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Great Scientists 一、閱讀理解。 閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)(A、B、C和D)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。 A gunman killed two members of a television news crew in the United States earlier this week.Their TV station broadcast the shooting“l(fā)ive” in real time.The shooting shocked many Americans and people around the world. One US teenager wants to help prevent such attacks.Kai Kloepfer lives in Boulder，Colorado.He has a talent for technology.He has been teaching himself engineering skills since he was a child.Hearing of so many gun attacks，he decided to use his skills to help prevent mass shootings. The young mans goal was to make a gun that would not work in the hands of a killer.But he knew it would be impossible for him to stop dangerous people from buying guns.So he changed direction.He decided to create a gun designed to prevent accidental shootings.The gun Kai Kloepfer designed only works when unlocked by the fingerprint of the owner，and not by anyone else.The gun only recognizes the touch of its owner. It took the teenager seven months and over 1,500 hours to create a plastic model of his“smart gun”．He entered his fingerprint handgun in a local science fair and won.His award included a financial prize.He received$50,000.The money is to support improvement in gun safety. Kai Kloepfer is now 18 years old.He has been using the grant money to improve the technology.He says the weapon he designed doesnt change the function of a firearm at all.It just makes it safer.He is now working to add the fingerprint lock technology to a real gun.He says he expects to one day see his “smart gun”for sale next to other firearms. The young man plans to spend the next year improving his fingerprint handgun.Then he will start college at one of the worlds top universities—the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. 1．Why does Kai Kloepfer try to invent the gun? A．To prevent people from buying guns. B．To protect peoples lives. C．To limit functions of a gun. D．To reduce power of a gun. 2．The gun created by Kai Kloepfer is controlled by the owners fingerprint to ________. A．keep it convenient to use B．make it safe to carry around C．protect its owner from harm D．a(chǎn)void being used by others 3．How is the progress of Kai Kloepfers gun invention? A．It is being shown in a fair. B．It is under further research. C．It will soon e into the market. D．It needs designing once again. 4．Whats Kai Kloepfers wish for his fingerprint gun? A．It will bring enough money for him. B．It will replace traditional guns. C．It can be sold on the market. D．It can help forbid the use of guns. 【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本篇文章是記敘文，講述了美國(guó)一名科技愛好青年Kai Kloepfer改良槍支的故事。 1．B　考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第二段的“Hearing of so many gun attacks, he decided to use his skills to help prevent mass shootings”和第三段的“He decided to create a gun designed to prevent accidental shootings”可推知，選項(xiàng)B“為了保護(hù)人們的生命”是正確的，所以選B。 2．D　考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第三段的“The gun Kai Kloepfer designed only works when unlocked by the fingerprint of the owner，and not by anyone else.The gun only recognizes the touch of its owner”可知，Kai Kloepfer設(shè)計(jì)的槍只有槍的主人用指紋才能打開，而其他任何人都無(wú)法使用該槍。這支槍只識(shí)別其主人的觸摸。因此選項(xiàng)D“避免被別人使用”正確。 3．B　考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第五段的“He has been using the grant money to improve the technology”和“He is now working to add the fingerprint lock technology to a real gun”可知，他一直在使用這筆獎(jiǎng)金來(lái)提高技術(shù)，并致力于把指紋鎖技術(shù)運(yùn)用到真槍中。選項(xiàng)B“手槍的技術(shù)正在深入研究之中”是可以推理出來(lái)的，所以選B。 4．C　考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第五段的“He says he expects to one day see his ‘smart gun’for sale next to other firearms”可知，他期待有一天看到他的智能手槍像其他槍一樣被出售，所以選C。 二、單句語(yǔ)法填空 1．Only when he arrived ________the meeting begin. 答案：did　“only＋狀語(yǔ)(從句)”位于句首，句子要部分倒裝。由時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句when he arrived可知，應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，故填did。 2．Neither I nor John ________(be) tired of the speech. It is interesting. 答案：is　neither ... nor ... 連接兩個(gè)并列主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)遵循“就近一致”原則，故填is。 3．________(absorb) in writing a letter, he didnt even look up when I came in. 答案：Absorbed　be absorbed in ...“全神貫注于……”，此處為分詞作狀語(yǔ)，故填A(yù)bsorbed。 4．That you ________(expose) to the sunlight for too long will be harmful to your skin. 答案：are exposed　be exposed to ...“暴露于……；接觸……”。 5．There is no sense in ________(worry) about the future. 答案：worrying　There is no sense in (doing) sth. “(做)某事是沒(méi)有意義的”。 6．While ________(attend) to the central task, we should unfold the work in other fields. 答案：attending　attend to “處理；照料”，從句的主語(yǔ)和主句主語(yǔ)一致，且謂語(yǔ)部分含有be動(dòng)詞的相應(yīng)形式時(shí)，可省略從句中的主語(yǔ)和be動(dòng)詞，補(bǔ)充完整為：While we are attending to ...，故填attending。 7．The bank manager was really ________(blame), though he tried to put it on a clerk. 答案：to blame　be to blame “應(yīng)受責(zé)備；應(yīng)承擔(dān)責(zé)任”，為主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。 8．Mr Reed made up his mind to contribute all he had to ________(set) up some schools for poor children. 答案：setting　contribute ... to ...“為……奉獻(xiàn)……”，其中to為介詞，其后應(yīng)用名詞、代詞或動(dòng)名詞形式，故填setting。 9．My parents tend to accept any idea ________(put) forward by experts on TV. 答案：put　put forward “提出”，此處應(yīng)用過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作后置定語(yǔ)，修飾名詞idea。 10．I recognized her voice ________moment I picked up the receiver. 答案：the　the moment “一……就……”。 三、完形填空。 (2018山西八校第一次聯(lián)考) One day，while we were visiting my parents on a farm in late summer，Dad mentioned hed always wanted a Crimson King Maple Tree for the yard.Mom agreed that the trees were __1__. Like many other parents，mine were hard to __2__ for，so I figured this was a great opportunity to get them something theyd __3__.I also thought two would be even better.I checked the __4__ at work and decided it was a bit more than I could __5__—but all of my siblings(兄弟姊妹)agreed to give some money to buy the trees. In northern Ohio，you dont plant maple trees at Christmas，so we decided to __6__ Mom and Dad with a special Christmas in October before the ground __7__.We asked my aunt if shed help us with the “__8__”，and she called my parents __9__ to say she was ing for a Sunday visit.Then my sisters and sistersinlaw went into __10__，planning a big holiday turkey dinner. On the __11__ Sunday，we all met at my house and __12__ the trees into a truck.I __13__ as Santa Claus.When we arrived at my parents house，Dad was __14__ something was wrong first.He and Mom were amazed when we told them __15__ we were there. When Christmas __16__，of course，we couldnt go to our parents house emptyhanded，so Mom and Dad got __17__ presents that year.Almost half a century later，I __18__ drive by the old farm and smile when I see those big，handsome __19__ and remember giving a special __20__ to special people at Christmas in October. 1．A.distinctive　　　　B．fragrant C．expensive D．pretty 2．A.shop B．represent C．a(chǎn)nswer D．care 3．A.deserve B．a(chǎn)ppreciate C．a(chǎn)dvertise D．imagine 4．A.result B．number C．price D．express 5．A.afford B．expect C．fancy D．handle 6．A.frighten B．a(chǎn)ssist C．surprise D．reward 7．A.warmed B．froze C．softened D．darkened 8．A.trick B．purchase C．choice D．decoration 9．A.in advance B．in time C．by accident D．on purpose 10．A.service B．a(chǎn)ction C．effect D．production 11．A.regular B．separate C．given D．chosen 12．A.sorted B．loaded C．transported D．transplanted 13．A.dressed up B．passed off C．looked on D．started out 14．A.delighted B．a(chǎn)nnoyed C．disappointed D．convinced 15．A.when B．how C．why D．whether 16．A.came around B．dropped out C．turned up D．drew in 17．A.generous B．a(chǎn)dditional C．double D．special 18．A.even B．just C．once D．still 19．A.farms B．trees C．trucks D．yards 20．A.congratulation B．gift C．donation D．greeting 【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文為記敘文，涉及家庭關(guān)系話題。作者講述了自己和親人們一起用特別的方式給其父母帶來(lái)驚喜的經(jīng)歷。 1．D　上文提及父親想要在庭院種植一棵楓樹，下文提及“those big, handsome”，故此處應(yīng)是母親也欣然同意，認(rèn)為楓樹很漂亮(pretty)。distinctive“與眾不同的”；fragrant“芳香的”。 2．A　根據(jù)上文的“Like many other parents, mine were hard to”，下文的“so I figured this was a great opportunity to get them something”以及接下來(lái)介紹的作者兄弟姊妹幾人為父母買禮物的內(nèi)容可知，此處指作者覺(jué)得給父母買東西是很難的，故選shop“購(gòu)物”。 3．B　根據(jù)上文的“Dad mentioned hed always wanted a Crimson King Maple Tree for the yard...”及下文介紹的為父母買禮物的內(nèi)容可知，此處指作者認(rèn)為這是一個(gè)給父母買他們欣賞的東西的好機(jī)會(huì)。deserve“值得，應(yīng)得”；appreciate“感激，欣賞”；advertise“為……做廣告”；imagine“想象”。 4．C　根據(jù)下文的“but all of my siblings(兄弟姊妹)agreed to give some money to buy the trees”可知，作者在上班時(shí)查看了一下楓樹的價(jià)格(price)，認(rèn)為它的價(jià)格比自己能支付得起(afford)的還要高一點(diǎn)。express“快遞”。 5．A　參見上題解析。 6．C　從下文作者聯(lián)合其姑姑來(lái)幫忙實(shí)施這個(gè)計(jì)劃以及計(jì)劃具體實(shí)施的內(nèi)容可知，作者他們想給父母一個(gè)驚喜(surprise)。assist“幫助，協(xié)助”。 7．B　根據(jù)上下文語(yǔ)境及句中的“In northern Ohio, you dont plant maple trees at Christmas”“a special Christmas in October before the ground”可知，作者他們決定在土地上凍之前讓父母度過(guò)一個(gè)特別的圣誕節(jié)。freeze“結(jié)冰”符合語(yǔ)境。soften“變軟，軟化”。 8．A　根據(jù)上下文語(yǔ)境可知，作者詢問(wèn)姑姑是否可以幫忙實(shí)施這個(gè)“騙局(trick)”。 9．A　根據(jù)上下文語(yǔ)境可知，作者的姑姑提前(in advance)給作者的父母打電話說(shuō)她會(huì)在周日來(lái)拜訪。in time“及時(shí)”；by accident“意外地”；on purpose“故意地”。 10．B　根據(jù)下文的“planning a big holiday turkey dinner”可知，隨后，作者的姊妹和嫂子(或弟媳)行動(dòng)起來(lái)。go into action“行動(dòng)起來(lái)”符合語(yǔ)境。go into service“投入使用”；go into effect“生效”；go into production“投產(chǎn)”。 11．D　根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，作者和親人們?cè)谶x定的(chosen)那個(gè)周日聚到自己家里。regular“慣常的，有規(guī)律的”。 12．B　根據(jù)下文的“the trees into a truck”可知，作者他們把樹裝上(loaded)卡車。transport“運(yùn)輸，運(yùn)送”；transplant“移植”。 13．A　根據(jù)下文的“as Santa Claus”可知，作者把自己裝扮(dressed up)成圣誕老人。pass sb./sth.off as“把……冒充為……”；look on sb./sth.as“把……當(dāng)做……”；start out as“以……開始，起初是……”。 14．D　根據(jù)上下文語(yǔ)境及句中的“something was wrong first”可知，作者的父親一開始堅(jiān)信哪里出了問(wèn)題。convinced“確信，堅(jiān)信”符合語(yǔ)境。 15．C　根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，當(dāng)我們告訴他們我們?yōu)槭裁?why)會(huì)在那里的時(shí)候，父母感到很吃驚。 16．A　根據(jù)下文的內(nèi)容可知，當(dāng)又到圣誕節(jié)時(shí)，作者他們?nèi)ヌ酵改?。e around“再次出現(xiàn)，再度發(fā)生”；drop out“退出”；turn up“出現(xiàn)”；draw in“(白天變得)漸短”。 17．C　根據(jù)上文的“In northern Ohio, you dont plant maple trees at Christmas so we decided to...with a special Christmas in October”可知，作者他們?cè)谑路莸臅r(shí)候已經(jīng)為父母送上了一份特別的圣誕節(jié)禮物，而在真正的圣誕節(jié)到來(lái)的時(shí)候，他們又不能空手去拜訪自己的父母，故作者的父母那年是收到了雙份的(double)圣誕節(jié)禮物。additional“額外的”。 18．D　根據(jù)上下文語(yǔ)境可知，時(shí)隔幾乎半個(gè)世紀(jì)之后，當(dāng)作者看到那些高大、漂亮的楓樹(trees)時(shí)依然(still)會(huì)面帶微笑地駛過(guò)那個(gè)農(nóng)場(chǎng)。 19．B　參見上題解析。 20．B　作者看著那些楓樹時(shí)，會(huì)想起自己多年前在特別的圣誕節(jié)送給父母特別的禮物(gift)。上文中的“presents that year”亦是關(guān)鍵提示。donation“捐贈(zèng)物”；greeting“問(wèn)候”。 四、單句改錯(cuò) 1．Although defeating in the match, we didnt lose heart. _____________________________________________________ 答案：defeating→defeated　此處表示在比賽中被打敗，故應(yīng)用過(guò)去分詞表被動(dòng)。 2．When I opened the door, I found my father sitting in his chair, pletely absorbing in the newspaper. _____________________________________________________ 答案：absorbing→absorbed　(be) absorbed in “全神貫注于……”，此處為過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)。 3．It makes a sense to work on the problem before it gets out of control. _____________________________________________________ 答案：去掉a　make sense to do sth. “做某事是明智的，合乎情理的”，為固定用法，故去掉a。 4．Neither the teacher nor the students is content with the result. _____________________________________________________ 答案：is→are　neither ... nor ... 連接兩主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)遵循“就近原則”。 5．The plan was put forward at yesterdays meeting, in my opinion, is quite practical. _____________________________________________________ 答案：去掉was或was前加which/that　該句中已有謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞is, 故put forward at yesterdays meeting為過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作后置定語(yǔ)，修飾作主語(yǔ)的名詞plan；也可用定語(yǔ)從句作定語(yǔ)修飾先行詞plan，因此添加定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞引出定語(yǔ)從句，關(guān)系詞在從句中作主語(yǔ)，先行詞指物，所以在was前加which/that。 五、七選五 Are Your Clothes Causing Pollution? Very small pieces of plastic，called microfiber，are polluting rivers and oceans.__1__ Clothes worn for outdoor activities and exercise are often made of artificial materials，which are useful in keeping warm.But they contain very small plastic fibers，which may also be harming the environment when you wash them.When people wash these clothes，very small pieces go down the drain(下水道)with the wash water. __2__ Pollution caused by plastic is not new，but recent studies have shown the effect of microfiber on the environment.Studies show microfiber is ending up in our waters，which may e from waste water treatment factories.A 2015 study found it in fish from California. Microfibers effect on food supplies Beyond the waterways，the researchers say microfiber may end up in soil and agricultural lands.__3__ This means there is much to be learned about microfiber and the environment. Some studies have shown that microfiber ends up inside sea animals，like oysters.__4__ Researchers say that the fibers tend not to move into the tissue of the fish，but it needs more study. Steps to keep microfiber from the environment Until more information bees known，there are steps to take to reduce the amount of microfiber in the environment. People should use less of the artificial materials.If we already have those in our lives and were using them，an important step would be washing them less. __5__ A bag is being designed in which you can wash these clothes.The bag traps the microfiber in it and it may be available for purchase soon. A．New technology may also help. B．Studies on how much of the microfiber are released. C．The source of the microfiber may surprise you：your clothes. D．Washing machines keep microfiber from escaping with wash water. E．Studies on microfiber in the environment. F．It can also move around the atmosphere. G．So if microfiber has been found in fish and seafood，are they safe to eat? 【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了微纖維的來(lái)源、微纖維對(duì)環(huán)境以及食物供應(yīng)的影響和減少微纖維進(jìn)入環(huán)境的措施。 1．C　由文章標(biāo)題“Are Your Clothes Causing Pollution”可知，本文與衣服導(dǎo)致污染有關(guān)，并結(jié)合下文可知，造成污染的微纖維來(lái)自于有些用人工材料制成的衣服，故C項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境。 2．E　根據(jù)文章結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處為該部分小標(biāo)題?？蘸蟮亩温渲饕v的是微纖維對(duì)環(huán)境的影響，故E項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境。 3．F　結(jié)合空前一句中的“the waterways”和“in soil and agricultural lands”可知，研究人員認(rèn)為微纖維可能擴(kuò)散到水道，土壤和農(nóng)田中，故F項(xiàng)“它也能在大氣中移動(dòng)”符合語(yǔ)境。 4．G　空前一句中的“sea animals, like oysters”與G項(xiàng)中的“fish and seafood”相呼應(yīng)，故G項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境。 5．A　空后一句中的“A bag is being designed”正是A項(xiàng)中的“New technology”，故A項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境。