句中的“The same thing happened”指的是前一句中的“the animals reacted less defensively to the womens voices”，畫線詞所在句講的是野象對(duì)年輕男孩的聲音做出的反應(yīng)，說(shuō)明當(dāng)時(shí)研究者在對(duì)野象播放年輕男孩的聲音，選C項(xiàng)。 4．A　考查主旨大意。根據(jù)文章第一句“Wild elephants can tell whether a voice es from a man，a woman or a boy”和全文內(nèi)容可知，野象能夠通過(guò)人的聲音區(qū)分不同人類群體的性別和年齡，故選A項(xiàng)(野象能夠區(qū)分人類的語(yǔ)言)。 二、單句語(yǔ)法填空 1．(2017北京高考)The little problems ________ we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions. 答案：that　分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空格處引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞是the little problems，且從句中缺少賓語(yǔ)，故用that。 2．(2017天津高考)My eldest son, ________ work takes him all over the world, is in New York at the moment. 答案：whose　分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處缺少非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞，且與其后名詞存在所屬關(guān)系，故應(yīng)用whose。 3．Mr Reed ________ (select) to represent us in the meeting has been sent to have a talk with them. 答案：selected　由句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處應(yīng)用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作后置定語(yǔ)。select與其所修飾的Mr Reed之間為邏輯上的被動(dòng)關(guān)系，因此填selected。 4．It was clearly ________(evidence) that the pany was in great difficulties. 答案：evident　It is/was evident that ... 是常用句型，意為“很明顯……”。 5．Perhaps the most difficult challenge is how ________(survive) without friends in life. 答案：to survive　“疑問(wèn)詞＋動(dòng)詞不定式”在本句中作表語(yǔ)，how to survive “怎么生存”。 6．I dont really fancy ________ (do) business with him. 答案：doing　fancy doing ... “想要做……”。 7．He was severely criticized and ________ (remove) from his post. 答案：removed　remove sb. from his post “開(kāi)除某人”，此處是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，因此填removed。 8．It is said that the early European playing cards ________ (design) for entertainment and education. 答案：were designed　be designed for “為……而設(shè)計(jì)”。 9．We ________(face) the difficulty together, but why didnt you tell me? 答案：could have faced　由后一分句可知，前一分句謂語(yǔ)應(yīng)用could have done結(jié)構(gòu)，表示“過(guò)去我們本來(lái)可以共同面對(duì)困難”。 10．All the workers ________(belong) to the factory must obey the rule. 答案：belonging　由句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處應(yīng)填belong的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式，workers與belong to之間為邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。故用現(xiàn)在分詞belonging to作后置定語(yǔ)。belong to無(wú)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。 三、完形填空 閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。 (2018長(zhǎng)沙市模擬) Every morning，on my way to work，I see homeless people sleeping on sidewalks.Clearly，theyre in need of __1__.I feel it a(n) __2__ to see this，and most people walk by, __3__ the homeless dont exist，and dont offer any help at all，not even a __4__.Recently，its been extremely cold，making things especially __5__ for the homeless. Usually I arrive at work around 8 am，when the homeless are still asleep.Im not sure whether its a good __6__ to leave something for them while theyre __7__ ，as it may get stolen or they may not even __8__ it. Today，I __9__ someone，who seemed to be homeless，sitting on the sidewalk，awake.I had some time __10__ I was due to start work，so I dashed across the street to ask if I could get anything for him to drink or eat.He wanted a cola，so I went and got this for him __11__ a banana. I gave him the drink and banana，then went back to my office across the street，and went upstairs to get the bag I recently __12__ with everyday items.Id been planning to give it to someone in need，so this was a great __13__.I hurried back to give the bag to the stranger，who was __14__. Society may feel unfortable with homeless people.__15__ ，we must remember theyre just like us.Theyre just down on their __16__ for different reasons.If we __17__ to those in need，our hearts will grow and we can __18__ make our world better. Singer Phil Collins sang a song titled Another Day in Paradise，which __19__ us to be grateful for the many blessings we have and not to __20__ those who are less fortunate. 1．A.balance　　　　B．significance C．performance D．a(chǎn)ssistance 2．A.duty B．regret C．a(chǎn)dvance D．equality 3．A.imagining B．expecting C．pretending D．a(chǎn)nnouncing 4．A.word B．hug C．pity D．gift 5．A.absurd B．boring C．plex D．touch 6．A.idea B．excuse C．lesson D．reason 7．A.relaxed B．a(chǎn)bsentminded C．unaware D．dizzy 8．A.know B．want C．share D．a(chǎn)fford 9．A.spotted B．a(chǎn)pproached C．recognized D．interviewed 10．A.when B．since C．before D．unless 11．A.instead of B．except for C．regardless of D．a(chǎn)long with 12．A.replaced B．packed C．decorated D．bined 13．A.trial B．honor C．opportunity D．reward 14．A.grateful B．careful C．hopeful D．skillful 15．A.Besides B．Therefore C．Meanwhile D．However 16．A.effort B．luck C．a(chǎn)ppearance D．reputation 17．A.look out B．break out C．reach out D．turn out 18．A.truly B．properly C．deliberately D．a(chǎn)pproximately 19．A.intends B．reminds C．promises D．persuades 20．A.trick B．blame C．doubt D．forget 【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文主要講述了作者幫助無(wú)家可歸的人的故事。 【核心詞匯】extremely adv.極其，極端　dash v．急奔，急馳，猛沖　paradise n．天堂　blessing n．上帝的恩寵，祝福 1．D　根據(jù)下文的“dont offer any help at all”可知，這些無(wú)家可歸的人需要幫助。assistance意為“幫助”。故選D。 2．B　根據(jù)下文作者幫助無(wú)家可歸的人可推知，作者同情這些無(wú)家可歸的人，看到他們睡在大街上感到很是遺憾。故選B。 3．C　根據(jù)“and dont offer any help at all”并結(jié)合上文的“I feel it a(n) __2__ to see this”可推知，大部分的路人對(duì)無(wú)家可歸的人漠不關(guān)心，視而不見(jiàn)，即假裝(pretending)沒(méi)看到。 4．A　根據(jù)“even”可推知，大部分人不僅不提供幫助，甚至連一句問(wèn)候都沒(méi)有。 5．D　根據(jù)空前的“its been extremely cold”并結(jié)合語(yǔ)境可推知，天氣特別寒冷，無(wú)家可歸的人的日子更加艱難(tough)。 6．A　結(jié)合語(yǔ)境可知，作者不確定自己的那種做法是否是好主意(idea)。 7．C　承接上文的“Usually I arrive at work around 8 am，when the homeless are still asleep”可推知，無(wú)家可歸的人在作者早上開(kāi)始上班時(shí)還都在睡覺(jué)，是不會(huì)覺(jué)察到的(unaware)。 8．B　根據(jù)“even”的提示并結(jié)合上文作者的猶豫可推知，作者不確定自己對(duì)他們的幫助是否正是無(wú)家可歸的人所需要的。 9．A　根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可推知，作者在人行道上發(fā)現(xiàn)了一個(gè)醒著的無(wú)家可歸的人。spot表示“發(fā)現(xiàn)”，符合語(yǔ)境。 10．C　根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，作者離上班還有些時(shí)間，所以選C。 11．D　根據(jù)語(yǔ)境以及下文的“I gave him the drink and banana”可推知，作者順便還給這個(gè)人帶了香蕉。along with表示“除……以外(還)”。 12．B　根據(jù)空后的“with everyday items”可知，作者包里裝著每天的必需品。pack with sth.表示“裝著某物”。 13．C　根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，作者認(rèn)為這是一個(gè)極好的幫助無(wú)家可歸的人的機(jī)會(huì)。 14．A　根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可推知，把自己的東西饋贈(zèng)給他人，別人是感恩的(grateful)。 15．D　根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，前后句表示邏輯上的轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，故選D。 16．B　根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可推知，那些無(wú)家可歸的人只是由于某種原因一時(shí)窮困潦倒而已，down on ones luck表示“窮困潦倒”。 17．C　根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，如果我們?cè)敢鈳椭麄?，世界?huì)變得更美好。reach out to sb.表示“愿意為某人提供幫助”。 18．A　根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，幫助他人的確會(huì)讓我們的世界變得更美好。truly“的確，真實(shí)地”；properly“恰當(dāng)?shù)亍?；deliberately“故意地”；approximately“大約”。 19．B　Phil Collins的歌提醒我們要感恩。remind sb.to do sth.意為“提醒某人做某事”符合語(yǔ)境。 20．D　根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可推知，人們不要忘記那些不幸的人。 四、單句改錯(cuò) 1．The boys behavior was high thought of by all the people present. ________________________________________________________ 答案：high→highly　think highly of ... “高度評(píng)價(jià)……”。 2．What can we do for them in return all the help they have given us? ________________________________________________________ 答案：return后加for　in return for ... “作為對(duì)……的回報(bào)”。 3．It is very worth making an effort to promote the public awareness of environmental protection. ________________________________________________________ 答案：very→well　be well worth doing ... “非常值得做……”。 4．The rescue workers removed the stones in search for any survivor. ________________________________________________________ 答案：for→of　in search of ... “尋找……”。 5．There is no doubt what a cleaner does is harder pared with any other job in the society. ________________________________________________________ 答案：doubt后加that　There is no doubt that ... “毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)……”。 五、七選五 Choosing the Right Path to Be a “Better” Person Life is a constant exercise in selfimprovement.In the rush to achieve，the idea of being “better” can bee lost sometimes.You may always wonder how to improve yourself and fulfill your dreams in an easier way.__1__ Explore your talents. Everybody has some outstanding skills or interests.So its often necessary to be patient and try many things before you find one that suits you. __2__ For example，people loving adventure may not be interested in the quiet chess club，but someone who enjoys other quiet activities might be.Determining who you enjoy being around may help you know what youll enjoy. __3__ No matter how much money you make，you will not be happy if you spend your entire life doing something you hate.Its important to at least devote some of your time to what makes you happy. If youre particularly unhappy at your job，consider why.__4__ If you feel your job isnt meaningful，or isnt in line with your values，consider finding another job. Experience something new. Research has shown that when were in our fort zone，we arent as productive as we are when we step just beyond it.__5__ Because of that，we may react slowly to our own positive experiences.Its important to have new experiences and interactions with others，even when those are a little scary.Doing so can help you achieve more. A．Do what you love. B．Here are some tips for you. C．Register in a class youre interested in. D．Human adapt very quickly to positive events. E．Its possible that some changes may change your feeling. F．Similar types of people may be attracted to the same activities. G．Try not to allow yourself to focus so much on a certain aspect of your life. 【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】人生就是不斷自我提升的過(guò)程，有時(shí)我們急于取得成功，卻迷失了自我。本文就如何提升自己給出了一些建議。 1．B　上文提到你可能想知道如何用更簡(jiǎn)單的方式提升自己，下文則給出了一些建議。由此可知，設(shè)空處承上啟下。B項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境。 2．F　本段最后一句提到，判斷你喜歡跟誰(shuí)在一起有助于你了解自己喜歡什么。由此可知，F(xiàn)項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境。故選F項(xiàng)。 3．A　本題考查標(biāo)題句。根據(jù)該標(biāo)題下的Its important to at least devote some of your time to what makes you happy.可知，花時(shí)間做自己喜歡的事很重要。由此可知，A項(xiàng)(做你喜歡的事)符合語(yǔ)境。 4．E　上文提出如果特別不喜歡現(xiàn)在的工作，考慮一下原因，下文則提出考慮換一份工作。由此可知，E項(xiàng)(有時(shí)候作出一些改變也可以改變你的心情)符合語(yǔ)境。 5．D　本段主題是體驗(yàn)新事物。空格后說(shuō)，正因?yàn)槿绱耍覀兛赡軐?duì)自己的積極的經(jīng)歷反應(yīng)遲鈍。D項(xiàng)(人類對(duì)積極的事件適應(yīng)很快)正好解釋了下文的現(xiàn)象。故選D項(xiàng)。