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A healthy life 一、閱讀理解 Oxford English Dictionary(OED)editors recently noted that the threeletter word “run” has indeed bee the single word with the most meanings with about 645 different usage cases for the verb form alone，making it the most plicated word in the English language. The various definitions of “run” featured in the OEDs uping third edition begin with the obvious “to go with quick steps”，then continue to run on for 75 columns of type.How could three little letters be responsible for so much meaning？Context is everything. Think about it：When you run a fever，for example，those three letters have a very different meaning than when you run a bath to treat it，or when your bathwater runs over and wets your cotton bath runner，forcing you to run out to the store and buy a new one.And when you ran over a nail in the parking lot and now your car wont even run properly...God—youd do things differently if you ran the world. When the OEDs first edition came out in 1928，the longest entry belonged to another threeletter word：“set”．Even today，the print edition of the OED contains some 200 meanings，beginning with“put，lay，or stand” and continuing on for about 32 pages. So what happened? British author Simon Winchester believes “a feature of our more energetic times” made word like “set” seem more passive by parison.“Run” appears to have earned some major lift during the Industrial Revolution.“Machines run, clocks run, puters run—all of those meanings began in the middle of the 19th century，” Winchester says. So，ready to run through the whole list of definitions？Ah，to read all 645 meanings youll have to wait for the next edition of the Oxford English Dictionary. 1．Which phrase has the first meaning of “run” in the uping third edition of OED? A．To run a fever. B．To run out to the store. C．To run a bath. D．To run a machine. 2．What does the writer intend to tell us in Paragraph 3? A．Various meanings of the word “run”． B．How to use “run” in specific cases. C．How to learn about the word “run”． D．Different ways to run the world. 3．What can we learn from the text? A．“Run” is the most difficult word. B．The meaning of “set” continues on for 75 columns of type. C．“Run” had the most meanings in 1928. D．“Run” has 645 meanings for the verb form in the third edition of OED. 4．What made “run” bee the word with the most meanings according to Winchester? A．Oxford English Dictionary. B．The various definitions. C．Usage cases of the word “set”． D．The Industrial Revolution. 【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。最近《牛津英語(yǔ)詞典》的編輯注意到由3個(gè)字母組成的單詞“run”僅作為動(dòng)詞便具有645個(gè)不同用法，成為了英語(yǔ)中最復(fù)雜的單詞。無(wú)獨(dú)有偶，還有“set”一詞，也是用法較多，在詞典中有大約200個(gè)意思。詞匯意義的復(fù)雜多樣化是社會(huì)發(fā)展、進(jìn)步的象征。 長(zhǎng)難句分析：Oxford English Dictionary(OED) editors recently noted that the threeletter word“run”has indeed bee the single word with the most meanings with about 645 different usage cases for the verb form alone，making it the most plicated word in the English language.(第一段) 譯文：《牛津英語(yǔ)詞典》的編輯最近提到3個(gè)字母的單詞“run”實(shí)際上成了唯一一個(gè)僅就動(dòng)詞形式來(lái)講就擁有645個(gè)不同用法的意義最多的單詞，這使它成為英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言中最復(fù)雜的單詞。 詞匯積累：definition n．釋義，定義 context n．上下文，語(yǔ)境，背景 uping adj.即將到來(lái)的 1．B　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段第一句中的“uping third edition begin with the obvious ‘to go with quick steps’”可知，第三版《牛津英語(yǔ)詞典》中“run”的第一個(gè)意思是“跑”。A項(xiàng)意為“發(fā)燒”；B項(xiàng)意為“向商店跑去”；C項(xiàng)意為“洗澡”；D項(xiàng)意為“運(yùn)行機(jī)器”。B項(xiàng)符合題意。故選B。 2．A　推理判斷題。第三段作者都是在介紹“run”搭配的不同詞組及其意義。A項(xiàng)意為“‘run’一詞的多種含義”，符合題意。故選A。 3．D　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“uping third edition”及第一段中的“bee the single word with the most meanings with about 645 different usage cases for the verb form alone”可知，在第三版《牛津英語(yǔ)詞典》中“run”作為動(dòng)詞就有645個(gè)意思。A項(xiàng)沒(méi)有提及；B、C兩項(xiàng)表述錯(cuò)誤。故選D。 4．D　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“‘Run’appears to have earned some major lift during the Industrial Revolution.‘Machines run，clocks run，puters run—all of those meanings began in the middle of the 19th century’”可知，“run”一詞的含義在工業(yè)革命時(shí)期開(kāi)始多起來(lái)。故選D。 二、單句語(yǔ)法填空 1．Having been here for two years, I have been accustomed to ________ (live) in such a noisy place. 答案：living　be accustomed to (doing) sth. “習(xí)慣于(做)某事”。 2．People can easily bee ________ (mental) addicted to drugs when they start taking them. 答案：mentally　句意：當(dāng)人們開(kāi)始吸毒時(shí)，他們可能會(huì)很容易從精神上依賴(lài)毒品。副詞作狀語(yǔ)修飾謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)bee addicted to。 3．It is easy for adolescents to get ________ the bad habit of smoking. 答案：into　get into the habit of ... “養(yǎng)成……習(xí)慣”。 4．The driver was to blame for his careless driving, so a lot of money was due to ________ (pay) by the driver. 答案：be paid　be due to do ... “應(yīng)該做……”。pay與money之間為邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，故應(yīng)填be paid。 5．________ (addict) to poetry, he hoped one day to be a poet himself. 答案：Addicted　(be) addicted to ... “沉迷于……”，此處為過(guò)去分詞在句首作狀語(yǔ)。 6．Farmers are now worried that the rain will have a very bad effect ________ the crops. 答案：on　have a bad effect on ... “對(duì)……有壞的影響”。 7．It is a shame __________ we should have lost such an important customer. 答案：that　It is a shame that ... “真可惜/真遺憾……”，為固定句式。 8．You will risk ________ (get) wet, because it may rain. 答案：getting　risk doing ... “冒險(xiǎn)做……”。 9．I feel ________ my duty that I should devote myself to teaching. 答案：it　句意：我感到致力于教學(xué)是我的責(zé)任。it在句中作形式賓語(yǔ)，that從句為真正的賓語(yǔ)。 10．It is the second time that he ________ (participate) in the Olympic Games. 答案：has participated　It/This/That is/was the first/second ... time that sb. have/had done sth. “這/那是某人第一/二……次做某事”。 三、完形填空。 My mother was a responsible teacher and she retired.So I decided to give her one of my old puters to help her pass the time.She had a little bit of puter __1__，so I just set it up for her and let her __2__ with it on her own. As time went on，I __3__ the puter was hardly touched.She said she didnt know __4__ to use it.I decided to teach her.I sat and __5__ everything and she seemed OK with what I said.Unfortunately，my sister called me at that moment __6__ we talked on the phone for an hour.Then when I saw her again，she was sitting in front of the puter，looking quite __7__.The screen saver(屏幕保護(hù)程序) had appeared and she didnt know how to __8__ it off.She had tried __9__ every key and it didnt work.I told her，“Just __10__ the mouse a little.” What I meant was that she just needed to move the mouse around to __11__ the puter up.What she did was to __12__ the mouse and start shaking it around in midair until the __13__ went pletely black.I couldnt help laughing because of her funny __14__.The more I laughed the __15__ she got. She thought that I was a(n)__16__ teacher and she decided to figure the thing out herself.Well，at least I helped her overe her __17__ of breaking something and encouraged her to __18__ a little. About a week later，I found a homemade __19__ card with a mouse on the front making a funny face __20__ to my door.It said，“Thanks for the puter lessons.Love，Mom.” 1．A.theory　　　　　B．knowledge C．technology D．history 2．A.watch B．train C．play D．see 3．A.found B．heard C．thought D．ignored 4．A.why B．when C．how D．where 5．A.learned B．described C．explained D．discussed 6．A.and B．but C．because D．since 7．A.amusing B．relaxed C．interesting D．discouraged 8．A.get B．break C．cut D．turn 9．A.hitting B．feeling C．changing D．removing 10．A.hang B．shake C．rub D．push 11．A.clean B．wake C．bring D．take 12．A.put up B．cut off C．pick up D．put away 13．A.screen B．curtain C．cover D．window 14．A.adjustment B．imitation C．expression D．a(chǎn)ction 15．A.ruder B．happier C．a(chǎn)ngrier D．better 16．A.impatient B．humorous C．careful D．helpful 17．A.sadness B．pressure C．fear D．depression 18．A.reply B．observe C．a(chǎn)nswer D．experiment 19．A.inviting B．greeting C．shopping D．birthday 20．A.appeared B．stuck C．bined D．printed 【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】該文主要講述了作者教退休的母親玩電腦的有趣故事。 1．B　根據(jù)下文中的“She said she didnt know __4__ to use it.I decided to teach her”可推知，作者的母親對(duì)電腦所知甚少，此處指電腦知識(shí)(knowledge)。 2．C　根據(jù)上文中的“So I decided to give her one of my old puters to help her pass the time”可知，作者給母親一臺(tái)自己的舊電腦是讓退休的母親自己玩。play with...“玩……”。 3．A　隨著時(shí)間的推移，作者發(fā)現(xiàn)(found)電腦幾乎沒(méi)被碰過(guò)。 4．C　根據(jù)下文中的“I decided to teach her”可推知，母親并不知道怎么(how)使用電腦，于是作者決定教她。 5．C　根據(jù)空處前一句“I decided to teach her”和空后的“and she seemed OK with what I said”可推知，作者給母親講解(explained)了相關(guān)的電腦知識(shí)。 6．A　根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，空處應(yīng)填連詞and，表示“然后，接著”。 7．D　結(jié)合語(yǔ)境可推知，母親不會(huì)玩電腦，感到很泄氣(discouraged)。 8．D　根據(jù)空前的“The screen saver(屏幕保護(hù)程序)had appeared”及常識(shí)可推知，電腦出現(xiàn)屏幕保護(hù)程序，母親不知道怎么把它關(guān)掉。turn off“關(guān)掉”。 9．A　根據(jù)空后的“and it didnt work”可推知，母親因?yàn)椴欢迷趺搓P(guān)掉屏幕保護(hù)程序，于是就按(hitting)了每一個(gè)鍵。 10．B　根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可推知，作者教母親稍微晃動(dòng)(shake)鼠標(biāo)即可。下文中的“start shaking it”也是提示。 11．B　根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可推知，作者是讓母親移動(dòng)鼠標(biāo)，喚醒電腦。wake up“喚醒”，符合語(yǔ)境。 12．C　根據(jù)空后的“start shaking it around in midair”可推知，母親聽(tīng)了作者的話(huà)就把鼠標(biāo)拿起來(lái)(pick up)，在空中搖晃。 13．A　根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可推知，母親不會(huì)玩電腦，拿著鼠標(biāo)亂晃，結(jié)果電腦屏幕(screen)全黑了。 14．D　根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，作者被母親搞笑的行為(action)給逗樂(lè)了。 15．C　根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，作者越笑，母親越生氣(angrier)。 16．A　根據(jù)空后的“she decided to figure the thing out herself”可推知，身為老師的母親對(duì)作者教自己玩電腦這件事很有看法，認(rèn)為作者沒(méi)有耐心(impatient)。 17．C　根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可推知，作者幫助母親走出了害怕(fear)損壞東西的陰影，鼓勵(lì)母親再?lài)L試一下。 18．D　參見(jiàn)上題解析。experiment“嘗試”，符合語(yǔ)境。 19．B　根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，母親自己制作了一張賀卡(greeting card) ，對(duì)作者表示感謝。 20．B　根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，此處指卡片貼在了作者的門(mén)上。stick to...意為“粘/貼在……”。 四、單句改錯(cuò) 1．Im not accustomed to get up so early to do morning exercises. ______________________________________________________ 答案：get→getting　be accustomed to doing ... “習(xí)慣于做……”。 2．He was determined to do it even at risk of being laughed at. ______________________________________________________ 答案：risk前加the　at the risk of doing ... “冒著做……的危險(xiǎn)”。 3．Too many stress does harm to your health. ______________________________________________________ 答案：many→much　stress “壓力”，為不可數(shù)名詞，故將many改為much。 4．It is high time that you go to bed. ______________________________________________________ 答案：go→went或在you后加should　It is high time that sb. did/should do ... “到了某人做……的時(shí)間了”。 5．I hate when you say such things in public. ______________________________________________________ 答案：hate后加it　it在句中作形式賓語(yǔ)，真正的賓語(yǔ)為when引導(dǎo)的從句。 五、七選五 Being Refreshed without Sleeping Sometimes there is just not enough hours in the day to get everything done and get a good nights rest.__1__ Once in a while you can get away with a sleepless night and still feel reasonably good by adjusting your meals and activities. ●__2__ The last thing you want to do when you are tired is get warm and cosy；this will cause you to fall asleep.Keeping the air conditioner on will make you feel much more awake and refreshed. ●Eat small amounts.Eating small amounts of healthy food will help refresh you.Fruit and nuts are a good choice because they are nutritious and will energize you.__3__ Try to stick to lowcarb meals to keep you going.Chewing gum after your small meal will also help keep you awake. ●Keep it bright.When it is dark your body thinks it is time to go to sleep.Turn on lots of lights，which will trick your body into waking up and feeling better.__4__ You get double the benefits if it is daytime. ●Take a break.Taking a little break will help you in the long run, Turn up some energizing music to get yourself positive.Relax and talk to a friend in person or on the phone for a few minutes.__5__ A．Keep it cool. B．Calm down and sleep. C．Avoid big，heavy meals as they will make you tired. D．Go outside whether it is day or night for some fresh air. E．Missing sleep regularly can make you sick and should be avoided. F．When you are tired，you may just want to sit around and do nothing. G．Having a good time for a few minutes will refresh you quicker than anything else. 【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了幾種在沒(méi)有睡覺(jué)的情況下恢復(fù)精神的方法。 難句分析：Once in a while you can get away with a sleepless night and still feel reasonably good by adjusting your meals and activities.(第一段最后一句) 譯文：你可以偶爾一個(gè)晚上不睡覺(jué)，通過(guò)調(diào)整飲食和活動(dòng)，感覺(jué)也仍然很好。 詞匯積累：adjust v．調(diào)整，適應(yīng)　nutrition n．營(yíng)養(yǎng)　energize v．使充滿(mǎn)活力　positive adj.積極的，樂(lè)觀的 1．E　根據(jù)上一句內(nèi)容可知，有時(shí)白天沒(méi)有足夠的時(shí)間完成所有的事情，晚上也不能好好休息。E項(xiàng)“經(jīng)常失眠可能會(huì)讓你生病，所以要避免”承接上文內(nèi)容，符合語(yǔ)境。故選E。 2．A　空格處是本段的中心句。根據(jù)本段最后一句可知，開(kāi)著空調(diào)會(huì)讓你覺(jué)得更加清醒、精神振作。A項(xiàng)“保持涼爽”與之呼應(yīng)，能概括本段內(nèi)容。故選A。 3．C　根據(jù)下一句中的“stick to lowcarb meals”可知，C項(xiàng)中的“Avoid big, heavy meals”與之相照應(yīng)，即“不要吃太多，因?yàn)樗鼈儠?huì)使你很累”。故選C。 4．D　空格下一句提到在白天會(huì)事半功倍。D項(xiàng)“不管是白天還是夜晚去外面呼吸新鮮的空氣”與下文銜接緊密，符合語(yǔ)境。故選D。 5．G　根據(jù)本段的中心句“Take a break.”和空格上一句中的“for a few minutes”可知，D項(xiàng)中的“Having a good time for a few minutes”與之照應(yīng)。故選G。