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Unit 1 Art 一、閱讀理解。 Flaubert had it that “one way of tolerating existence is to lose oneself in literature as in an unending party”．It turns out that reading doesnt only help us to tolerate existence，but actually lengthens it. A recent study by Yale University researchers，published online in the journal Social Science & Medicine，concluded that “book readers experienced a 20 percent reduction in the risk of death over the 12 years of followup pared to nonreaders”． The data was obtained from the study sponsored by the National Institute on Aging.The study looked at 3,635 subjects，all older than 50，whom the researchers divided into three groups：those who didnt read books，those who read up to 3.5 hours a week and those who read more than 3.5 hours a week. The findings were remarkable：on average，book readers survived almost two years longer than those who didnt crack open a book.The more the subjects read，the longer they lived，but as little as 30 minutes a day was still beneficial in terms of survival. Accounting for factors such as education level，ine and health status，the study found that those who read more than 3.5 hours weekly were 23 percent less likely to die during that 12year period.Those who read up to 3.5 hours—an average of a half hour a day—were 17 percent less likely. “In other words，just like a healthy diet and exercise，books appear to promote a significant survival advantage，” the authors concluded. Why or how thats_the_case remains unclear；the research showed only an association between book reading and longevity，not a causal relationship.But the findings are not so surprising.Other recent research showed that reading novels appears to increase both brain connectivity and sympathy. 1．Why does the author mention Flauberts words in the first paragraph? A．To stress the value of reading. B．To pare reading with a party. C．To introduce the study on reading. D．To support the findings of the study. 2．From the text，what can we learn about the study? A．No similar study on reading has been carried out. B．The process of the study lasted more than ten years. C．It shows readers live two years longer than nonreaders. D．It shows time spent on reading increases ones love for it. 3．What do the underlined words“thats the case”probably mean? A．Reading books enables people to live longer. B．Reading is similar to a healthy diet and exercise. C．Reading books is closely associated with longevity. D．Reading increases brain connectivity and sympathy. 4．Where can we most probably read this text? A．s：//.theguardian./lifeandstyle/family. B．s：//.barnesandnoble./b/books/ingsoon. C．s：//.washingtonpost./news/toyourhealth. D．：//.thebookbag.co.uk/Book_Remendations. 【解題導(dǎo)語】研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，閱讀和長(zhǎng)壽有一定的聯(lián)系，閱讀者的平均壽命比不讀書的人長(zhǎng)將近兩歲。 【難句分析】The study looked at 3 , 635 subjects，all older than 50，whom the researchers divided into three groups：those who didnt read books，those who read up to 3.5 hours a week and those who read more than 3.5 hours a week. 分析：該句為主從復(fù)合句。句中whom the researchers divided into three groups為whom引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句；who didnt read books以及who read up to 3.5 hours a week和who read more than 3.5 hours a week都為who引導(dǎo)的定語從句，修飾先行詞those。 譯文：這項(xiàng)研究調(diào)查了3 635名年齡超過50歲的實(shí)驗(yàn)對(duì)象，研究人員將他們分為三組：從來不讀書的人，每周閱讀3.5小時(shí)的人，每周閱讀超過3.5小時(shí)的人。 1．C　考查推理判斷。文章第一段引用福樓拜的名言說明讀書的作用，接著第二段介紹了耶魯大學(xué)關(guān)于讀書與死亡風(fēng)險(xiǎn)之間關(guān)系的研究。據(jù)此可以判斷，引用福樓拜的名言旨在介紹對(duì)閱讀的作用的研究，故C項(xiàng)正確。 2．B　考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段最后一句中的“book readers experienced a 20 percent reduction in the risk of death over the 12 years of followup pared to nonreaders”可知，在12年的跟蹤調(diào)查中發(fā)現(xiàn)，與不讀書的人相比，閱讀者的死亡風(fēng)險(xiǎn)降低了20%。據(jù)此可知，該項(xiàng)調(diào)查持續(xù)了十多年，故B項(xiàng)正確。A項(xiàng)文中沒有提及；C項(xiàng)錯(cuò)在two years longer than nonreaders，與第四段的第一句“The findings were remarkable：on average，book readers survived almost two years longer than those who didnt crack open a book”中的almost表述不符；D項(xiàng)文中沒有提及。 3．A　考查詞義猜測(cè)。根據(jù)上文中的“books appear to promote a significant survival advantage”及上文所述的研究結(jié)論“讀書可以延長(zhǎng)壽命”和該句“Why or how thats_the_case remains unclear；the research showed only an association between book reading and longevity，not a causal relationship”可知，閱讀為什么以及以什么方式延長(zhǎng)讀者壽命，人們?nèi)匀徊磺宄?jù)此可知，畫線詞指代研究表明的“讀書可以延長(zhǎng)壽命”，故A項(xiàng)正確。 4．C　考查文章出處。通讀全文可知，本文主要說明了閱讀和長(zhǎng)壽有一定的聯(lián)系，閱讀者的平均壽命比不讀書的人長(zhǎng)將近兩歲，閱讀能增強(qiáng)大腦的功能。據(jù)此可以判斷，本文屬于健康話題，因此最可能摘自健康網(wǎng)站，故C項(xiàng)正確。根據(jù)A項(xiàng)s：//.theguardian./lifeandstyle/family可知，該網(wǎng)站介紹家庭生活方式；根據(jù)B項(xiàng)s：//.barnesandnoble. /b/books/ingsoon可知，該網(wǎng)站介紹即將出版的新書；根據(jù)D項(xiàng)：//.thebookbag.co.uk/Book_Remendations可知，該網(wǎng)站主要推薦書籍。 二、語法填空。 Has anyone ever thrown a party for you? Those parties __1__ birthday parties and wedding ceremonies are usually fun, and encountering friends we arent expecting __2__ be a wonderful treat as well. People are often surprised by new mails, or __3__ (see) an old friend at a grocery store. There are many kinds of ways that joy unexpectedly es into our life. Perhaps even better is a blessing in disguise. Assume that you are walking in the rain to a bookstore because your __4__ (favor) author is going to hold a meeting for her new book. You walk for an hour, and arrive pletely wet. __5__ you walk into the bookstore, you are told that the author is sick and wont be there. __6__ a disappointment! __7__ when you look across the room, you may see a friend with whom you havent talked in a year. Then you two agree to cross the street together to __8__ coffee shop, and talk for hours. The authors __9__ (sick) is unfortunate for you, but if she __10__ (be) not sick, you might not have coffee with your old friend. It is a blessing in disguise. 1．________ 　2.________ 　3.________ 　4.________ 　 5.________ 　6.________ 　7.________ 　8.________ 　 9.________ 　10.________ 篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇夾敘夾議文。生活總會(huì)給我們?cè)S多驚喜。你冒著雨去與自己最喜歡的作者見面，卻被告知作者生病不能前來，但你卻無意中遇到了自己多日不見的朋友，這就是我們生活中的驚喜。 1．like　考查介詞。由設(shè)空前的parties和設(shè)空后表示舉例的名詞可知，應(yīng)填like “例如；像”。 2．can　考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。由設(shè)空前的“arent expecting”和空后的“as well”可知，應(yīng)填表示理論上的可能性的can。 3．seeing　考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。此處表示收到郵件或在雜貨店見到老朋友都會(huì)讓人感到意外?？仗幾鹘樵~by的賓語，故應(yīng)使用see的動(dòng)名詞形式seeing。 4．favorite　考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。此處應(yīng)用形容詞修飾名詞author，指最喜歡的作家，故用favorite。 5．When/After　考查狀語從句的連接詞。此處指當(dāng)/在你走進(jìn)書店時(shí)/之后，故填When/After。 6．What　考查感嘆句的引導(dǎo)詞?！癢hat＋a/an＋形容詞＋單數(shù)名詞＋主語＋謂語”為固定句型，在表意清楚的情況下，主語和謂語常常被省略，故此處用What。 7．But　考查連詞。根據(jù)上下文語境可知，此處表示轉(zhuǎn)折，故用But。 8．a(chǎn)　考查冠詞。此處指“一個(gè)咖啡店”，表泛指，故用不定冠詞a。 9．sickness　考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。由上文中的“the author is sick”可知此處表示作者生病了，再由空前的“authors”可知此處應(yīng)用名詞。 10．were　考查虛擬語氣。此處表示要是你喜歡的作者現(xiàn)在沒有生病，你可能就沒有機(jī)會(huì)和老朋友喝咖啡了。表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)，所以應(yīng)用were。 三、完形填空。 I was looking through some old photo albums the other day.I had 1 done that many times before but I felt a sudden 2 to see them again.I found myself 3 so many beautiful memories from my childhood.There was my dear Nana giving me a thorough 4 when I was a newborn baby.There was me and my brother standing in front of the world’s ugliest 5 our favorite Christmas tree.There was my beautiful Mom 6 me on her lap.Then the pictures seemed 7 all of a sudden because my eyes were wet.I just couldn’t 8 the tears.“What is going on？”I 9 ．I hadn’t cried the last time.But what was 10 now? I soon saw that it was I who changed.I had 11 ．My spirit had walked a little further down the 12 of love.I realized as long as they came with a warm heart，wet eyes were 13 to be ashamed of.I smiled and I felt Mom and Nana smiling 14 on me from Heaven. Leo Buscaglia said：“I’m not afraid of 15 ．They clean out my eyeballs.” I think they clean out our 16 as well.They help us to wash away our pain，fear and grief(悲傷)．They help us to 17 our love and goodness.They help us to bee who we are 18 to be.The next time you feel your tears starting，just let them 19 ． Life is full of smiles and tears.Only by allowing them both can we 20 live. 【解題導(dǎo)語】　本文是一篇夾敘夾議的文章。再次看老相冊(cè)時(shí)，作者重溫了童年的一些美好回憶，并流下了眼淚。作者從而感悟到生活中充滿歡笑和眼淚，只有允許它們兩者都存在，我們才能真正地生活。 1．A.never　　　　　　　 B．ever C．a(chǎn)lready D．nearly C　解析：根據(jù)下文的“many times before”以及“I hadn’t cried the last time.”可知，作者應(yīng)該不止一次看過這些老相冊(cè)，故此處表示作者之前已經(jīng)(already)多次看過這些老相冊(cè)了。 2．A.appeal B．sadness C．fear D．urge D　解析：此處表示作者突然有再次看老相冊(cè)的沖動(dòng)(urge)。appeal“懇求”；sadness“悲傷”；fear“害怕”。 3．A.shaping B．reliving C．escaping D．building B　解析：此處表示作者重溫(reliving)了許多來自童年時(shí)期的美好回憶。shape“塑造”；escape“逃避”；build“建造”。 4．A.bath B．speech C．hug D．survey A　解析：根據(jù)下文的“when I was a newborn baby”可知，此處表示作者還是個(gè)新生兒時(shí)，奶奶給她徹底洗澡，故選A項(xiàng)。 5．A.and B．but C．or D．a(chǎn)s B　解析：空前的“the world’s ugliest”和空后的“our favorite”之間為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，故用并列連詞but。 6．A.spinning B．possessing C．holding D．walking C　解析：根據(jù)下文的“on her lap”可知，此處應(yīng)表示“我漂亮的媽媽把我抱著放在她的腿上”。hold意為“抱著； 托著”，符合語境。spin“快速旋轉(zhuǎn)”；possess“擁有”；walk“走； 遛”。 7．A.beautiful B．blank C．a(chǎn)bnormal D．vague D　解析：上文提到了作者正在看老照片，根據(jù)下文的“because my eyes were wet...the tears”可知作者流淚了。根據(jù)常識(shí)可知，此處表示這些老照片變得模糊(vague)了。beautiful“漂亮的”；blank“空白的”；abnormal“不正常的”。 8．A.fight back B．fight with C．fight for D．fight against A　解析：根據(jù)上文的“because my eyes were wet”和下文的“I hadn’t cried the last time.But...”可知，作者這次看老照片的時(shí)候哭了，此處表示作者遏制不住眼淚。fight back“忍?。灰种谱　?，符合語境。fight with“與……爭(zhēng)斗”；fight for“努力爭(zhēng)取”；fight against“對(duì)抗”。 9．A.found B．wondered C．hesitated D．discussed B　解析：作者以前看老照片沒有哭，而這次看老照片卻哭了。所以作者想知道(wondered)發(fā)生了什么。find“發(fā)現(xiàn)，找到”；hesitate“猶豫，遲疑”；discuss“討論”。 10．A.heartbreaking B．wrong C．different D．disturbing C　解析：根據(jù)下文的“I soon saw that it was I who changed.”可知，作者很快明白，是她自己和以前不一樣了。故之前作者想知道的問題是“現(xiàn)在有什么是不同的呢”。故選C項(xiàng)。 11．A.grown B．misunderstood C．insisted D．struggled A　解析：根據(jù)下文的“My spirit had walked a little further down the ___________ of love.”可知，此處應(yīng)表示作者的心靈已經(jīng)在愛的道路(path)上走得更遠(yuǎn)了一點(diǎn)了，即作者已經(jīng)成長(zhǎng)(grown)了。 12．A.feast B．path C．expectation D．circle B　解析：參見上題解析。feast“宴會(huì)”；expectation“期望”；circle“圈子”。 13．A.everything B．something C．a(chǎn)nything D．nothing D　解析：根據(jù)上文的“as long as they came with a warm heart”以及下文的“I smiled”可知，該句表示含淚的眼睛沒有什么(nothing)可羞愧的，只要它們伴隨著一顆溫暖的心而來。 14．A.forward B．upwards C．down D．behind C　解析：根據(jù)下文的“on me from Heaven”可知，此處表示作者感到媽媽和奶奶從天堂向下(down)沖著自己微笑。 15．A.tears B．failures C．deaths D．illnesses A　解析：根據(jù)語境尤其是下文的“They clean out my eyeballs.”可知，此處表示“眼淚清洗了我的眼球”，故選tears。 16．A.petence B．inside C．identification D．development B　解析：根據(jù)下文的“They help us to wash away our pain，fear and grief(悲傷)．They help us to...to be.”可知，此處表示眼淚不僅清洗了我們的眼球，也清洗了我們的內(nèi)心(inside)。petence“能力”；identification“辨認(rèn)”；development“發(fā)展”。 17．A.look through B．clean out C．learn from D．reconnect to D　解析：第一段提到老照片讓作者的美好回憶重現(xiàn)，故這里應(yīng)該是表示“眼淚幫助我們重新找回我們的愛和善良”。reconnect to“重新連接”，在這里引申為“重新找回”。look through“瀏覽”；clean out“把……清洗干凈”；learn from“向……學(xué)習(xí)”。 18．A.used B．reminded C．forced D．meant D　解析：此處表示眼淚可以幫助我們成為我們想成為的人。be meant to do“打算； 想要”。 19．A.separate B．stay C．flow D．disappear C　解析：根據(jù)上文提到的眼淚的好處可知，此處表示下次你感覺到眼淚開始流的時(shí)候，那么就讓它們流下來吧。故選C項(xiàng)。 20．A.truly B．roughly C．generally D．tentatively A　解析：生活中充滿笑和淚，只有允許它們都存在，我們才能真正地(truly)生活。roughly“粗略地”；generally“大體上”；tentatively“試探性地”。 四、短文改錯(cuò)。 Dear Dave， Im very glad to receive your letter ask for my advice on how to learn Chinese well. Here are my advice. Firstly, as a foreigner, you need to go and join the Chinese learning activity group. And the most important thing is to remember as much Chinese words as possibly. Besides, if you really want to improve your listening ability, youd better to read Chinese books, listen to the tapes and radio programs with Chinese. You can watch the Chinese TV programs as well. Last but not least, you can make some Chinese friends. Your friends can teach you a lot Chinese songs and introduce some Chinese festival to you, too. I wish we will have a good time. I am looking forward to your early reply. Yours， Zhang Hua 答案： Dear Dave， Im very glad to receive your letter for my advice on how to learn Chinese well. Here my advice. Firstly, as a foreigner, you need to go and join Chinese learning activity group. And the most important thing is to remember as Chinese words as . Besides, if you really want to improve your listening ability, youd better read Chinese books, listen to the tapes and radio programs Chinese. You can watch the Chinese TV programs as well. Last but not least, you can make some Chinese friends. Your friends can teach you a lot Chinese songs and introduce some Chinese to you, too. I wish we have a good time. I am looking forward to your early reply. Yours， Zhang Hua 難項(xiàng)分析： 第一處：ask→asking　考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處在句中作定語，又與其邏輯主語letter之間是主謂關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞。 第五處：possibly→possible　考查固定短語。as ... as possible是固定用法，意為“盡可能……”。 第十處：will→would　考查虛擬語氣。wish后接賓語從句，要用虛擬語氣，且此處是表示對(duì)將來的假設(shè)，故用would。 五、七選五 Do you know that intelligence can be developed？Do you realize it doesn’t matter how smart you are but how hard you can work to grow？1. In her book, Mindset：The New Psychology of Success, Carol Dweck shares years of research conducted to prove it’s not just talent that determines success but whether we approach a situation with the right mindset. Having a growth mindset has many, many benefits. 2． Having a growth mindset encourages you to not look at a deficit(不足額) as a deficit in ability but one of learning and that is one which can easily be achieved. This naturally has an impact on your sense of selfworth. Enjoy the process of learning. With a growth mindset, you look forward to acquiring new skills and absorbing new knowledge. You realize that everything that you learn can help you improve and bee a better person.3. Increase your confidence. According to Dweck and her fellow researchers “...in the growth framework, having clear deficits doesn’t mean you aren’t or won’t be good at something. It’s simply an occasion for learning. 4. You just need to believe in improvement over time.” Don’t get confused by setbacks(挫折). When you have a growth mindset, you don’t view a setback as something that sets you back.5. Dweck shares，“Despite setbacks—or even because of them—they find ways to keep themselves mitted and interested.” A．Seek challenges. B．Improve your sense of selfworth. C．So you should never ignore the importance of learning. D．It can affect all areas of your life, from business to love. E．You view it as an opportunity to get better, and stronger. F．Moreover, you don’t need a full load of confidence to set about learning. G．If so, you’re one of the fortunate few who are blessed with a growth mindset. 【解題導(dǎo)語】　本文是一篇議論文，論述了主題：成功不僅僅是靠天賦，而是靠后天的努力和成長(zhǎng)的心態(tài)。 1．G　解析：根據(jù)空處后一句可知，Carol Dweck在她的書中分享了多年的研究來證明：決定成功的不僅僅是天賦，而是我們是否用正確的心態(tài)來處理事情；該句中的“the right mindset”和G項(xiàng)中的“a growth mindset”相匹配，故G項(xiàng)正確。 2．B　解析：空處為第二段的主題句，根據(jù)該段尾句可知，該段主要介紹提高自我價(jià)值感的建議，故B項(xiàng)正確。 3．C　解析：根據(jù)空處前一句可知，你意識(shí)到你所學(xué)到的所有東西都能幫助你進(jìn)步，讓你成為一個(gè)更好的人，該句說明了學(xué)習(xí)的重要性，故C項(xiàng)與此處匹配。 4．F　解析：根據(jù)該段主題句“Increase your confidence.”可知，該段主要介紹提高自信心的建議，F(xiàn)項(xiàng)中的“confidence”與此處匹配，故F項(xiàng)正確。 5．E　解析：根據(jù)語境可知，當(dāng)你有成長(zhǎng)的心態(tài)，就不會(huì)把挫折看成阻礙，而是看作讓你變得更好、更強(qiáng)的機(jī)會(huì)，故E項(xiàng)正確。