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Unit 4 Pygmalion (選修8　Unit 4) 【短文語(yǔ)法填空】 閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容(1個(gè)單詞)或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。(2017鄭州市第一次質(zhì)量預(yù)測(cè)) Tea is consumed around the world more than any other drink except water. Originating in China, tea has long established __1__ (it) as the national drink of this country. A century before the birth of Christ, tea __2__ (describe) in Chinese texts as a health drink that made one live __3__ (long). Today, it is still being regarded as such. Both green tea and black tea are claimed to be effective for __4__ (prevent) cancer, heart disease, and many other deadly diseases. There is only one point __5__ people need to be aware of when they drink tea — is should not be drunk along with meals. Tea, a popular drink in China and many other countries, __6__ (be) carefully prepared according to local customs. The Chinese put loose tea in teapots, add boiling water, and serve it in teacups. The strong tea from Chinas Fujian Province is drunk in tiny cups before dinner. Lighter tea with jasmine (茉莉), rose or other __7__ (flower), usually served after dinner, is special to Chinas Changjiang River regions. Many English people, travelling away from home, feel __8__ a loss if their favourite teabags are not available. Afternoon tea in England is still a timehonoured tradition. Its a good opportunity for people to socialize or discuss business matters. In Japan, a tea ceremony is often held while people are drinking tea. The ceremony, usually __9__ (hold) in a teahouse, dates back to the 16th century. Guests follow strict rules set up then and the tea used is powdered green tea. Though still practised today, the ceremony may not be as popular __10__ it used to be. 【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】　本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，主要介紹了茶的淵源及幾個(gè)國(guó)家的茶文化。 【段意梳理】 第一段：簡(jiǎn)單介紹了茶的地位。 第二段：介紹了茶的作用和飲用時(shí)的注意事項(xiàng)。 第三段：中國(guó)人飲茶的種類(lèi)和方法。 第四段：英國(guó)人的飲茶習(xí)慣和文化。 第五段：日本人的飲茶文化和現(xiàn)狀。 1．itself　考查代詞。此處填的代詞與句子主語(yǔ)tea形成互指關(guān)系，故用反身代詞。 2．was described　考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境中的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)“A century before the birth of Christ”可知，事情發(fā)生在過(guò)去，且tea和describe構(gòu)成邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，故用一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。 3．longer　考查比較級(jí)。此處表示“讓人活得更長(zhǎng)”，故用longer。 4．preventing　考查動(dòng)名詞。介詞后跟名詞、代詞或動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)，故用動(dòng)名詞preventing。 5．that　考查定語(yǔ)從句。that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，在從句中作介詞of的賓語(yǔ)，修飾先行詞one point。 6．is　考查主謂一致。句子主語(yǔ)為T(mén)ea，且與下文的“is drunk”在時(shí)態(tài)上呼應(yīng)，故此處用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)形式。 7．flowers　考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。flower是可數(shù)名詞，由前面的other可知，此處表示復(fù)數(shù)概念。 8．a(chǎn)t　考查介詞。固定搭配at a loss意為“困惑，不知所措”，故用介詞at。 9．held　考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。hold和句子謂語(yǔ)之間沒(méi)有連詞，故用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句子主語(yǔ)The ceremony與hold構(gòu)成邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，故用過(guò)去分詞形式。 10．a(chǎn)s　考查連詞。由“as＋形容詞＋as”的結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處應(yīng)用連詞as引導(dǎo)比較狀語(yǔ)從句。 Ⅰ.閱讀理解 I am a volunteer teacher in our local middle school.Recently,while working with my excellent student,I wrote him a note regarding an assignment he needed to work on.“Here,”I said,“keep this with you so you don’t forget.” He took the piece of paper and stared at it for a moment before menting,“I can’t read this.”I wasn’t sure what he meant,so I examined the note.It was my best cursive(草書(shū)). It’s true,then.The news about schools no longer teaching handwriting.But I believe it is necessary for students to learn cursive. First,there continues to be a need to sign “hard copies”of documents.There is a sense of ceremony and a seriousness of purpose about the act of signing something.It calls to mind the signers of the Declaration of Independence.Just look at those signatures!John Hancock’s was so robust (遒勁的) and original that,more than 200 years later,it still serves as the logo (標(biāo)識(shí)) of a namesake (同名者) insurance pany.And why not?It is a work of art. Second,a great part of the history of the United States is recorded in handwritten documents,including personal letters.If one has not been taught to write in cursive,it is unlikely that one will be able to read it. Third,and perhaps most important,when one is trying to learn something,somewhere in the process there must be a slow step.Writing in longhand is a means of slowing down enough to be able to think deeply about what one is penning. In times of budgetary trial,schools often jettison music and art instruction but keep dangerous football.If cursive joins those victims from the curriculum,then it will be the loss of yet one more outlet (發(fā)泄途徑) through which students are able to say,“This is my mark.This is me.” I still remember in fifth grade,I once handed my finished work to Mrs.Shaw,my handwriting teacher.She looked at it,caught her breath,and said,“Oh,my.I think you’re going to be a writer someday.” Thank you,Mrs.Shaw,for seeing so much in my handwriting.I needed that push. 1.The author’s student 　　　. A.knew few words B.didn’t study hard C.had poor eyesight D.couldn’t read cursive 2.What do we know about John Hancock’s signature? A.It is hard to recognize. B.It is really appreciated. C.It is used illegally by a pany. D.It was discovered in a personal letter. 3.Which can best replace the underlined word “jettison”in Paragraph 7? A.Focus on.　　　　　　B.Get rid of. C.Depend on. D.Look down upon. 4.To the author,Mrs.Shaw’s words were 　　　. A.quite interesting B.really confusing C.very encouraging D.pretty disappointing B 閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)(A、B、C和D)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。 A record of 6.15 million trips was made by Chinese mainland tourists to overseas destinations during the sevenday Spring Festival holiday，which ended on Thursday，according to the China National Tourism Administration.That is an increase of 7 percent pared with last years Spring Festival.About 374,000 trips were organized by travel agencies，a 2.5 percent increase. The administration also reported growth from individual and highend(高端的) travelers and said that in addition to top and coastal cities，inland cities—such as those in the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region—became important source markets.With many Chinese now traveling abroad for Spring Festival，their choice of destinations has expanded along with their growing interest in foreign cultures and services. “Chinese tourists are increasingly willing to experience local cultures and services，including staying in private homes，appreciating plants and watching monkeys in hot springs，” Li Xuejing，the agencys marketing manager，said. A Chinese tourist surnamed Guo，who was vacationing on an island in the Philippines，said：“I now pay more attention to relaxation and enjoyment during the holidays instead of shopping or choosing gifts for relatives.” Another choice is Britain.Though the devaluation(貨幣貶值)of the pound is a factor，Britains rich history and famous education tradition have caught the eye of Chinese. 1．How many trips were made to foreign countries during the Golden Week of this Spring festival holiday? A．6,150,000. B．2,500,000. C．7,000,000. D．374,000. 2．What can we learn about some inland cities in Guangxi? A．Theyre reported to have bee important attractions. B．Theyre famous for all kinds of plants and monkeys. C．They have the best hot spring in the world. D．They belong to coastal source markets. 3．What would Miss Guo do on her vacation according to the text? A．Go shopping for gifts. B．Study foreign cultures. C．Relax and enjoy herself. D．Chat with her relatives. 4．Where does the text probably e from? A．A guide book. B．A newspaper. C．A scientific magazine. D．An advertisement. 【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇新聞報(bào)道。國(guó)家旅游局統(tǒng)計(jì)，在今年春節(jié)期間去海外旅游的游客人數(shù)比去年同期有所上漲。文章分析了這一現(xiàn)象的原因。 【難句分析】A record of 6.15 million trips was made by Chinese mainland tourists to overseas destinations during the sevenday Spring Festival holiday，which ended on Thursday，according to the China National Tourism Administration. 分析：該句為主從復(fù)合句。句中which ended on Thursday為which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。 譯文：根據(jù)中國(guó)國(guó)家旅游局統(tǒng)計(jì)，截至星期四，在春節(jié)黃金周期間，中國(guó)大陸赴海外旅游的人次達(dá)到615萬(wàn)。 1．A　考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段的第一句“A record of 6.15 million trips was made by Chinese mainland tourists to overseas destinations during the sevenday Spring Festival holiday，which ended on Thursday，according to the China National Tourism Administration”可知，在春節(jié)黃金周期間，中國(guó)大陸赴海外旅游的人次達(dá)到6 150 000，故A項(xiàng)正確。 2．A　考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段第一句中的“in addition to top and coastal cities，inland cities—such as those in the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region—became important source markets”可知，廣西壯族自治區(qū)的許多城市也成了重要的旅游地，故A項(xiàng)正確。 3．C　考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第四段的“I now pay more attention to relaxation and enjoyment during the holidays instead of shopping or choosing gifts for relatives”可知，這位郭姓游客認(rèn)為現(xiàn)在她的旅游目的是放松和享受而不是購(gòu)物或?yàn)橛H人挑選禮物；據(jù)此可知，她在旅游期間會(huì)放松和享受。 4．B　考查文章出處。通讀全文可知，文章第一段的第一句為文章主題句；結(jié)合下文內(nèi)容可知，文章屬于新聞報(bào)道，符合新聞報(bào)道文體的結(jié)構(gòu)特征：先寫(xiě)明報(bào)道主題，接著分析原因。故B項(xiàng)正確。 Ⅱ.完形填空 After an overnight trip to Sydney,I was heading home tired but happy.Stopping at a fruit market,I 　1　 a parking space and reversed (倒車(chē))in.But then I was being 　2　 by one of these pedestrians (行人) for almost running her 　3　 over.The girl was actually a teenager,who was 　4　 enough to possess her own mon sense.It is not the same as seeing a little kid running wild in a car park,where you would stop. After I 　5　,I walked up to the lady and asked her what else I could have done.　6　 she pointed out that I was heading into one car space but changed my 　7　,I told her honestly that I had never 　8　 the park in front and mentioned I had my reverse lights on. “So let’s just put it down to a misunderstanding,shall we?”I 　9　,rather than fight her anger with 　10　 or more anger.She said “Yes,let’s”,but showed me her angry face. An elderly couple nearby had seen it all and told me I had handled it 　11　 and that the angry woman was in the wrong.This offered some 　12　.While in the market,I thought about the 　13　.Had I responded to the lady in anger,then I would have ended up taking her poison on too.But by managing to stay 　14　,there was a totally different oute. Car parks in summer are never the most 　15　 places to be anyway.Fuses (導(dǎo)火線) run short due to the 　16　 and busyness.People lose 　17　 in crowds.But if we are able to consider other people 　18　 only thinking of ourselves,it saves adding any more fuel to the fire. The car park incident left me with 　19　 and self-love.It left the other people with anger. I know which I would 　20　. 1.A.made　　B.chose　　C.entered　　D.ordered 2.A.abused B.punished C.interrupted D.forced 3.A.son B.husband C.mother D.daughter 4.A.strong B.smart C.pretty D.old 5.A.rested B.noticed C.parked D.decided 6.A.When B.Before C.Unless D.Though 7.A.speed B.mind C.opinion D.position 8.A.cared about B.given up C.intended for D.heard of 9.A.begged B.mented C.suggested D.explained 10.A.sadness B.unkindness C.politeness D.friendliness 11.A.well B.quickly C.wrong D.easily 12.A.satisfaction B.fort C.protection D.advice 13.A.journey B.car C.incident D.market 14.A.excited B.awake C.curious D.calm 15.A.joyous B.clean C.safe D.beautiful 16.A.pressure B.noise C.pain D.heat 17.A.weight B.balance C.patience D.face 18.A.because of B.instead of C.in spite of D.in case of 19.A.peace B.confidence C.fortune D.success 20.A.allow B.offer C.demand D.prefer Ⅲ. 短文改錯(cuò) Dear Ms.Li, I’m very happy have you as our teacher.As the world is being a global village,English is getting more or more important,so mastering English means see the world through a new window.My English is just OK and the two main problems in my study is that I feel it difficult to learn words by heart,and that I often feel nervously when speaking English.I dare not speak English in front of the native speakers.I really hope that you can give me a good advice on what to memorize new words.Another suggestion is to give us more chance to practice speaking,for most of the classmates are good at spoken English.I believe we can make much progress in English under his help. Yours, Li Hua 考點(diǎn)規(guī)范練(選修8　Unit 4) Ⅰ.【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是議論文。文章論述了書(shū)法教育的重要性。 1.D　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第二段中的“I can’t read this.”及“It was my best cursive.”可知,該學(xué)生不會(huì)讀草書(shū)。 2.B　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第四段中的“John Hancock’s was so robust and original...It is a work of art.”可知,約翰漢考克的簽名得到了高度評(píng)價(jià),200多年后仍被一家同名保險(xiǎn)公司用做標(biāo)識(shí)。 3.B　詞義猜測(cè)題。由上下文可知,受預(yù)算的影響,學(xué)校常放棄音樂(lè)和藝術(shù)課,卻保留危險(xiǎn)的足球課。如果草書(shū)成為另外一個(gè)課程犧牲品,那對(duì)學(xué)生會(huì)是一大損失。故畫(huà)線詞的意思應(yīng)該是“放棄”。 4.C　推理判斷題。由最后一段“Thank you,Mrs.Shaw,for seeing so much in my handwriting.I needed that push.”可推斷,老師表?yè)P(yáng)作者的話令作者很受鼓舞。 Ⅱ.【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是記敘文。一次停車(chē)的經(jīng)歷讓作者意識(shí)到多為他人著想能給自己帶來(lái)心靈上的平靜。 1.B　根據(jù)第二段中的 I was heading into one car space,the park in front 可知,市場(chǎng)有很多停車(chē)位,作者“選擇了(choose)”其中一個(gè)停車(chē)。 2.A　參照第3題解析。 3.D　根據(jù)下句中的“The girl was actually a teenager...”可知,一位行人因?yàn)樽髡卟铧c(diǎn)撞到了自己的“女兒(daughter)”而“指責(zé)(abuse)”作者。 4.D　根據(jù)本空前的a teenager及下句內(nèi)容可知,與小孩子相比,青少年已經(jīng)足夠“大(old)”了,她應(yīng)該有看到車(chē)子躲避的常識(shí)。 5.C　根據(jù)上文中的a parking space and reversed in可知,這里指作者“停好車(chē)(park)”后。 6.A　根據(jù)本句內(nèi)容可知,“當(dāng)(when)”那位女士指出作者的錯(cuò)誤時(shí),作者為自己辯護(hù)。 7.B　根據(jù)but的轉(zhuǎn)折語(yǔ)氣及作者為自己的辯護(hù)I had never...the park in front可知,那位女士認(rèn)為作者本來(lái)是向一個(gè)停車(chē)位開(kāi)去,但是又改變了“主意(mind)”,向另一個(gè)停車(chē)位開(kāi)去。 8.C　根據(jù)第一段內(nèi)容可知,作者一開(kāi)始就選好了停車(chē)位,所以從來(lái)沒(méi)有“打算(intend for)”停在前面的一個(gè)停車(chē)位上。 9.C　參照第10題解析。 10.B　既然雙方已經(jīng)解釋清楚了,所以作者“建議(suggest)”就把這件事當(dāng)成一個(gè)誤會(huì),而不是因?yàn)閷?duì)方生氣,自己就“不客氣(unkindness)”或者更生氣。 11.A　根據(jù)本句中的the angry woman was in the wrong可知,一對(duì)老夫婦目睹了事件的全過(guò)程,他們認(rèn)為是那位女士的錯(cuò),由此可推測(cè),他們認(rèn)為作者把這件事情處理得“很好(well)”。 12.B　得到了別人的支持,作者應(yīng)該感到“安慰(fort)”。 13.C　根據(jù)本空后兩句內(nèi)容可知,作者在市場(chǎng)里想起了這件“事(incident)”。 14.D　根據(jù)第二段內(nèi)容不難看出,作者并未與那位女士爭(zhēng)吵,全程都很“冷靜(calm)”。 15.A　參照第17題解析。 16.D　參照第17題解析。 17.C　根據(jù)本段開(kāi)頭的Car parks in summer及常識(shí)可知,夏天的停車(chē)場(chǎng)又“熱(heat)”又忙碌,絕不是什么“讓人快樂(lè)的(joyous)”的場(chǎng)所,人們很容易失去“耐心(patience)”。 18.B　本空前的consider other people和本空后的only thinking of ourselves是非此即彼的關(guān)系,故instead of(而不是)符合此處語(yǔ)境。 19.A　根據(jù)本空后的self-love可知,這次停車(chē)的經(jīng)歷讓作者得到了“平靜(peace)”和自愛(ài)。 20.D　通讀全文不難看出,在平靜、自愛(ài)與怒氣之間,作者“更喜歡(prefer)”前者。 Ⅲ.短文改錯(cuò) Dear Ms.Li, I’m very happy have you as our teacher.As the world is being a global village,English is getting more orand more important,so mastering English means seeseeing the world through a new window.My English is just OK and the two main problems in my study isare that I feel it difficult to learn words by heart,and that I often feel nervouslynervous when speaking English.I dare not speak English in front of the native speakers.I really hope that you can give me a good advice on whathow to memorize new words.Another suggestion is to give us more chancechances to practice speaking,for most of the classmates are good at spoken English.I believe we can make much progress in English under hisyour help. Yours, Li Hua