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選修7 Unit 4 課下作業(yè)（一~三） 課下作業(yè)（一） 考點過關(guān)針對練 Ⅰ.單詞拼寫 1．After the terrible earthquake, the government conveyed (運送) people to safer places. 2．I thought it would be easy, but a lot of problems have arisen (出現(xiàn))． 3．Once you have undertaken (承諾) it, you should do it. 4．Do you mind if I postpone (推遲) that appointment until next week? 5．The truck was carrying a load (大量) of sand. 6．You can enlarge (擴大) your knowledge and learn some English at the same time. 7．The performance runs two hours thirty minutes including an interval (間隔)． 8．Would you please make my reservation (預訂) to Chicago for tomorrow? 9．World Health Day is celebrated every year on 7 April, which marks the anniversary (周年紀念日) of WHO. 10．I felt as if there was a weight on my chest, choking (使窒息) me. 11．A dozen ideas were considered before the architect (建筑師) decided on the design of the building. 12．The scientists are still working on inventing methods of reaching outer (外部的) space. 13．He divided the field into different sections (部分), where different vegetables were grown. 14．The Oxford English Dictionary is the best authority (權(quán)威) on English words. Ⅱ.單句語法填空 1．Unfortunately(unfortunate), due to unforeseen circumstances, this years show has been cancelled. 2．Cyclists (cycle) are advised to wear helmets to reduce the risk of head injury. 3．I just want you to answer the question in a concrete and believable (unbelievable) phrase. 4．Weve seen an enormous growth (grow) in the number of businesses using the Web. 5．A major enquiry (enquire) is underway after the death of a union official. 6．He put through an important business deal over the weekend. 7．A large reception (receptionist) was held in honor of the brave explorers. 8．The research shows that puter games may cause aggression (aggressive)． 9．I reserve my favorable ments for my former monitor. 10．The expert talked about how to make our statistical system link up with the international standards. Ⅲ.單句改錯 1．Owing to the bad weather, we decided to postpone leave.leave→leaving 2．I have taught some foreigners Mandarin for two years, which can help to take a load from your mind. from→off 3．The manager undertook to improving the working arrangements in six months. improving→improve 4．—Its getting dark.I must be off now. —OK, please take care and convey my best wishes with your family.with→to 5．These changes arose differences in climate and nature.arose后加from 6．Why not to write to her? She needs your advice.去掉第一個to 7．On the chairs sitting three graduates, who came here for this job interview.sitting→sat 8．His breaking the rules resulted from his being fined.from→in Ⅳ.完成句子 1．The countrys present difficulties arise_from/out_of the shortage of petroleum. 這個國家當前的困境是由石油短缺造成的。 2．They undertook_to_finish_the_task by Monday. 他們答應(yīng)在星期一之前完成任務(wù)。 3．Id like to make_a_reservation of the ticket flying to London for July 5. 我想預訂7月5日飛往倫敦的機票。 4．How long will it take to load_the_coal_onto_the_truck? 裝一卡車煤需要多少時間？ 5．I find it hard to convey_my_feelings in words at the moment. 我發(fā)現(xiàn)此刻難以用言語表達我的感情。 6．Its_up_to_you_to_decide whether to carry out this plan or not. 應(yīng)該由你來決定是否實施這一計劃。 7．My work is_linked_with/to previous research. 我的工作和以前的研究相聯(lián)系。 8．Why_dont_you_give_him_another_chance? After all, everybody makes mistakes. 為什么不再給他一次機會呢？畢竟，每個人都會犯錯。 課下作業(yè)（二） 話題閱讀培優(yōu)練 Ⅰ.根據(jù)提示填空 The amount of time that people spend on travel is 1.1 hours per person per day in all societies. The average ?distance (distant) traveled is 7,400 miles (12,000 km) per year. In total, the world population travels more than 16.6 trillion miles (23 trillion km) per year, 53% of which is by car, 26% by bus, 9% by rail, 9% by ?highspeed_transport (高速運輸) such as airplanes, and 3% by bicycle, boat and other means. It is estimated (估計) that, due to developments in highspeed public transport, travel time will drop to only 12 minutes per person per day by 2050. Of ?the_global_traffic_volume (全球交通流量), 35% will be by car, 20% by bus, 41% by highspeed transport, and 4% by rail. At present, ?traffic_congestion (交通擁堵) has a huge negative economic and environmental ?impact (影響) across the world. Road congestion in the UK costs the UK economy ￡15 billion a year. It costs the US D|S100 billion a year. In Seattle, Washington for instance, a ?driver (司機) spends an average (平均) of 59 hours caught in traffic each year. In the greater Seattle area there are more cars than people; each household makes an average of 10 motorcar trips a day. According to Sierra Club，“American cars and trucks ?account_for (占……) 20 percent of the worlds petroleum ?consumption (consume)．” The US has the most ?highways (highway), but European roads are busier. In Europe, cars travel more than 600 miles (1,000 km) per road per year, pared to an average of 500 km per road in the US. The worlds worst traffic_jam (交通堵塞) usually occurs during the summer on the road from Paris to Toulouse, France. Ⅱ.片段選詞填空 popularity， benefit， monthly， service， available， make a reservation， pay for， car sharing， make a big trip to， have access to Car sharing is another way to drive green thats gaining in ?popularity,_especially in urban areas. People who may not drive every day but still want a car to run errands (差事) or drive on weekends benefit most from ?car_sharing. Car sharing is usually run by a ?service like Zipcar, though there are nonprofit and informal car sharing services. Members pay a monthly fee and ?have_access_to an entire fleet of cars when they need one. The cars are parked in fixed spots around the city, so members only need to ?make_a_reservation,_and then go to the pickup spot. Car sharing has major environmental ?benefits because it lessens the number of cars on the road. Members dont drive just because they have a car. They plan trips, and if they dont need a car, they dont use one. Still, a car is ?available to them if they need to ?make_a_big_trip_to the grocery store, pick someone up at the airport or if they want to go to the beach for the day. Members also benefit by having access to a car without any of the headaches of ownership. They usually dont have to ?pay_for gas, insurance or maintenance (保養(yǎng))，and the monthly membership fee is less than a typical car payment. So if you really want to go green but arent ready to totally give up a car yet, car sharing may be the way to go. 課下作業(yè)（三） 高考語篇提能練 Ⅰ.閱讀理解 A (2019湖北七市聯(lián)考)Real literary travelers often travel to the birthplace or residence of a writer, or to the setting of a famous scene. Weve prepared a small list of literary travel destinations. London, England In London, literary landmarks are so mon that “blue plaques” are often found on the homes or schools of famous writers. They have been introduced to show wellknown literary sites. One can be found at 221B Baker Street — the apartment of famous fictional detective Sherlock Holmes. But watch out for false plaques, such as the Jacob Von Hogflumes, where the inventor of time travel would live in 2189. To truly experience literature in person, you can also visit StratforduponAvon, the birthplace of William Shakespeare, and watch nightly performances of his plays. Rome, Italy “Go to Rome — at once the Paradise， The grave, the city, and the wilderness ...” This is from an elegy (挽歌) to John Keats, who traveled to Rome in the hope that the air would cure his illness but died within three months. Despite the fact that Keats visit was a quick one, Rome has a reminder of it — the KeatsShelley House. Just across the street is the Antico Caff Greco, a cafe frequented by famous authors like Dickens, Byron, Shelley ..., but you probably get the idea that this is somewhere any literary traveler has to go. 語篇解讀：本文是一篇旅游指南，向文學旅行者介紹了倫敦和羅馬的幾個文學旅行景點。 1．According to the passage, true literary travelers are less likely to visit ________. A．221B Baker Street B．the Jacob Von Hogflumes C．StratforduponAvon D．the KeatsShelley House 解析：選B　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)London, England部分中的“But watch out for false plaques, such as the Jacob Von Hogflumes”中的關(guān)鍵詞“watch out for”(留意)和“false”(假的)可知，B項正確。 2．Whats the function of “blue plaques” in London? A．To confuse literary travelers. B．To introduce famous English writers. C．To show nightly performances. D．To represent famous literary landmarks. 解析：選D　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)London, England部分中的“They have been introduced to show wellknown literary sites”可知，藍牌代表著名的文學地標，故D項正確。 3．Why is the Antico Caff Greco favored by literary travelers? A．It is famous for offering coffee of high quality. B．It was regularly visited by many famous writers. C．It is located opposite the KeatsShelley House. D．It is regarded as a reminder of Rome. 解析：選B　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Rome, Italy部分中的“a cafe frequented by famous authors”可知B項正確。 B (2019沈陽模擬)SYDNEY — Visitors to an Australian tourist hotspot have been advised to use umbrellas to protect themselves against dingo attacks, according to research. Fraser Island, off the coast of Queensland, offers a rare opportunity to observe the native wild dogs, but people can occasionally meet dingoes acting in a threatening or aggressive manner toward them, resulting in human injury and, in one tragic case, death, according to a research paper published on Thursday in the Pacific Conservation Biology scientific journal. Reviewing a wide range of measures to help manage wild animals, the researchers said moves to minimize harm from dingoes have included electric fencing and warning signs.However, “strong umbrellas” and “mild chemical irritant (刺激性的) sprays” could also offer personal protection. Australian dingoes, which feature remarkably in native culture but are also viewed as a threat to livestock in some areas, are listed as an endangered species by the International Union for Conservation of Nature.The mediumsized dogs have broad heads, pointed muzzles, and red or yellow coats, and are found across the country except Tasmania, according to government agency Tourism Australia. Fraser Island stretches over 123 kilometres in length and 22 kilometres at its widest point.With an area of 184,000 hectares, it is the largest sand island in the world.The island prides attractions such as its superb scenery and humpback whales, and is also home to the most pure strain of dingoes remaining in eastern Australia. By bringing up instances of how an umbrella “rapidly opened in front of charging bears was enough to cause them to stop or move back”， the researchers said “an open, strong umbrella may also serve as useful protection against a dingo making a very close approach.” 語篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文，主要講述了澳洲野犬會對人類造成傷害，建議來澳大利亞的游客用雨傘來保護自己，不被澳洲野犬傷害。 4．Which of the following is TRUE about Australian dingoes? A．They are fierce and big. B．They are native and famous in Australia. C．They can be found in every island of Australia. D．They often cause harm to humans and livestock. 解析：選B　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第一句中的“the native wild dogs”和第四段第一句中的“which feature remarkably in native culture”可知，本題答案選B。 5．They are all attractions of Fraser Island EXCEPT ________. A．bears　　　　　　　　 B．dingoes C．scenery D．humpback whales 解析：選A　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段最后一句可知， 弗雷澤島上的看點有優(yōu)美的景色、座頭鯨和澳洲野犬，不包括熊，故選A項。 6．We can learn from the last paragraph that ________. A．dingoes are as dangerous as bears in Australia B．people always use umbrellas to frighten away bears C．if umbrellas work on bears, so do they on dingoes D．the umbrellas are specially designed against bears and dingoes 解析：選C　推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段可推斷，如果雨傘對熊起作用的話，那么對澳洲野犬也會起作用，故本題選C。 C (2019蘭州診斷)In the last few years, you may have noticed the term “microplastics” in the news. Microplastics are tiny pieces of plastic from discarded (丟棄的) plastic bottles, bags and containers that end up in rivers, lakes and oceans. Because they are so tiny and hard to see, researchers set sail to collect water samples and estimate the amount of plastic in the ocean. The 5 Gyres Institute, an organization aimed at reducing plastic pollution in our oceans, estimates that 296,000 tons of plastic is floating in the worlds oceans. But, if you think that oceans are the only water bodies with a microplastics problem, think again — the problem is also reported in the Chesapeake Bay, in our own backyard. In a partnership with the 5 Gyres Institute, Trash Free Maryland took to the Chesapeake Bay in November to study the presence of microplastics in the water. Setting out from Deale, Maryland, the research team collected seven samples by dragging a trawl (拖網(wǎng)) for an hour at a time. The trawl was fitted with a coneshaped (錐形的) net, whose holes measure 330 microns (微米) wide, about the width of two to three strands of human hair. Water flows through the main opening and the fine mesh (網(wǎng)眼) of the net ensures anything suspended in the water is trapped behind. In seven samples, the net picked up algae (海藻), trash, foam and plastic. According to the 5 Gyres Institute representative, the first sample collected contained almost 10 times the amount of plastic than would be collected in a typical ocean sample. The plastic found in the Chesapeake Bay samples included bits of bags, sheeting, fishing lines and microbeads, which are small plastic scrubbers (磨砂) found in the face wash, toothpaste and cleaning products. Microbeads in particular are a major source of microplastics pollution worldwide. They are small enough to bypass water treatment systems filters (過濾器) and end up in waterways. Scientists warn that chemicals and toxins (毒素) absorbed by microbeads and other microplastics could be passed on to organisms who mistake them for food and eat them, and could then be passed up higher and higher on the food chain, eventually reaching humans. 語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。通過介紹塑料微粒，人們能更多地了解塑料帶給環(huán)境的污染。 7．What is the second paragraph mainly about? A．The description of the trawl. B．The basic data of the water samples. C．The process of collecting water samples. D．The introduction of Trash Free Maryland. 解析：選C　段落大意題。根據(jù)第二段第二句中的“the research team collected seven samples by dragging a trawl (拖網(wǎng)) for an hour at a time”可知，第二段主要介紹收集水樣的過程。 8．What does the underlined word “They” in the last paragraph refer to? A．Bits of bags. B．Chemicals. C．Microbeads. D．Microplastics. 解析：選C　代詞指代題。根據(jù)畫線詞前一句的“Microbeads in particular are a major source of microplastics pollution worldwide”可知，They在此處指前文提到的Microbeads。 9．How does the author prove plastic pollution can be harmful to peoples health? A．By analyzing the data. B．By making parisons. C．By giving some examples. D．By referring to scientists views. 解析：選D　推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Scientists warn that chemicals and toxins (毒素) absorbed by microbeads ... eventually reaching humans”可知，通過參考科學家的觀點作者證明了塑料污染對人體健康有害。 10．Whats the authors purpose in writing this passage? A．To explain some new scientific terms to people. B．To let people learn more about plastic pollution. C．To urge governments to make environmental laws. D．To tell people some new findings in scientific research. 解析：選B　寫作目的題。根據(jù)文章的描述可知，作者寫這篇文章的目的是讓人們更多地了解塑料污染。 Ⅱ.閱讀七選五 (2019廣州綜合測試)Imagine that you are in a remote village somewhere with no medical clinic. __1__ Once the doctors get to you, they examine you and take blood samples, but they wont be able to help you until they take the samples back to the hospital to find out what is wrong. __2__ Thanks to engineer Andy Ozcan, many people may never be in this situation. He has invented an app that turns your mobile phone into a diagnostic (診斷的) tool. Ozcans invention is important because it is very accurate and easy to use. In many remote places, even if doctors have microscopes and other instruments to help them make diagnoses, there may still be other problems. Many doctors, for example, dont have enough training to correctly interpret what they see. __3__ With Ozcans mobile phone app, health workers can take a special photo of a blood sample and send it to a central puter at a hospital. The puter will then automatically interpret the photo and send a diagnosis back in a few minutes. __4__ His technology only requires a mobile phone and an Internet connection. As more than four billion people already have cell phones, the cost of establishing the diagnostic system is fairly low. By inventing a medical tool that uses existing technology — mobile phones, Ozcan has developed a medical tool that is both practical and economical. Therefore, it can be effective almost anywhere. __5__ A．Another reason why Ozcans invention is important is that it is inexpensive. B．Even though you may only have a simple infection (感染), you might die because of the delay. C．People are trying to reduce the cost of this new medical tool. D．Ozcans simple, costeffective tool might just save millions of lives around the world. E．This tool has bee much more popular all around the world. F．You bee very sick and must wait days until a mobile medical unit arrives to help. G．As a result, they may diagnose illnesses incorrectly. 語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。在偏遠地區(qū)，醫(yī)生救助病人比較困難，工程師Andy Ozcan發(fā)明的診斷疾病的工具——一種手機軟件——解決了這一難題。該工具僅需手機和網(wǎng)絡(luò)連接，成本低廉，使用簡單。 1．解析：選F　根據(jù)空前一句并結(jié)合常識可知，假如你在一個沒有醫(yī)療診所的偏遠村莊并且病得很重，你也必須等待數(shù)天才能得到幫助，故F項與上文銜接緊密。 2．解析：選B　根據(jù)空前的“Once the doctors get to you ... to find out what is wrong”可知，醫(yī)生到達后檢查你的身體并采集血樣，但是他們無法立即幫助你，直到他們把血樣帶回醫(yī)院去檢測哪兒出了問題；據(jù)此可知，即便你只是患有普通的感染，你也可能會因為延誤而死，故B項正確。 3．解析：選G　根據(jù)空前一句可知，例如，許多醫(yī)生因訓練有限而無法正確診斷他們所看到的病情；因此，他們診斷出的疾病可能會不準確，故G項與此處匹配。 4．解析：選A　根據(jù)空處所在的位置可知，空處為該段的主題句；由該段內(nèi)容及第二段第一句可知，該段主要說明這個發(fā)明很重要的另一個原因，故A項正確。 5．解析：選D　根據(jù)該段內(nèi)容尤其是“Therefore, it can be effective almost anywhere”可知，由于經(jīng)濟實用，這個發(fā)明幾乎可以在任何地方使用；據(jù)此可知，這種簡單且合算的產(chǎn)品將可能挽救全世界數(shù)百萬人的生命，故D項正確。