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Unit 3　A healthy life 【短文語(yǔ)法填空】 How would you use a radio or a telephone 1.　　　　　　 you had no electricity or batteries?These problems bothered British inventor Trevor Baylis.So in 1996 he 2.　　　　　　(invent) a wind-up(裝有發(fā)條的) radio which doesn’t need electricity or batteries.You wind it up 3.　　　　　　 hand.It plays for about an hour.Then you wind it up again. After three years,Baylis invented a mobile phone 4. is powered by shoes.The shoes contain a small battery that 5.　　　　　　　　　(power) when you walk.This battery is connected to a mobile phone.These two simple inventions can bring modern 6.　　　　　　　　　(municate) to all parts of the world. Baylis doesn’t have 7.　　　　　　　　　 university degree in engineering.In fact,he left high school before 8.(graduate).He just loves making things 9.　　　　　　　　　(help) people.He never knows when ideas will e to him.The idea for the mobile phone 10.(sudden) came to him in a dream. 答案1.if　2.invented　3.by　4.that/which　5.is powered 6.munications　7.a　8.graduating/graduation　9.to help　10.suddenly (對(duì)應(yīng)學(xué)生用書(shū)P145) stress n．重壓，逼迫，壓力；重音；重點(diǎn) vt.加壓力于；使緊張；重讀 (1)under stress 在壓力之下 under the stress of...在……壓力下 put sb.under great stress 使某人感到沉重的壓力 lay/place/put stress on sth.強(qiáng)調(diào)某事物 (2)stress the importance of...強(qiáng)調(diào)……的重要性 (3) ①As __has been stressed__ (stress) many times，learning English well is of great importance to your career development in future. 正如多次強(qiáng)調(diào)的那樣，學(xué)好英語(yǔ)對(duì)你們今后的職業(yè)發(fā)展非常重要。 ②The manager always __stresses__ (stress) the importance of hard work.However，after a __stressful__ (stress) week of work，all the employees were extremely __stressed__ (stress) and tired.They plained that few could work efficiently under stress. 經(jīng)理總是強(qiáng)調(diào)辛勤工作的重要性。然而一周緊張的工作之后，所有的雇員都心力交瘁，疲憊不堪。他們抱怨說(shuō)幾乎沒(méi)有人能在壓力之下高效地工作。 ③單句語(yǔ)法填空(2017江蘇卷)Here I __will stress__ (stress) some smarter and more creative examples of climate adaptation. addicted adj.入了迷的；上了癮的 (1)be/bee/get addicted to sth./doing sth.沉溺于……；專(zhuān)心做…… (2)addict vt.使沉溺；使上癮n.有癮的人 addict oneself to sth.沉溺于…… a work addict 工作狂 (3)addiction n．癖好 ①(教材原句)You see，during adolescence I also smoked and became addicted to cigarettes. 你知道，當(dāng)我還是一個(gè)十幾歲的孩子的時(shí)候，我也吸過(guò)煙，而且還上了癮。 ②While his wife was in hospital in the United States，he got totally __addicted__ (addict) to alcohol，and his son __addicted__ (addict) himself to puter games.__Addicted__ (addict) to puter games，his son has lost interest in his lessons，which makes his wife very angry. 他妻子在美國(guó)住院期間，他對(duì)酒完全上了癮，而且他的兒子迷上了電腦游戲。由于迷戀于電腦游戲，他的兒子對(duì)功課失去了興趣，這使他的妻子非常生氣。 accustomed adj.經(jīng)常的；慣常的；習(xí)慣了的 (1)be accustomed to(doing)sth.習(xí)慣于(做)某事(表示狀態(tài)) get/bee accustomed to(doing)sth.習(xí)慣于(做)某事(表示動(dòng)作) (2)accustom vt.使習(xí)慣于 accustom sb./oneself to(doing)sth.使某人/自己習(xí)慣于…… ①(教材原句)This means that after a while your body bees accustomed to having nicotine in it. 這就是說(shuō)，過(guò)一段時(shí)間以后，你的身體習(xí)慣了香煙里的尼古丁。 ②I __am accustomed__ (accustom) to living in the countryside，and I always find it hard to live in the city. ＝__Accustomed__ (accustom) to living in the countryside，I always find it hard to live in the city. ＝I accustom myself __to__ living in the countryside，and I always find it hard to live in the city. 我習(xí)慣于生活在鄉(xiāng)村，總是覺(jué)得生活在城里很困難。 be accustomed to結(jié)構(gòu)中to為介詞，后須跟名詞或動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于be used to。 effect n．結(jié)果；效力 (1)have an effect/influence on/upon 對(duì)……產(chǎn)生影響 e/go into effect/take effect 生效；實(shí)施 bring/carry/put...into effect 實(shí)施；使生效/起作用 of no effect 沒(méi)有效果的；沒(méi)有影響的 side effect 副作用 (2)effective adj.有效的；有影響的 (3)affect vt.影響 ①(教材原句)When I was young，I didn’t know much about the harmful effects of smoking. 年輕時(shí)，我不太了解吸煙的危害性。 ②My advice didn’t have much effect __on__ him. 我的勸告對(duì)他沒(méi)什么效果。 ③(2016浙江卷)While online shopping has changed our life，not all of its __effects__ (effect) have been positive. 盡管網(wǎng)上購(gòu)物已經(jīng)改變了我們的生活，不是所有的影響都是積極的。 ④單句語(yǔ)法填空(2017江蘇卷)What did the Ice Man do to reduce the effect __of__ global warming? ashamed adj.感到慚愧或羞恥的 (1)be/feel ashamed of 因……感到慚愧 be ashamed to do sth.恥于做某事 feel/be ashamed for sb.替某人感到羞愧 (2)be ashamed that...感到羞恥，感到慚愧 shame n．羞恥，慚愧；讓人遺憾的事 ……真讓人遺憾 真可惜！ (3)shameful adj.可恥的；丟臉的 shameless adj.不知羞恥的 ①(教材原句)If you weaken and have a cigarette，do not feel ashamed. 如果你意志薄弱了而吸了一支煙，不要感到羞愧。 ②I must admit to __being ashamed__ (ashame) for what had happened. 發(fā)生這樣的事我應(yīng)承認(rèn)我感到慚愧。 ③Didn’t you feel __ashamed__ (ashame) for yourself when you did the shameful thing__！What__ a shame that you should be such a cruel man! 當(dāng)你做這件可恥的事時(shí)，你不為自己感到羞愧嗎？真可惜，你竟是這么一個(gè)殘酷的人。 【七選五】 Choosing the Right Path to Be a “Better” Person Life is a constant exercise in selfimprovement.In the rush to achieve，the idea of being “better” can bee lost sometimes.You may always wonder how to improve yourself and fulfill your dreams in an easier way.__1__ Explore your talents. Everybody has some outstanding skills or interests.So its often necessary to be patient and try many things before you find one that suits you. __2__ For example，people loving adventure may not be interested in the quiet chess club，but someone who enjoys other quiet activities might be.Determining who you enjoy being around may help you know what youll enjoy. __3__ No matter how much money you make，you will not be happy if you spend your entire life doing something you hate.Its important to at least devote some of your time to what makes you happy. If youre particularly unhappy at your job，consider why.__4__ If you feel your job isnt meaningful，or isnt in line with your values，consider finding another job. Experience something new. Research has shown that when were in our fort zone，we arent as productive as we are when we step just beyond it.__5__ Because of that，we may react slowly to our own positive experiences.Its important to have new experiences and interactions with others，even when those are a little scary.Doing so can help you achieve more. A．Do what you love. B．Here are some tips for you. C．Register in a class youre interested in. D．Human adapt very quickly to positive events. E．Its possible that some changes may change your feeling. F．Similar types of people may be attracted to the same activities. G．Try not to allow yourself to focus so much on a certain aspect of your life. 【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】人生就是不斷自我提升的過(guò)程，有時(shí)我們急于取得成功，卻迷失了自我。本文就如何提升自己給出了一些建議。 1．B　上文提到你可能想知道如何用更簡(jiǎn)單的方式提升自己，下文則給出了一些建議。由此可知，設(shè)空處承上啟下。B項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境。 2．F　本段最后一句提到，判斷你喜歡跟誰(shuí)在一起有助于你了解自己喜歡什么。由此可知，F(xiàn)項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境。故選F項(xiàng)。 3．A　本題考查標(biāo)題句。根據(jù)該標(biāo)題下的Its important to at least devote some of your time to what makes you happy.可知，花時(shí)間做自己喜歡的事很重要。由此可知，A項(xiàng)(做你喜歡的事)符合語(yǔ)境。 4．E　上文提出如果特別不喜歡現(xiàn)在的工作，考慮一下原因，下文則提出考慮換一份工作。由此可知，E項(xiàng)(有時(shí)候作出一些改變也可以改變你的心情)符合語(yǔ)境。 5．D　本段主題是體驗(yàn)新事物?？崭窈笳f(shuō)，正因?yàn)槿绱?，我們可能?duì)自己的積極的經(jīng)歷反應(yīng)遲鈍。D項(xiàng)(人類(lèi)對(duì)積極的事件適應(yīng)很快)正好解釋了下文的現(xiàn)象。故選D項(xiàng)。 due to 由于……；因?yàn)椤? (1)due to 因?yàn)椋捎?，作表語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)，通常不置于句首 due adj.欠款的；預(yù)定的；到期的 be due to do sth.預(yù)期做某事，預(yù)定做某事 be due to sth./sb.歸因于某事/某人；某人應(yīng)得的 be due for sth.應(yīng)有；應(yīng)得到 (2)because of 因?yàn)?較口語(yǔ)化) owing to 因?yàn)?較正式) thanks to 因?yàn)椋欢嗵澚? as a result of 因?yàn)? on account of 由于 ①(教材原句)I think my long and active life must be due to the healthy life I live. 我想我之所以長(zhǎng)壽而且精力充沛，要?dú)w功于我的健康生活。 ②Any money that is due __to__ you will be paid before the end of the month. 欠你的錢(qián)將在月底之前全部支付給你。 ③The meeting is due __to start__ (start) until three. 會(huì)議預(yù)定到3點(diǎn)鐘才開(kāi)始。 in spite of 不顧，不管；盡管，雖然 (1)盡管…… 盡管…… (2)regardless of 不管，不顧 ①(教材原句)In spite of all his efforts he failed.He was so upset about himself that he felt like crying. 盡管他很努力還是失敗了。他傷心地想哭。 ②He went out __despite/in spite of__ the bad weather. 雖然天氣不好，他還是出去了。 (1)in spite of與despite同義，?？蓳Q用。in spite of為普通用語(yǔ)，despite多用于書(shū)面語(yǔ)言，despite不與of連用。 (2)although/though也是“盡管；不管；不顧”的意思，但用作從屬連詞，后面接讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。in spite of/despite＋n.＝although＋從句。如： ③__In spite of/Despite__ the fact that it will cost much，we must take every measure to save the old man’s life. ＝Although it costs too much，we must take every measure to save the old man’s life. 不管費(fèi)用多少，我們必須采取一切措施搶救這位老人。 take risks/a risk 冒險(xiǎn) (1) (2) (3) ①(教材原句)He felt he had to make up his mind on every step instead of taking risks. 他覺(jué)得每一步都得作出決定而不是冒險(xiǎn)。 ②(2016北京卷)The reason why any of us take any __risks__ (risk) at all might have to do with early humans. 我們?nèi)魏我粋€(gè)人都愿意冒險(xiǎn)的原因也許與早期人類(lèi)有關(guān)。 ③單句語(yǔ)法填空(2017江蘇卷)Nevertheless，there are some actions that offer much and carry little risk __or__ cost. get into 陷入；染上(壞習(xí)慣) get into a talk/a fight/an argument 參與討論/斗毆/爭(zhēng)論 get into the habit of 養(yǎng)成/染上……習(xí)慣 get into trouble 陷入麻煩 get into debt 欠債 get into a panic 陷入恐慌 get into a temper 大發(fā)脾氣 ①(教材原句)Of course the best way to deal with these drugs is not to get into the habit in the first place! 當(dāng)然，對(duì)付毒品的最好的方法是首先就別養(yǎng)成(吸毒的)習(xí)慣！ ②It is much easier to get __into__ debt than to get __out__ of it. 負(fù)債容易還債難。 ③A smile can help us get __through__ difficult situations and find friends in a world of strangers. 微笑可以幫助我們渡過(guò)難關(guān)，在陌生人中找到朋友。 【短文改錯(cuò)】 Its not the people you came across in your daily life who will stand by you in time of a need.Its your family who will but its important to know that.It happens such often that we end up take our parents for granted.We hurt them many cases and they are treated with disrespect for not understanding them. Its necessary to understand the fact that there is always different in opinions across two generations.But what really matters is the unconditionally love and care that they hold for us，that I believe is truly valuable. 【答案】　 Its not the people you across in your daily life who will stand by you in time of need.Its your family who will its important to know that.It happens often that we end up our parents for granted.We hurt them many cases and they are treated with disrespect for not understanding . Its necessary to understand the fact that there is always in opinions across two generations.But what really matters is the love and care that they hold for us， I believe is truly valuable. I __do hope__ so because I want you to live as long and healthy a life as I have. 我的確希望如此，因?yàn)槲蚁胱屇愫臀乙粯踊畹媒】甸L(zhǎng)壽。 “do/does/did＋動(dòng)詞原形”構(gòu)成強(qiáng)調(diào)句，意為“確實(shí)，的確”，用來(lái)加強(qiáng)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)氣，但須符合以下條件： (1)句子是肯定句； (2)句子的時(shí)態(tài)為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或一般過(guò)去時(shí)。 ①__Do__ be quiet! 務(wù)必安靜！ ②He __did__ go home yesterday. 他昨天確實(shí)回家了。 ③He __does__ work hard and finish the job in time. 他工作的確努力，及時(shí)完成了任務(wù)。 【閱讀理解】 Recent months have seen a revival of the humble(普通的)bike across China, with an increasing number of people choosing pedaling(騎車(chē))instead of driving to school, to workplaces or to do sightseeing. The introduction of bike-sharing systems, services in which bicycles are made available for shared use to individuals who do not own them and pioneered by start-ups like Ofo and Mobike, has brought the trend to a new level. Washington D. C. has one of the biggest bike sharing systems in the US with 3, 700 bikes and 440 stations. The UK, France and Germany all have growing programs. However, China, so far, outdoes(超過(guò))them all by operating three out of four of the world’s shard bikes. People can unlock the shard bikes by simply using their smartphone. The bikes are equipped with GPS and users of China’s versions can leave bikes anywhere in public for the next user. They’re popular among many Chinese people as they provide an effective solution to the “l(fā)ast mile” problem, which refers to the final leg of a person’s journey. However, the Chinese programs have also led to problems such as illegal parking, vandalism(故意破壞)and theft. In fact, these problems are also shared by bike-sharing programs abroad. Launched in 2007, Vilb is a large-scale public bike sharing system in Paris. At its early stage of operation, it also suffered from problems of vandalism or theft. By Oct 2009, a large number of Vlib’s initial bikes had to be replaced due to vandalism or theft, according to The New York Times. To deal with these problems, the pany came up with the idea of encouraging people to return the bikes to stations by rewarding free time for their next rides. Now, Chinese service operators are also trying to address these problems. For example, Mobike sets a 100-point credit score for each user, with points taken in the case of bad behavior. Once a score drops below 80, bike rental is increased to 100 yuan per 30 minutes, up from 0. 5-1 yuan. 1.What can we learn about bike sharing systems? A. They offer free bike rides. B. They are running perfectly. C. China operates the biggest system. D. France was the first to launch the system. 2.As a means of transportation, bike-sharing can be best described as _______. A. promising but expensive. B. convenient and eco-friendly. C. eco-friendly but ineffective. D. troublesome and meaningless. 3.What can be a suitable title for the text? A. Shared Bikes Pedal into Style. B. Problems with Bikes in China. C. Shared Bikes Attract Young People. D. Transportation Changes with the Times. 【文章大意】本文為說(shuō)明文。講述的是共享單車(chē)成為一種新的趨勢(shì)，并介紹了它的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)。 2.B 【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段可知共享單車(chē)方便而且環(huán)保，故選B。 3.A 【解析】主旨大意題?？v觀全文可知本文講的是共享單車(chē)成為一種新的趨勢(shì)，與A項(xiàng)一致，故選A。