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選修8 Unit 22 課下作業(yè)（一~三） 課下作業(yè)（一） 考點過關針對練 Ⅰ.單詞拼寫 1．If you dont pay your debt, your property will be seized (沒收)． 2．For most people, the car is still their main means (方式) of transport. 3．We became trapped (使困住) by the rising floodwater. 4．What a coincidence (巧合) that we were in New York at the same time! 5．All children should be encouraged to develop their full potential (潛能)． 6．It is not worth sacrificing (犧牲) your health for your career. 7．We will condemn (譴責) those people for their mistreating pets, such as dogs or cats. 8．The report advocated (提倡) that all buildings should be fitted with smoke detectors in yesterdays newspaper. 9．He was substituted (替代) for another midfielder because of his injury. 10．Sometimes I wonder if my teaching is relevant (有關的) to the future of the students. Ⅱ.單句語法填空 1．His nationality isnt relevant (relate) to whether hes a good teacher. 2．Larry substituted for the colleague who was sick. 3．Many experts advocate rewarding (reward) your child for good behaviour. 4．He came to China in order to learn Chinese agricultural (agriculture) skills. 5．The schools must adopt (adoption) new methods of teaching foreign languages. 6．The director has sacrificed all for his first film. 7．It isnt wise to spend all your salary every month.Keep some money in reserve, just in case. 8．Her brother threatened to_leave (leave) her in the dark room alone when she disobeyed his order. 9．They were trying every possible means to rescue the miners trapped (trap) underground. 10．As teachers, we should be considerate (consider) of our students feelings.And then they will trust us. Ⅲ.單句改錯 1．Only by this mean can we master English.mean→means 2．The policeman seized the thief by his arm immediately.his→the 3．The discovery of new evidence led to the thiefs be caught.be→being 4．Pack ice around Iceland was being a threat with navigation.with→to 5．The newer will be the substitute with me as your English teacher.with→for 6．Giving that theyre inexperienced, theyve done a good job.Giving→Given 7．What coincidence！We happened to be travelling on the same train.What后加a 8．Though seats in the library are tight, my friend Tom has reserved one to me. to→for 9．Having trapped in the traffic jam for hours, he became impatient.Having_后加been 10．Some people advocated limit the number of cars on the main road.limit→limiting Ⅳ.完成句子 1．Apart_from_Beijing_and_Shanghai,_we also visited some other cities during the holiday. 除了北京和上海，假期里我們還參觀了一些其他城市。 2．Do you advocate_banning_cars in the city centre? 你支持在市中心禁止汽車通行這一主張嗎？ 3．It_is_considerate_of_you not to play the piano while I was asleep. 在我睡覺時你不彈鋼琴，真是體貼入微。 4．With/In_reference_to_your_advertised_position,_I have the pleasure to say that I am the just person you are asking for. 關于廣告上登的職位，我很高興地說，我就是你們要找的那個人。 5．Our hometown has_seen/witnessed_great_changes since the reform and opening policies started. 自從改革開放以來，我們的家鄉(xiāng)發(fā)生了巨大的變化。 課下作業(yè)（二） 話題閱讀培優(yōu)練 Ⅰ.根據(jù)提示填空 You might think that “global warming” means nothing more than a rise in the worlds temperature. But, ?rising_sea_levels (海平面上升) caused by it have resulted in the first evacuation (撤離) of an island nation — the citizens of Tuvalu will have to leave their homeland. During the 20th century, sea level rose 8－12 inches. ?As_a_result (結果), Tuvalu has experienced lowland flooding of salt water which has ?polluted (pollute) the countrys drinking water. Paani Laupepa, a Tuvaluan government official, reported to the Earth Policy Institute that the nation has suffered an unusually high number of fierce ?storms (storm) in the past ten years. Many scientists connect higher surface water temperatures ?resulting (result) from global warming to greater and more damaging storms. Laupepa expressed dissatisfaction with the United States for refusing to sign the Kyoto Protocol, an international agreement calling for industrialized nations to ?_reduce_their_greenhouse_gas_emissions (減少溫室效應的氣體排放), which are a main cause of global warming. “By refusing to sign the ?agreement (agree), the US has effectively taken away the freedom of future generations of Tuvaluans ?to_live (live) where their forefathers have lived for thousands of years，” Laupepa told the BBC.Tuvalu has asked Australia and New Zealand to allow the gradual move of its people to both countries. Tuvalu is not the only country that is ?vulnerable (vulnerably) to rising sea levels. Maumoon Gayoon, president of the Maldives, told the United Nations that global warming has made his country of 311,000 an “endangered_nation (瀕危的國家)”． Ⅱ.片段選詞填空 reduce， recycle， invention， environment， deal with， packaging product， eatable spoon， break down， ecofriendly water bottle， image of the future In an effort to discourage people from using plastics, scientists have been hard at work inventing alternative ?packaging_products. From water bottles made from seaweed to cutlery (餐具) made from rice and wheat, a number of ?inventions are set to change the way we eat while we are on the go, or having a relaxing picnic in the park. The idea of using seaweed to make ?ecofriendly_water_bottles has been around for a few years. Recently, Ari Jonsson took his invention — a water bottle made from red seaweed — to show off at a festival. The bottles will only hold their shape as long as they are filled. As soon as these bottles are empty they will begin to ?break_down,_though they would be perfectly safe to eat. Ari Jonssons bottles are a step closer to a widely used alternative to the current plastic ones. The eatable water container is not the only product to add to our ?image_of_the_future. Narayana Pessapaty has also created ?eatable_spoons. After the success of his spoons, Mr. Pessapaty is ready to expand and introduce forks and chopsticks to his menu. His aim is to largely ?_reduce the amount of plastic waste, which is a huge problem for waste sites all over the world. It is a product that may take up to 500 years to break down, and ?_recycling panies worldwide are struggling to ?deal_with_it. Aside from the obvious benefits to the environment,_this new packaging is also cheap to produce and therefore cheap to buy. Even better is the fact that similar eatable cutlery can be made at home, possibly a science project for children or just fun with friends. Why not get experimenting and create your own recipes? 課下作業(yè)（三） 高考語篇提能練 Ⅰ.閱讀理解 A (2019名校原創(chuàng)預測卷一)Famous tennis coach Nick Bollettieri considered tennis star Roger Federer the greatest player of all time, saying he is “in a class of his own”. The Swiss maestro (大師) won his record eighth Wimbledon title this month, defeating Croatian Marin Cilic in the final, and going to the entire tournament without dropping a single set. The 36yearold now has 19 Grand Slam titles, the most in history for a male tennis player. Bollettieri, who has coached some of the most successful tennis players ever including Andre Agassi and Jim Courier, believes Federer stands out from the rest due to all the efforts he makes on and off the court. “When you get to know the greatest player of all time, I believe you will join with many mentators in saying Roger is standing in a class of his own，” Bollettieri told Saturday Sport. “He is magnificent (出色的) in expecting what to do. He has improved his backhand and also he is hitting the ball much earlier, and he is one of, if not the best placement server in the game.” His management team headed by Tony Godsick takes care of his mind and body, time with his family, time with his foundation and time with rest. He also respects the game and his opponents (對手). Despite his impressive record, Federer has struggled against the other top players of this generation, including Rafael Nadal and Novak Djokovic. Along with Andy Murray, they are known as tennis “big four”， and Federer has a bined 50－57 record against the other three during his career. However, Bollettieri doesnt think that will have any impact on Federers greatness if he keeps on playing the way he is at his age. Bollettieri said, “Age is only a number. It is how you feel inside you. I believe a lot of people today can do a lot better if their mindset is to say I will get better every day and never use the word ‘retirement’. When you worry about losing, it is more difficult to win.” 語篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文，講述了著名網球運動員Roger Federer的成就及他在球場內外的努力。 1．What does Bollettieri mean by saying he is “in a class of his own”？ A．Roger is a tennis player second to none. B．Roger is a particular favorite of his. C．Roger is proud and prefers being alone. D．Roger has difficulty getting along with others. 解析：選A　句意理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“Famous tennis coach Nick Bollettieri considered tennis star Roger Federer the greatest player of all time”以及下文Bollettieri對Roger的表現(xiàn)的肯定可推知，“in a class of his own”指的是Roger的水平在網球領域是一流的，也就是說Roger是個無與倫比的網球運動員。故選A。 2．What can we know about Roger from the passage? A．He is in full charge of his life and career. B．Hard work is a major factor in his success. C．Deep respect develops between him and Tony. D．His greatest achievement is made in his thirties. 解析：選B　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Bollettieri ... believes Federer stands out from the rest due to all the efforts he makes on and off the court”可知，Bollettieri認為，Roger能比其他人優(yōu)秀，這都歸功于他在球場內外的努力，即刻苦努力是Roger成功的一個重要因素。故選B。 3．What does the underlined word “that” in the last paragraph refer to? A．Rogers increased age. B．Rogers positive attitude. C．Rogers impressive record. D．Rogers losing to other famous players. 解析：選D　代詞指代題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“Along with Andy Murray, they are known as tennis‘big four’， and Federer has a bined 50－57 record against the other three during his career”可知，F(xiàn)ederer曾經在對戰(zhàn)另外三個著名運動員的大部分比賽中輸給了他們；再結合畫線詞所在句可推知，但是Bollettieri并不認為這會對Roger的偉大造成任何影響。由此可知，that指的應是這件事。故選D。 4．What does Bollettieri want to stress in the last paragraph? A．Failure is nothing to fear. B．Being positive is very important. C．Everyone needs to be strongwilled. D．Attitude is everything. 解析：選B　推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段的內容，尤其是“I believe a lot of people today can do a lot better if their mindset is to say I will get better every day and never use the word ‘retirement’. When you worry about losing, it is more difficult to win”可知，如果人們能保持積極的心態(tài)，那么他們可能會做得更好；如果你擔心自己會失敗，那么你就更難成功。由此可知，積極的心態(tài)是很重要的。故選B。 B (2019名校原創(chuàng)預測卷二)In the fight to conserve tropical rainforests, heres a tool you dont often hear about: orange peels. Specifically, 12,000 tons of them, dumped (傾倒) on the land. “You dont usually associate waste treatment with biodiversity benefits, something thats good for the environment.” Tim Treuer is an ecologist at Princeton University, and hes talking about a unique conservation story. It started in the early 1990s, when an orange juice producer called Del Oro set up a pany near the Guanacaste Conservation Area in Costa Rica, a region that contains several national parks and a wildlife protection zone. Del Oro needed somewhere to dump the orange peels, and the pany also owned forested land next to the parkland that it had no intention of growing crops on. So a deal was struck: if Del Oro donated its forested land, it could dump orange peel waste on degraded (退化的) land within the conservation area. Then a thousand dump trucks worth of orange peels were lying on the land in 1998. “And within about six months the orange peels had been turned from orange peels into this thick black rich soil.” “I couldnt even find the site the first time I saw it.” He couldnt find it because, over 16 years, the orange peel waste had sent the land on a journey to bee a vinechoked jungle, with three times the diversity of tree species of the neighboring control plot, richer soil and a much thicker covering. In other words, the experiment was a success. The results appear in the journal Restoration Ecology. Treuer says perhaps this lesson could be applied elsewhere. “Its a shame that we live in a world with nutrientlimited degraded ecosystems and also nutrientrich waste streams. Wed like to see those things e together a little bit. Thats not license for any agricultural pany to just start dumping their waste products on protected areas, but it does mean that land managers, people involved with industrialscale agricultural operations should start thinking about ways to do thoughtful experimentation to see if in their particular system they can have similar winwinwin results.” 語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文，主要介紹了倒在退化土地上的廢棄橘子皮竟成了保護熱帶雨林生物多樣性的工具。 5．What does the underlined word “It” in Paragraph 2 refer to? A．Waste treatment. B．A conservation story. C．An orange juice pany. D．The biodiversity benefit. 解析：選B　代詞指代題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Tim Treuer is an ecologist at Princeton University, and hes talking about a unique conservation story”可知，It指代的應是Tim Treuer要講的有關生態(tài)保護的故事。故選B。 6．What does the author say about orange peels? A．They are particularly hard to break down. B．They can change the color of the land soil. C．They are beneficial to biological diversity. D．They can gradually destroy the surface soil. 解析：選C　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“You dont usually associate waste treatment with biodiversity benefits, something thats good for the environment”和第四段中的“with three times the diversity of tree species of the neighboring control plot, richer soil and a much thicker covering”可知，橘子皮對生物多樣性是有益的。故選C。 7．What do Treuers words in the last paragraph suggest? A．Waste can be used for environmental protection. B．No waste can be thrown randomly on the protected areas. C．Largescale agricultural operations start with experiments. D．Land managers must be ready to take on their responsibility. 解析：選A　推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中Treuer所說的話，尤其是“Its a shame that we live in a world with nutrientlimited degraded ecosystems and also nutrientrich waste streams. Wed like to see those things e together a little bit”可知，Treuer認為，我們生活在一個營養(yǎng)受限的、退化的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)中，同時卻有許多營養(yǎng)成分豐富的、泛濫成災的廢棄物，我們想看到這些東西能一點點地整合利用起來。再結合文章的主旨可知，Treuer認為我們可以利用廢棄物來保護環(huán)境。故選A。 8．What might be the best title for the passage? A．How to Deal with Orange Peels B．How to Improve the Degraded Land C．A Fruitful Experiment in Land Conservation D．Ways to Protect Tropical Forests Effectively 解析：選C　標題歸納題。通讀全文可知，本文主要介紹了Del Oro的公司將廢棄的橘子皮倒在保護區(qū)內退化的土地上后產生的令人意想不到的結果：保護了該地區(qū)生物的多樣性，使得該地區(qū)土壤更加肥沃，植被更加茂密。故C項作本文標題最佳。 Ⅱ.完形填空 (2019昆明調研)Mrs. Hudson walked into the classroom with a girl limping (瘸著走) behind her. She introduced, “This is Margaret. She just moved here from Florida. Lets __1__ her.” The teacher guided her __2__ to a front seat, then bent over and __3__ something in her ear. Finishing explaining the math problems, Mrs. Hudson __4__， “Break time. See you in ten minutes.” Boys __5__ first. “Today, lets meet at the far end of the sidewalk. And make sure the new girl doesnt follow us！” I said. After a while, I came back to the __6__. I wanted to find out if Mrs. Hudson liked my book report. With her usual big smile, she began, “Jack, you are a good __7__.” Shifting my weight from one foot to the other, I was a little __8__ that Mrs. Hudson liked me so much. Her __9__ let me know how much she appreciated having me around. My teacher __10__ in her quiet voice. “Thats __11__ I am sure you will invite Margaret to play with you today.” Her __12__ words sounded like frozen knives aiming at my heart. Could she __13__ suspect what we had been saying about Margaret? Could she know how __14__ I was? Then I managed to __15__ Margaret in our group. While many school memories have __16__ over the years, the __17__ Mrs. Hudson taught me has stayed with me. Mrs. Hudson gently guided me, __18__ me to do the right thing. She believed in me, and __19__ what she did, I rose to the level of her __20__， both for Margaret long ago and even later in my choice of career. 語篇解讀：本文是學校生活類記敘文。Hudson夫人是作者的老師。一天，她帶著一個走路一瘸一拐的女孩進了教室，包括作者在內的幾個男孩取笑這個女孩。而Hudson夫人用激勵、愛心和智慧教育了作者，啟迪了他的心靈，作者從此不再孤立女孩。這段經歷對作者的一生產生了很大的影響。 1．A.wele　　　　　　　 B．introduce C．remend D．follow 解析：選A　上文講到Hudson夫人帶著一個走路一瘸一拐的女孩進了教室，將這個女孩介紹給班里的孩子們，讓大家“歡迎”她，所以選A。wele“歡迎”；introduce“介紹”；remend“推薦”；follow“跟隨”。 2．A.casually B．gently C．nervously D．hurriedly 解析：選B　上文講到女孩走路一瘸一拐，接著說Hudson夫人“緩緩地”將女孩帶到了前排的一個座位，所以選B。casually“隨便地”；gently“溫柔地，緩緩地”；nervously“緊張地”；hurriedly“匆忙地”。 3．A.spread B．delivered C．repeated D．whispered 解析：選D　Hudson夫人先是將女孩帶到了前排的一個座位上，接著彎下腰來在她的耳邊“小聲說話”，所以選D。spread“傳播”；deliver“遞送，發(fā)表(演講)，接生”；repeat“重復”；whisper“小聲說”。 4．A.cried B．sighed C．announced D．agreed 解析：選C　Hudson夫人講完數(shù)學題后，“宣布”該休息了，所以選C。cry“喊叫，哭”；sigh“嘆氣”；announce“宣布”。 5．A.looked out B．raced out C．turned up D．gave up 解析：選B　根據(jù)上文可知，老師宣布了下課，根據(jù)常識可推知，下課后，男孩們先“跑了出去”，故raced out符合語境。look out“朝外看”；turn up“出現(xiàn)，露面，調高(音量等)”；give up“放棄”。 6．A.school B．office C．classroom D．platform 解析：選C　上文提到男孩們跑了出去，所以過了一會兒，作者應該是回到了“教室”。school“學?！保籵ffice“辦公室”；classroom“教室”；platform“平臺，月臺，講臺”。 7．A.guard B．colleague C．person D．speaker 解析：選C　Hudson夫人對作者說，“Jack，你是一個好人”，她是用表揚的方法來促使作者轉變自己的做法，使作者友善對待新來的女生。guard“衛(wèi)兵”；colleague“同事”；person“人”；speaker“說話者”。 8．A.embarrassed B．satisfied C．convinced D．worried 解析：選A　作者取笑新來的女孩，Hudson夫人卻說他是一個好人，這讓作者感到有點“尷尬”，所以選A。embarrassed“尷尬的”；satisfied“滿意的，滿足的”；convinced“確信的”；worried“擔憂的”。 9．A.answer B．explanation C．ment D．prediction 解析：選C　Hudson夫人對作者的正面“評價”(說作者是個好人)讓作者知道了老師是非常喜歡他在身邊的。answer“回答，答案”；explanation“解釋，說明”；ment“評論，評述”；prediction“預測，預言”。 10．A.begged B．replied C．urged D．continued 解析：選D　上文講到，Hudson夫人說作者是一個好人，然后“繼續(xù)說”，“這就是我確信你今天會邀請Margaret一起玩的原因。”beg“祈求”；reply“回答”；urge“敦促”；continue“繼續(xù)說”。 11．A.why B．how C．when D．where 解析：選A　參見上題解析。why“為什么”；how“如何，怎樣”；when“何時”；where“哪里”。 12．A.doubtful B．confident C．honest D．fortable 解析：選B　她肯定的話如同冰冷的刀子直指向作者的心，所以選B。doubtful“懷疑的”；confident“自信的，肯定的”；honest“誠實的”；fortable“舒服的”。 13．A.necessarily B．regularly C．hardly D．possibly 解析：選D　上文提到作者孤立新同學，但老師卻說他是個好人，所以作者心中疑惑：她“有可能”會猜到我們都說Margaret什么嗎？她知道我有多令人討厭嗎？necessarily“必要地，必然地”；regularly“經常，定期地，有規(guī)律地”；hardly“幾乎不”；possibly“可能”。 14．A.greedy B．smart C．awful D．outgoing 解析：選C　參見上題解析。greedy“貪婪的”；smart“聰明的，機靈的”；awful“糟糕的，極壞的”；outgoing“外向的，友好的”。 15．A.refuse B．praise C．separate D．include 解析：選D　之后，作者設法讓Margaret“加入”到了他們的團體中。refuse“拒絕”；praise“表揚，贊美”；separate“使分離，使分開”；include“包含，包括，列入”。 16．A.faded B．existed C．remained D．refreshed 解析：選A　多年過去了，很多學校的回憶“逐漸消失”，但Hudson夫人給作者的教訓卻一直伴隨著他。fade“逐漸消失，褪色”；exist“存在”；remain“繼續(xù)存在”；refresh“恢復精神”。 17．A.process B．principle C．secret D．lesson 解析：選D　參見上題解析。process“進程”；principle“原則”；secret“秘密”；lesson“課，教訓”。 18．A.forcing B．challenging C．permitting D．ordering 解析：選B　Hudson夫人溫和地引導作者，“激勵”他去做正確的事情。force“強迫，逼迫”；challenge“激勵，要求”；permit“允許”；order“命令”。 19．A.because of B．regardless of C．in spite of D．in terms of 解析：選A　作者的老師信任他，“由于”老師所做的一切，作者達到了老師的期望，所以選A。because of“因為，由于”；regardless of“不顧，不管”；in spite of“盡管”；in terms of“按照，在……方面，以……的措辭”。 20．A.beliefs B．expectations C．success D．standard 解析：選B　參見上題解析。belief“信仰，信條”；expectation“指望，期望”；success“成功”；standard“標準，水平”。 Ⅲ.語法填空 (2019名校原創(chuàng)預測卷三)Watermelon is considered a vinelike flowering plant that is actually native to Southern Africa, __1__ the wild varieties are in the greatest __2__ (abundant), ranging from super sweet to bitter, and varying in size as well.They moved north to Egypt, and __3__ (plant) in the Nile River Valley, and eventually moved east into China, roughly 1,000 years ago.Now, watermelon is grown around the world.It is __4__ (specific) selected to grow larger and juicy, __5__ (result) in the huge fruit that many of us are familiar with.The green outer skin is hard and fleshy, and rarely eaten, while the inner part is soft, red or pink flesh containing many seeds; this is the part of watermelon which is typically eaten. Watermelon is __6__ (effect) in reducing both your body temperature and blood pressure.Many people in tropical __7__ (region) eat this fruit every day in the afternoon during summer to protect themselves from heatstroke.In India, you will find __8__ being sold in almost every street during the summer season.The high amount of water __9__ (c