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必修7 Unit 21 Human Biology 課下作業(yè)（一~三） Ⅰ.單詞拼寫 1．Most babies can digest (消化) a wide range of food easily. 2．The flight was postponed (延期) because of the thick fog. 3．We can find the happiness we seek (追求) if we first share it with others. 4．Under the circumstances (情況), we must rely on ourselves. 5．They were accused of abusing (濫用) their power to keep prices artificially high. 6．As we all know, soil is fundamental (根本的) to the growth of the plants. 7．The disappearance of jobs is a symptom (征兆) of a deeper social economic change. 8．Due to bad management, pany profits have been declining (下降) over the last three years. 9．Your suggestion was submitted (提交) to the mission for its consideration. 10．With such a short time left before the deadline (最后日期), it is unlikely for John to finish the job on time. Ⅱ.單句語法填空 1．Many residents are opposed to building (build) the motorway. It is not a wise decision. 2．Lets postpone making (make) a decision until we have more information. 3．He has declined to_e (e) and in that case we can ask somebody else. 4．Nobody can tolerate_being_cheated (cheat), and thats why he has no friend. 5．We seek to_find (find) a way to make us get along well with the people around us. 6．If you want to share a story of your pets with the readers，you need to submit it to Smart Animals. 7．You must carry the necessary equipment (equip) with you，since its all but impossible to find natural substitutes. 8．We shared the belief that if youre fortunate (fortune) enough to have success, you should put something back. 9．Many farmers opposed (opposite) the plan because they feared that wolves would kill their farm animals or pets. 10．She wiped the sweat off from her face with a piece of facial tissue. Ⅲ.單句改錯 1．My efforts to bring about a settlement ended of vain. of→in 2．She chose a novel from the shelf in the library in random. 第二個in→at 3．The number of population in that country is now in the decline. in→on 4．He made fortune in his business trade on the Internet last year. made后加a 5．The students in the lecture hall are focusing in the professors speech. 第二個in→on 6．They are urgently seeking out the posts where they are well paid. out→after/for 7．I am very much opposed to permit him to go alone at night. permit→permitting 8．To our delight, the smoking of cigarettes is in the decline in this area recently. 第一個in→on 9．The drunken driver, rather than the passersby were to blame for the traffic accident. were→was 10．He gave away his all money to buy some equipments for the new school. equipments→equipment Ⅳ.完成句子 1．They tried their best to make her happy but_in_vain. 他們盡力使她高興但徒勞無功。 2．One failure after another wiped_out_his_ambition for fame. 一次又一次的失敗使他成名的雄心壯志化為烏有。 3．Its_clever_of_you_to work out the perfect plan in such a short time. 在這么短的時間內(nèi)制定出這樣完美的方案，你真是太聰明了。 4．To our delight, the_number_of_robberies_is_declining in this area recently. 讓我們感到高興的是，近來這個地區(qū)的搶劫案的數(shù)量在下降。 5．I prefer_to_take_some_exercise_outside_rather_than_play_puter_games at home on Sundays. 星期天，我寧愿出去鍛煉也不愿待在家里玩電腦游戲。 Ⅰ.根據(jù)提示填空 Obviously, most people who try to ?lose_weight (減肥) generally focus all or most of their attention on the food they eat. But what about their behavior? Are there habits they could be breaking that would also help them lose weight? According to the Ohio State University Extension, which summarized the findings, the researchers learned people who ?routinely (routine) ate breakfasts, lunches, and dinners tended to have more success losing weight than people whose eating schedules were irregular. As a bonus, they were also more likely to eat ?a_larger_quantity_of_fruits_and_vegetables (大量水果和蔬菜)． One ?activity (active) that brought a disaster to people who wanted to lose weight was watching television, particularly if they ate while watching TV — especially if they ate while watching TV after 7 p．m. People who did these things, including simply watching a lot of television, tended to have a higher body mass index (BMI), as well as a higher intake of ?fat_and_sugars (脂肪和糖)． Those who ate out a lot also tended to take in more fat and sugars, while eating fewer fruits and vegetables. For the purposes of the study, eating away from home was defined not only as eating in restaurants but also eating food provided by an employer or colleagues at work, buying food at convenience stores or gas stations, or buying food for fundraisers. Finally, the best results were achieved by those motivated people who kept writing the track of ?the_amount_and_type_of_exercise (鍛煉的量和類型) they did and how many calories they ate, who planned ?_meals (meal), and used meal replacements. Those who did these things the most generally lost more weight, ate less fat and sugars, ate more fruits and vegetables, and engaged in more ?physical_activities (體育活動)． So cutting out all those highcalorie snacks will help you lose weight. If so, apparently, will change some of your habits and behavior. Ⅱ.片段選詞填空 treat， swim， clinical， symptom， carry out， human health and wellbeing， the natural setting， water activity， take any drugs， positive emotion) Patients with light or moderate depression can be successfully ?treated by swimming with dolphins, researchers said on Saturday.The study was ?carried_out in Honduras, including patients who were thought by the doctors with light of moderate depression ing from the United States and Honduras. For two weeks, half of the group ?swam with dolphins for an hour a day. At the same time the other half group carried out the same type of ?water_activities,_but with the absence of dolphins. Researchers want to find out the influence of water and ?the_natural_setting. All the study volunteers didnt continue to ?take_any_drugs_ or psychotherapy (心理治療) at least for weeks before the start of the study and did not take any drugs during the study, said the researchers from the division of ?clinical Psychiatry at the University of Leicester Medical School.By the end of the study, those people who swam with the dolphins had a greater average reduction in their depressive ?symptoms than those who did not. The researchers noted that the study supports the theory of biophilia, which thinks that ?human_health_and_wellbeing depends partly on the human connection with the natural world. The findings appeared in the issue of the British Medical Journal, leading to interactions and positive_emotions that result in psychological treatment. Ⅰ.閱讀理解 A (2019貴陽監(jiān)測)Ive never been the kind of person to say, “its the thought that counts” when it es to gifts. That was until a couple of weeks ago, when my kids gave me a present that blew_me_away. For years now, Ive been wanting to sell our home, the place where my husband and I raised our kids. But to me, this house is much more than just a building. In the front room, theres a wall that has hundreds of pencil lines, marking the progress of my childrens growth. Every growth stage is marked in grey, with each childs name and the date when they were measured. Of all the objects and all the memories, its this one thing in a home thats the hardest to leave behind. Friends I know have returned home after work only to discover their wall of heights has been freshly painted over. A new paint job wouldnt normally be greeted by tears, but erasing that evidence of motherhood hurts more than it should. Our kids grow in so many ways, but the wall is physical evidence of their progress, right there for everyone to see. Over the years, Ive talked about how much I would hate leaving that wall behind when I moved, even though the last marks were made 10 years ago when my kids stopped growing. So one day, while I was at work, my children decided to do something about it. They hired Jacquie Manning, a professional photographer whose work is about capturing (捕捉) the beautiful things in life, from clear lakes and skies to diamonds and ballgowns (晚禮服)． She came to our house while I was at work, and over several hours, took photos of the hundreds of drawings and lines, little grey fingerprints (指紋), and old marks. Somehow, she managed to photograph all those years of memories perfectly. Afterwards, she put all the photos together into one image, transforming them into a beautiful history of my family. Three weeks later, my childrens wonderful gift made its way to me — a lifesize photo of the pencil lines and fingerprints that represents entire lifetimes of love and growth. 語篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文，講述了孩子們送給“我”的一件充滿愛意且特別的禮物的事情。 1．The underlined phrase “blew me away” in Paragraph 1 probably means “________”． A．a(chǎn)ttracted me　　　　　 B．surprised me C．a(chǎn)ccepted me D．refused me 解析：選B　詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第一段中的“Ive never been the kind of person to say, ‘its the thought that counts’ ... when my kids gave me a present”及下文的描述可知，“我”以前不相信送禮物的人的心思最重要，但幾個星期前“我”的孩子們送給“我”的禮物讓“我”改變了這樣的想法，所以此處表示使“我”吃驚。 2．What does the house really mean to the author? A．A house. B．A building. C．Objects. D．Memories. 解析：選D　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中的“Of all the objects and all the memories, its this one thing in a home thats the hardest to leave behind”可知，對作者來說這棟房子意味著回憶。 3．What surprised the friends the author know after work? A．Finding the wall repainted. B．Erasing the fingerprints. C．Greeting them by tears. D．Leaving the wall unfinished. 解析：A　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的“Friends I know have returned home after work only to discover their wall of heights has been freshly painted over” 可知，令朋友們吃驚的是房屋的墻面又被重新粉刷了。 4．What is the best title for the text? A．Gift Made with Love B．Buildings Made by Children C．A Very Wonderful Painting D．A Family History 解析：選A　標題歸納題。根據(jù)全文內(nèi)容，尤其是最后一段可知，這篇文章主要講述了孩子們送給“我”的一份用愛制成的禮物的故事，故A項作本文標題最佳。 B (2019名校原創(chuàng)預測卷三)Most couples know you should never go to bed on an argument.But anger wont just harm your relationship — it could also ruin your sleep, researchers claim. A study has found those who were angry generally, and struggled to keep their temper (脾氣), slept worse.They are believed to keep themselves awake by thinking over their disappointment and find it harder to achieve the calmness they need to drop_off. There may even be a physical reason, as feelings of anger increase cardiovascular (心血管的) activity, which makes it harder to go to sleep. Psychologists from Iowa State University based their findings on 436 volunteers whose sleep was monitored after they pleted an anger questionnaire.Writing in the Journal of Research in Personality, they state: “These findings add to the growing evidence that being easy to get angry may lead to poor sleep and that anger and sleep are closely connected.” Study participants were asked questions designed to determine if they were quicktempered and became angry easily.They were asked how angrily they would react to specific provocations (挑釁), such as being criticized by others.Finally they were sorted into groups based on how they dealt with anger — the “angerin” group, the“angerout” group and the “angercontrol” group. The people who controlled their anger, saying they would “keep my cool” under pressure, got better quality sleep during a week of being tracked.But those who held back their anger, within the “angerin” group, got worse sleep by parison.The study showed those who did not let their anger out by saying “unpleasant things”， but instead chose to “boil inside” still lost out on sleep. Previous research has suggested that people are angry because they lose out on sleep, which makes it harder to hold back negative feelings and creates a vicious circle. 語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。研究表明，生氣不僅傷害感情，而且不利于睡眠。 5．Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined part “drop off” in Paragraph 1? A．Relieve anger. B．Fall asleep. C．Behave reasonably. D．Improve a relationship. 解析：選B　詞義猜測題。根據(jù)上文中的“anger wont just harm your relationship — it could also ruin your sleep”、“A study has found those who were angry generally, and struggled to keep their temper (脾氣), slept worse”及第二段的第一句話可知，此處內(nèi)容有關生氣使人睡眠不佳；研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，人們反復地思考讓自己失望的事情會使自己處于清醒的狀態(tài)，并且更難達到入睡的平靜狀態(tài)。drop off的意思應是“打盹兒，小睡”，與fall asleep的意思相近，故選B。 6．How did psychologists carry out the research? A．By asking volunteers specific questions. B．By designing interesting group activities. C．By recording volunteers daily behaviour. D．By collecting data from previous studies. 解析：選A　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Psychologists from Iowa State University based their findings on 436 volunteers whose sleep was monitored after they pleted an anger questionnaire”及第三段中的“Study participants were asked questions designed to determine if they were quicktempered and became angry easily.They were asked how angrily they would react”可知，心理學家通過問志愿者們特定的問題來展開他們的研究。故選A。 7．What does the study find? A．Sleep problems can be avoided by controlling anger. B．Poor anger control is associated with sleep shortage. C．Anger is not necessarily a negative feeling. D．Anger can lead to lowquality sleep. 解析：選D　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Writing ...anger and sleep are closely connected”可知，憤怒可能會導致低質(zhì)量的睡眠。故選D。 8．Which would be the best title of the passage? A．Dealing with anger properly guarantees good sleep B．When and how people sleep when they are angry? C．Going to bed angry can stop you from sleeping well D．How are sleep problems and mental disorders linked? 解析：選C　標題歸納題。縱觀全文可知，本文主要介紹了一項研究發(fā)現(xiàn)——帶著怒氣睡覺不利于睡眠。故C項作本文標題最佳。 C (2019名校原創(chuàng)預測卷一)The way people walk can provide clues about their personality, claims a new study. The study, carried out by researchers at the University of Portsmouth, found that the exaggerated (夸張的) movement of both the upper and lower body indicated aggression. Using motion capture technology, researchers found that movements reveal certain personalities, such as aggression, agreeableness and outgoingness. The technology is widely used to record the movements of an actor, which are then translated to an animated character on screen. Lead researcher Liam Satchell said, “When one is walking, the body naturally swings a little. An aggressive walk is one where this rotation is exaggerated.” The study also found that personalities that help with social skills — such as agreeableness and outgoingness — were particularly evident in people with increased pelvis (骨盆) movements alone, or “hip sway”． “While little swagger (大搖大擺) and little sway in a walk could indicate a person of great creativity，” Mr Satchell told MailOnline. The study assessed the personalities of 29 participants using a standard personality test called the “Big Five”. Participants were also asked to plete a questionnaire that measured their levels of aggression. Motion capture technology was then used to record how they walked on a running machine at their natural speed. While people may be aware that there is a relationship between swagger and psychology, this is the first research to provide evidence based on experiments that links aggression with the way people walk, say the researchers. “We know of no other examples of research where the walk has been shown to have close connection with selfreported measures of personalities and suggest that more research should be conducted between automatic movements and personalities，” said Mr Satchell. “If CCTV observers could be trained to recognize the aggressive walk shown in this research, their ability to recognize crimes likely to happen very soon could be improved further，” said Mr Satchell. The researchers are keen to carry out additional studies and have called more members of the public to get involved. 語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。一項研究發(fā)現(xiàn)：一個人走路的姿勢可以表明他的性格。 9．What can we know about “motion capture technology”？ A．It is specially intended for fastmoving objects. B．It helps to improve actors acting techniques. C．It has been widely used in the field of film. D．It is a kind of exaggerated shooting skill. 解析：選C　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“The technology is widely used to record the movements of an actor, which are then translated to an animated character on screen”可知，動作捕捉技術在電影中應用廣泛，該技術用于捕捉演員的動作，然后再轉(zhuǎn)換為電影屏幕上動畫人物的動作。 10．People who walk with less overall movements tend to be ________. A．a(chǎn)ggressive B．creative C．shy D．honest 解析：選B　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“While little swagger (大搖大擺) and little sway in a walk could indicate a person of great creativity”可知，如果一個人走路時很少大搖大擺，這可能說明這個人有很強的創(chuàng)造力。 11．What do Mr Satchells words in the last but one paragraph suggest? A．Theres a long way to go to carry out such studies. B．The findings will be mainly used to prevent crimes. C．The research result concluded has been put into practice. D．No research proves the relation between aggression and walk now. 解析：選A　推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“We know of ... suggest that more research should be conducted between automatic movements and personalities”及最后一段可推知，Satchell先生的話表明在自發(fā)運動和性格特征之間的關系上還需要進行更多研究。 12．What is the suitable title for the passage? A．The effects of personality types on peoples walk B．A new way of recognizing crimes by ones walk C．How a persons walk indicates his intention D．What ones walk says about his personality 解析：選D　標題歸納題。文章開頭就點明主題“The way people walk can provide clues about their personality, claims a new study.”一項研究顯示，走路姿勢可以表明一個人的性格，下文均圍繞該主題展開，故D項適合作文章標題。 Ⅱ.閱讀七選五 How to Say No Respectfully Like most people, your natural instinct (本能) is probably to help others when you can. __1__ Whether youre declining an invitation to a party or turning down a new project at work, you can say no while still being respectful. Whatever the situation is, be clear, polite and firm when saying no. Express your thanks. __2__ If you have to turn someone down, express your thanks that they thought of you in the first place. You could say something like, “Thanks for considering me responsible enough to watch your kids. Im sorry that Im busy that evening.” Think before you speak. If you say no immediately, it might seem like you didnt even consider the request. In order to be respectful, take a moment to think about your answer — even if you already know what it is going to be. __3__ Give a clear answer. Saying no respectfully shows that youre honest and direct. __4__ If you cant help, say no. If someone is asking you on a date and you dont want to go, make that clear. __5__ You can say no without pletely turning down the request. By setting boundaries, you can make it clear exactly what you can do and what you are willing to do. For example, you could say, “Im not free for dinner, but I would be ing for a quick drink after work.” A．Find a way to promise. B．Take a pause, and then kindly say no. C．But sometimes, you just need to say no. D．Its strange to feel guilty for turning someone down. E．Make it clear that you sincerely appreciate being asked. F．If you feel it necessary, you can also provide a reason for your answer. G．Do not give people false hope that you will be able to satisfy their request. 語篇解讀：本文主要介紹了如何有禮貌地拒絕別人。 1．解析：選C　前面講到“幫助別人可能是人的一種本能”，接下來話鋒一轉(zhuǎn)，說到“在有的情形下你可以禮貌地拒絕別人”，前后是轉(zhuǎn)折關系，所以選C項。 2．解析：選E　本段的第一句“表達你的謝意”為段落主題句，所以空處意在進一步解釋說明這一主題，而選項E的意思是“要表達清楚你很真誠地感激受到邀請”，符合語境，所以選E項。 3．解析：選B　本段首句為段落主題句，意為“在說(不)之前要思考一下”，而B項的意思是“停一下，然后再善意地拒絕”，與此處匹配，所以選B項。 4．解析：選G　由本段內(nèi)容可知，本段主要講明確答復對方，有禮貌地拒絕別人表示你是誠實的、直接的。G項“不要給人錯覺，讓別人覺得你可以滿足他的要求”，與本段所表達的意思相符，所以選G項。 5．解析：選A　根據(jù)下文可知，本段講述的是在拒絕別人的時候，可以留有余地，表達清楚你能做什么、愿意做什么，而A項的意思是“找到一個折中的辦法”，與本段所表達的意思相符，所以選A項。