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Unit 1 Friendship 一、閱讀理解。 Spider(蜘蛛) webs have something in mon with guitar strings. The long, thin strings on a guitar can vibrate(振動). They move back and forth, or from side to side. So do webs made by spiders. The lines of silk they produce can carry vibrations. This movement gives the small creature information about what landed on the web. Spiders have eight legs and usually eight eyes. The animals build webs with their own soft, naturallymade silk. And much like playing the strings of a guitar, a spider can send out vibrations across its web over many different frequencies(頻率). Spiders catch their food, usually insects in their webs. They make small movements, which spread across their webs. The vibrations can give the spider details about what is caught in the web—maybe a possible mate，or something tasty to eat. Vibrations are not just used to spot what is for dinner. They are also important in courtship(求愛), so lots of males will actually create a very specific kind of musical pattern which the females can use to determine not only that they’re a male, but they’re the right species, and whether they might want to mate with them as well. Spiders make their own vibrations to find out the condition of the webs. By controlling the tightness of the material, they can effectively control how information is getting to them when they hang out in the middle of the web.Spiders have a special ability to shape the physical nature of their selfmade materials and creations. Scientists think that spider silk may have changed over time for this purpose. 【解題導(dǎo)語】　本文介紹了蜘蛛吐出的蛛絲可以傳播不同頻率的振動，這些振動讓它們知道蜘蛛網(wǎng)上落下了什么東西并且這些振動在求愛中也非常重要。 1．How does a spider feel that an insect is caught in the web? A．Through its sense of sight. B．Through vibrations of its web. C．Through different frequencies. D．Through a musical pattern. B　解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的“The vibrations can give the spider details about what is caught in the web”可知，蜘蛛可以通過蛛網(wǎng)的振動知道有東西落到蛛網(wǎng)上了。故選B項(xiàng)。 2．What does the underlined word “They” in Paragraph 2 probably refer to? A．Insects. B．Strings. C．Spiders. D．Vibrations. A　解析：代詞指代題。根據(jù)第二段的“Spiders catch their food... across their webs.”可知，蜘蛛在它們的蛛網(wǎng)上捕食，一般捕到的都是昆蟲。它們制造出傳遍整張蛛網(wǎng)的小振動。所以They指代的是昆蟲。 3．Which of the following statements is TRUE? A．Silk produces vibrations as the strings of a guitar do. B．Female spiders make special sounds to attract a partner. C．Hunting will be hard for spiders if the silk is loose. D．The tightness of silk can’t be adjusted once it’s made. C　解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段的“By controlling the tightness of the material, they can effectively control how information is getting to them”可知，蛛網(wǎng)的緊密度對蜘蛛捕獵至關(guān)重要，故選C項(xiàng)。 4．The text mainly tells readers ___________ ． A．guitars and spider webs are similar B．spider webs have various functions C．spiders are skillful in hunting insects D．vibrations are vital in a spider’s life D　解析：主旨大意題。根據(jù)整篇文章的敘述，尤其是第二段中的最后一句可知，D項(xiàng)正確。 二、單句語法填空 1．It was when I got back to my apartment ________I first came across my new neighbors. 答案：that　本句是強(qiáng)調(diào)句。被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分是時(shí)間狀語，故應(yīng)填that。 2．Lily cant fall asleep, extremely ________ (concern) about the result of her maths test. 答案：concerned　短語be concerned about ... “擔(dān)憂，掛念……”，本句中逗號后沒有連詞，故逗號后的部分為狀語，此處應(yīng)用形容詞短語作伴隨狀語。 3．Its no pleasure ________ (go) camping on such a foggy day. 答案：going　Its no pleasure doing sth. “做某事沒有樂趣”。 4．The little boy is clever enough to have no trouble ________ (find) his house without others help. 答案：finding　have no trouble doing sth. “做某事沒困難”。 5．There was no ________ (agree), and the proposal was accepted. 答案：disagreement　由形容詞no可知，本空應(yīng)填名詞，再由后一分句“建議被接受了”可知，應(yīng)填名詞disagreement。 6．He happened ________ (know) the secret, so I neednt tell him. 答案：to have known　happen to do sth. “碰巧做某事”，再由后一并列分句“沒有必要告訴他”可知，前一分句謂語部分應(yīng)用不定式的完成式。 7．He set his alarm clock before going to bed in order ________ (get) up earlier than usual the next morning. 答案：to get　in order to do sth. “為了做某事”。 8．Several weeks had gone by ________ they knew the painting was missing. 答案：before　before引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句，表示“在……以前”，從句常用一般過去時(shí)，主句用過去完成時(shí)。 9．While ________ (wait) for the bus by the roadside, I found a wallet on the ground. 答案：waiting　時(shí)間狀語從句的主語和主句主語一致，且從句謂語部分含有be動詞，故從句中省略主語和be動詞，填waiting。while waiting可看作是while I was waiting的省略。 10．The windows havent been cleaned for at least a year and are ________ (dust) now. 答案：dusty　dusty “臟的，布滿塵土的”，是形容詞，在此處作表語。 三、完形填空。 I was looking through some old photo albums the other day.I had __1__ done that many times before but I felt a sudden __2__ to see them again.I found myself __3__ so many beautiful memories from my childhood.There was my dear Nana giving me a thorough __4__ when I was a newborn baby.There was me and my brother standing in front of the worlds ugliest __5__ our favorite Christmas tree.There was my beautiful Mom __6__ me on her lap.Then the pictures seemed __7__ all of a sudden because my eyes were wet.I just couldnt __8__ the tears.“What is going on？” I __9__.I hadnt cried the last time.But what was __10__ now? I soon saw that it was I who changed.I had __11__.My spirit had walked a little further down the __12__ of love.I realized as long as they came with a warm heart，wet eyes were __13__ to be ashamed of.I smiled and I felt Mom and Nana smiling __14__ on me from Heaven. Leo Buscaglia said：“Im not afraid of __15__.They clean out my eyeballs.” I think they clean out our __16__ as well.They help us to wash away our pain, fear and grief(悲傷)．They help us to __17__ our love and goodness.They help us to bee who we are __18__ to be.The next time you feel your tears starting，just let them __19__. Life is full of smiles and tears.Only by allowing them both can we __20__ live. 1．A.never B．ever C．a(chǎn)lready D．nearly 2．A.appeal B．sadness C．fear D．urge 3．A.shaping B．reliving C．escaping D．building 4．A.bath B．speech C．hug D．survey 5．A.and B．but C．or D．a(chǎn)s 6．A.spinning B．possessing C．holding D．walking 7．A.beautiful B．blank C．a(chǎn)bnormal D．vague 8．A.fight back B．fight with C．fight for D．fight against 9．A.found B．wondered C．hesitated D．discussed 10．A.heartbreaking B．wrong C．different D．disturbing 11．A.grown B．misunderstood C．insisted D．struggled 12．A.feast B．path C．expectation D．circle 13．A.everything B．something C．a(chǎn)nything D．nothing 14．A.forward B．upwards C．down D．behind 15．A.tears B．failures C．deaths D．illnesses 16．A.petence B．inside C．identification D．development 17．A.look through B．clean out C．learn from D．reconnect to 18．A.used B．reminded C．forced D．meant 19．A.separate B．stay C．flow D．disappear 20．A.truly B．roughly C．generally D．tentatively 【解題導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇夾敘夾議的文章。再次看老相冊時(shí)，作者重溫了童年的一些美好回憶，并流下了眼淚。作者從而感悟到生活中充滿歡笑和眼淚，只有允許它們兩者存在，我們才能真正地生活。 【核心詞匯】urge n．強(qiáng)烈的欲望；沖動 v．催促，力勸；強(qiáng)烈要求 I had a sudden urge to call him.我突然很想給他打電話。 We should constantly urge ourselves on to study hard.我們應(yīng)該不斷地鞭策自己努力學(xué)習(xí)。 1．C　根據(jù)下文的“many times before”以及“I hadnt cried the last time”可知，作者應(yīng)該不止一次看這些老相冊，故此處表示作者之前已經(jīng)(already)多次看過這些老相冊。 2．D　此處表示作者突然有再次看老相冊的沖動(urge)。appeal“懇求”；fear“害怕”。 3．B　此處表示作者重溫(reliving)了許多來自童年時(shí)期的美好回憶。shape“塑造”；escape“逃避”；build“建造”。 4．A　根據(jù)下文的“when I was a newborn baby”可知，此處表示作者還是個(gè)新生兒時(shí)，奶奶給她徹底洗澡，故選A項(xiàng)。 5．B　空前的“the worlds ugliest”和空后的“our favorite”之間為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，故用并列連詞but。 6．C　根據(jù)下文的“on her lap”可知，此處應(yīng)表示“我漂亮的媽媽把我抱著放在她的腿上”。hold意為“抱著，托著”，符合語境。spin“快速旋轉(zhuǎn)”；possess“擁有”；walk“遛”。 7．D　上文提到了作者正在看老照片，根據(jù)下文的“because my eyes were wet...the tears”可知作者流淚了，根據(jù)常識可知，此處表示這些老照片變得模糊(vague)了。blank“空白的”；abnormal“不正常的”。 8．A　根據(jù)上文的“because my eyes were wet”和下文的“I hadnt cried the last time.But...”可知，作者這次看老照片的時(shí)候哭了，此處表示作者遏制不住眼淚。fight back“忍住，抑制住”，符合語境。fight with“與……爭辯”；fight for“努力爭取”；fight against“對抗”。 9．B　作者以前看老照片沒有哭，而這次看老照片卻哭了。所以作者想知道(wondered)發(fā)生了什么。find“發(fā)現(xiàn)，找到”；hesitate“猶豫，遲疑”；discuss“討論”。 10．C　根據(jù)下文的“I soon saw that it was I who changed”可知，作者很快明白，是她自己和以前不一樣了。故之前作者想知道的問題是“現(xiàn)在有什么是不同的呢”。故選C項(xiàng)。 11．A　根據(jù)下文的“My spirit had walked a little further”可知，此處應(yīng)表示作者的心靈已經(jīng)在愛的道路(path)上走得更遠(yuǎn)了一點(diǎn)了，即作者已經(jīng)成長(grown)了。 12．B　參見上題解析。feast“宴會”；expectation“期望”； circle“圈子”。 13．D　根據(jù)上文的“as long as they came with a warm heart”以及下文的“I smiled”可知，該句表示含淚的眼睛沒有什么(nothing)可羞愧的，只要它們伴隨著一顆溫暖的心而來。 14．C　根據(jù)下文的“on me from Heaven”可知，此處表示作者感到媽媽和奶奶從天堂向下(down)沖著自己微笑。 15．A　根據(jù)語境尤其是下文的“They clean out my eyeballs”可知，此處表示“眼淚清洗了我的眼球”，故選tears。 16．B　根據(jù)下文的“They help us to wash away our pain，fear and grief(悲傷)．They help us to...to be”可知，此處表示眼淚不僅清洗了我們的眼球，也清洗了我們的內(nèi)心(inside)。petence“能力”；identification“辨認(rèn)”；development“發(fā)展”。 17．D　第一段提到老照片讓作者的美好回憶重現(xiàn)，故這里應(yīng)該是表示“眼淚幫助我們重新找回我們的愛和善良”。reconnect to“重新連接”，在這里引申為“重新找回”。look through“瀏覽”；clean out“把……清洗干凈”。 18．D　此處表示眼淚可以幫助我們成為我們想成為的人。be meant to do“打算，想要”。 19．C　根據(jù)上文提到的眼淚的好處可知，此處表示下次你感覺到眼淚開始流的時(shí)候，那么就讓它們流下來吧。故選C項(xiàng)。 20．A　生活中充滿笑和淚，只有允許它們都存在，我們才能真正地(truly)生活。roughly“粗略地”；generally“大體上”；tentatively“試探性地”。 四、單句改錯 1．He spoke calm to them trying to pour oil on troubled waters but it was useless. ________________________________________________________ 答案：calm→calmly　副詞calmly “鎮(zhèn)靜地”修飾動詞短語spoke to。 2．There was a time that the two countries were at war. ________________________________________________________ 答案：that→when　There was a time when ... 是固定結(jié)構(gòu)，意為“曾經(jīng)/一度/有一段時(shí)間……”。 3．Exact speaking, I disagree with you on this matter. ________________________________________________________ 答案：Exact→Exactly　exactly speaking 為固定搭配，意為“確切地說”。 4．He said that he had fallen in love with Mary for two years and would get married the next year. ________________________________________________________ 答案：fallen→been　be in love with可與時(shí)間段連用，fall in love with 表示瞬時(shí)動作，不可以與表示一段時(shí)間的時(shí)間狀語連用。 5．I have never heard of the names you added up to the list. ________________________________________________________ 答案：去掉up　add to “添加”，add up to “合計(jì)為”。根據(jù)句意去掉up。 五、七選五 Shortness of breath has many different causes，and the treatment of it is specific for each cause.__1__ There are, however，some following first aid steps you can use to treat it，at least until the ambulance arrives or youre able to get the victim to a hospital. __2__ The more energy you spend，the more oxygen you use and the more short of breath you feel.Think about a good workout at the gym.Exercise hard enough and you will feel short of breath.The cure？Take a break. Let the victim sit，stand or lie wheres the most fortable.Therere lots of myths about how some body positions supposedly provide more airflow.Coaches regularly tell players to hold their arms above their heads to maximize chest expansion.Nursing staff assume the “tripod position” is the best position.__3__. Use oxygen.This is a special case used only for people with chronic lung problems.If the victim has oxygen available, this is what its for.__4__ The victim may have been told by his or her doctor that too much oxygen for too long might cause more problems.Assure the victim that sudden increases in shortness of breath are the instances in which oxygen is needed most. Treat the cause of shortness of breath.__5__ Asthma patients，for example，often have multiple tools and drugs to fix sudden shortness of breath.Victims of lung infections may need to see a doctor and heart attack victims may need an ambulance. A．Have the victim rest. B．Take more exercise at the gym. C．The victim should use his or her oxygen as directed by a doctor. D．Therere many causes of shortness of breath and many of them are treatable. E．The victim can try to avoid making use of his or her oxygen whenever possible. F．Every person is different，however，so let the victim decide what position is the most fortable. G．In many cases，the only way to treat shortness of breath is to call 911 or take the victim to a doctor. 【解題導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文，主要講述了呼吸困難的發(fā)生有很多原因，同時(shí)提出了四種急救方法。 1．G　本段主要講呼吸困難有很多原因，治療呼吸困難有不同的方法，因此空處應(yīng)講治療呼吸困難的一般方法，且與下文構(gòu)成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，故選G。 2．A　根據(jù)本段中的“The cure？Take a break”可知，本段主要講讓患者休息這種方法，故選A。 3．F　根據(jù)第三段的主題句可知，此處表示每個(gè)人感覺舒服的方式都不同，所以空處應(yīng)講讓病人決定最舒服的姿勢，故選F。 4．C　根據(jù)本段的主題句可以判斷此處指要使用氧氣，故選C。 5．D　根據(jù)空處上下文可以判斷，此處表示呼吸困難有很多原因，但是可以治療的，故選D。