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2019年中考英語完形填空專講專練 The Power of Story 教學(xué)目標(biāo) 1. 掌握本篇完形填空中出現(xiàn)的高頻詞及長難句。 2. 掌握完形填空的解題技巧，并能夠指出本篇完形填空中運(yùn)用到的解題技巧。 3. 通過完形填空高頻詞、長難句等語料的積累，及完形填空解題技巧的練習(xí)，靈活應(yīng)對各種完形填空題。 名師點撥 知識篇 “巧婦難為無米之炊”，在英語學(xué)習(xí)的過程中，語料的積累至關(guān)重要。對于完形填空高頻詞和長難句的梳理，能夠為我們今后的學(xué)習(xí)和提升打下良好的基礎(chǔ)。 親愛的同學(xué)，老師已經(jīng)為你梳理出了本篇文章中的一些高頻詞和長難句，快來看看你掌握了嗎？ 一、高頻詞 【課前檢測學(xué)生的詞匯量儲備, 以教師提問的形式進(jìn)行。具體使用中可以刪去詞義詞性部分，給小例句提示。并標(biāo)記出學(xué)生的實際掌握情況（優(yōu)—良—差）】 單詞 詞性及詞義 示例 備注 掌握情況 power n.1)影響力 2)權(quán)力3)力量 v. 驅(qū)動 The Power of Story The car is powered by engine. 相關(guān)詞：powerful disappear v.消失；不見 …my dog Gracie disappeared six years ago. 相關(guān)詞：appear “dis-”表否定的前綴 believe v.相信；認(rèn)為 I really learned what I believe. 相關(guān)詞：belief search v.搜查 We searched the neighborhood for hours… lost adj.1)迷路的 2)丟失的 3)茫然無措的 I felt so lost after my dog is lost. patiently adv.耐心的 相關(guān)詞：patient; patience endlessly adv.無止境地；不斷地 Search endlessly 相關(guān)詞：endless faith n.信任；信心；信仰 I told her losing Gracie was like losing faith in everything. 相關(guān)詞：faithful adventure n.冒險 imagine v.想象 She imagined walking into a forest and enjoying the fresh air. 相關(guān)詞：imagination wait v.等待 support v./n.1)支持2)養(yǎng)活3)支撐 He has a big family to support. 相關(guān)詞：supporter moved adj.感動的 相關(guān)詞：moving reasonable adj.合理的；公道的 相關(guān)詞：reason unreasonable order n. 1)次序2)命令3)訂單v.1)命令 2)訂購,點菜 The officer ordered them to fire. remind v.提醒；使想起 He reminded her of Santa Claus. suggest v.1)建議 2)表明;暗示 I suggest that we go out to eat. All the evidence suggests that he stole the money. 相關(guān)詞：suggestion; advice; advise; lasting adj.持久的 lasting friendships 相關(guān)詞：last put up 1)張貼 2)搭建 3)提高 We put up advertisements. look up 1)+sb拜訪 2)+sth查閱 3)+to sb 尊敬 I looked it up in the dictionary. build up 1)創(chuàng)建 2)增強(qiáng) set up 1)建起 2)安裝好 3)開辦 make up 1)構(gòu)成 2)編造 3)鋪床 4)彌補(bǔ) give up 放棄 deal with 處理；解決 相關(guān)詞：do with; hold on to 抓緊 hold sth. together 使保持團(tuán)結(jié) It’s what holds our life together. 二、長難句 【課前檢測學(xué)生的句型儲備, 以教師提問的形式進(jìn)行?？梢愿鶕?jù)提示分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)完成句子翻譯?！? 1. When my dog Gracie disappeared six years ago, I really learned what I believe. 結(jié)構(gòu)分析：_________________________________________________________________________________ 本句含有when引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句，表示“當(dāng)…時候”和what引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。 句子翻譯：_________________________________________________________________________________ 當(dāng)我的小狗Gracie六年前失蹤后，我真正學(xué)到我所相信的。 仿句練習(xí)：讀書的時候，你最好記錄下你認(rèn)為對你有幫助的內(nèi)容。 Whenyoureadabook,you’dbetterwrite down what you think is helpful to you. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. …by dark, we returned home, exhausted (精疲力竭). 結(jié)構(gòu)分析：_________________________________________________________________________________ 本句含有“形容詞exhausted”做主語補(bǔ)語的結(jié)構(gòu)，表明主語的狀態(tài)。 句子翻譯：_________________________________________________________________________________ 天黑時，我們精疲力竭地回家了。 仿句練習(xí)：天黑時，我們又累又餓地回到家里。 By dark, we returned home, tired and hungry. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 3. If I knew she had found a better home, I would be ______ (33) yet relieved (放心的). 結(jié)構(gòu)分析：_________________________________________________________________________________ 本句含有if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句，表示如果；本句中的“yet”表示轉(zhuǎn)折，意為“但是”。 句子翻譯：_________________________________________________________________________________ 如果我知道她有了一個好去處，我會____但是會放心些。 仿句練習(xí)：如果我們多關(guān)愛地球，就會擁有一個更美好的世界。 If we pay much attention to the earth, well have a better world. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 4. As one writer said, all (that)we have is stories. It’s what holds our life together. 結(jié)構(gòu)分析：_________________________________________________________________________________ 本句含有1.“as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句”意為“正如…”；2. 省略that的定語從句“(that)we have”修飾all；3. what引導(dǎo)的表語從句。 句子翻譯：_________________________________________________________________________________ 正如一位作家所說，我們所擁有的一切都是故事。它使我們的生活凝聚到一起。 仿句練習(xí)：眾所周知，那些做普通簡單工作的人也在為社會的發(fā)展做貢獻(xiàn)。 As we all know, those who do simple and ordinary jobs are also making a contribution to the development of the society. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 5. Why not imagine now that she was off on an adventure exploring her wolf side? 結(jié)構(gòu)分析：_________________________________________________________________________________ 本句含有1.“why not…”結(jié)構(gòu)，表示“為什么不…呢？”；2. that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句 句子翻譯：_________________________________________________________________________________ 為什么不想象現(xiàn)在她正在冒險探索她狼的那一面呢？ 仿句練習(xí)：為什么不加入我們呢？ Why not join us? ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 方法篇 “方法得當(dāng), 事半功倍。”只有語料的積累，沒有好方法的輔助也是不夠的。對于完形填空解題方法的梳理，能夠幫助我們更好地理解完形填空的命題邏輯，在有足夠語料積累的基礎(chǔ)上，能夠幫助我們爭取高分。 親愛的同學(xué)，老師已經(jīng)為你精心整理了完形填空的解題技巧，快來看看你掌握了多少？ 一、完形填空解題步驟 第一步 通讀全文，把握脈絡(luò) 跳過空格，速讀全文，把握大意。注意文中的語篇關(guān)鍵詞，和句中的連詞，如but出現(xiàn)后就說明句子強(qiáng)調(diào)的重點是but后面的內(nèi)容；再如代詞it指代的定是前文的單數(shù)或者不可數(shù)名詞。找到關(guān)鍵詞可以幫助我們掌握文章的大概意思及其想要傳達(dá)的寓意。 第二步 瞻前顧后，上下求索 聯(lián)系上下文，運(yùn)用解題策略從句子、段落、語篇層面解題，抓住文章中的上下文線索詞?！揪唧w的解題策略會在下一部分詳細(xì)描述】 第三步 再讀文章，核查答案 代入答案，再讀全文，反復(fù)檢查，爭取做到： 結(jié)構(gòu)正確+語義通順+邏輯合理。 二、完形填空解題策略 方法 方法一：詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)法 解釋 “詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)”是指某一詞匯以原詞、詞形變化(如protect和protection)、同義詞/近義詞(如road和trail)、反義詞(如wrong和 correct)、上下義詞(上下義是指詞的總結(jié)和分解關(guān)系，上義詞是總稱詞，下義詞是被包含的個體或種類。如adult是my father的上義詞；coat是clothes的下義詞) 等重復(fù)出現(xiàn)在語篇之中。 例題 例1：He is very kind and friendly to others. Because of his ___________, he is quite popular with the people around him. A. ability B. honesty C. relationship D. kindness 【分析：通過上文“He is very kind and friendly to others”，由“kind”可知因為他的“善良友好”他很受歡迎。故選D?！? 例2：The old man tends to forget things from time to time. In other words, he is more and more _________. A. forgetful B. unforgettable C. easy-going D. hard-working 【分析：通過上文“The old man tends to forget things from time to time”，由“forget”可知他越來越“健忘”。故選A。（forgetful“健忘的”，unforgettable“難忘的”。）】 方法 方法二：上下文推理法 解釋 “上下文推理法”是指根據(jù)對上下文的語義和整個語篇的理解，進(jìn)行適當(dāng)?shù)耐评砼袛啵虼诵柚攸c注意挖空處的上下文語境，判斷清楚所要表達(dá)的含義。 例題 例：When we talked, I discovered（發(fā)現(xiàn)）some differences in school life between the US and China. For example, each class lasts fifty minutes in the US. It is a little __17__ than that in China. We usually have forty minutes in each class. 17. A. shorter B. longer C. earlier D. later 【分析：通過上文“each class lasts fifty minutes in the US”和下文“We usually have forty minutes in each class.”可知美國每節(jié)課是50分鐘，中國每節(jié)課是40分鐘，根據(jù)上下文可以推斷出美國的課時比中國的長，故選B?！? 方法 方法三：邏輯推理法 解釋 “邏輯推理法”是根據(jù)文章的邏輯關(guān)系（如因果、并列、讓步、轉(zhuǎn)折、時間順序、目的、條件、選擇等）進(jìn)行適當(dāng)?shù)耐评砼袛?，因此需特別注意挖空處表示邏輯關(guān)系的連詞（如and表并列，but和however表轉(zhuǎn)折，so表因果，first of all、then和finally表順序等）。 例題 例1：My youngest cousin likes Chinese Beijing Opera very much, but he can’t sing 6 . 6. A. badly B. easily C. well D. excitedly 【分析：通過上文“My youngest cousin likes Chinese Beijing Opera”和連詞“but”，可以推斷出前后存在轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，此處想要表達(dá)的含義是“喜歡但唱得不好”，故選C?！? 方法 方法四：文化背景常識法 解釋 “文化背景常識法”是指完形填空的文章內(nèi)容往往與我們的文化生活、史地知識、生活科技等相關(guān)，有些內(nèi)容是我們已經(jīng)掌握的生活常識，答題時要充分調(diào)動相關(guān)知識幫助我們分析、推斷。事實上，該技巧與“邏輯推斷”常常交織在一起的，因為雖有背景常識，仍需簡單推理。需注意中外文化的差異性，不能總是用中國人看問題的角度來看待其它國家發(fā)生的事情。 例題 例：There are many kinds of animals in the world. Elephants are the 1 animals that live on land. Only some kinds of whales (鯨魚) are bigger than elephants, but they live in the 2 . 1. A. biggest B. smallest C. smaller D. bigger 2. A. river B. lake C. sea D. forest 【分析：第1題，眾所周知：大象是陸地上最大的動物，故選A. biggest。 第2題，眾所周知：鯨魚生活在大海里，故選C. sea?！? 方法 方法五：固定搭配法 解釋 完形填空以語境考查為主，但也有小部分題目考查語法知識、固定搭配和固定句型，解題過程中我們需要結(jié)合所學(xué)固定搭配選出正確答案。 例題 例1：When two people are in a conversation, the speaker will only look at the listener from time to time, in order to make sure that the listener does pay attention 13 what he or she is speaking … 13. A. for B. of C. with D. to 【分析：考查固定短語“pay attention to注意”，故選D?！? 例2：…but we were relaxed when we were lying on the beach. We 10 some photos there. 10. A. got B. brought C. bought D. took 【分析：考查固定短語“take photos拍照”，故選D?！? 語篇精講 障礙閱讀 【遵循完形填空“先完意，后完形”的原則，指導(dǎo)學(xué)生在障礙閱讀的前提下領(lǐng)悟文章的主要意思，防止學(xué)生理解跑偏】 （西城二模）The Power of Story When my dog Gracie disappeared six years ago, I really learned what I believe. Gracie escaped from our backyard around 2:00 p.m. We searched the neighborhood for hours but had no ______ (31). We put up advertisements, and by dark, we returned home, exhausted (精疲力竭). On the second day, I called my animal doctor, the SPCA, and the animal shelter (收容所). Nothing. I felt lost. If I knew Gracie had been ______ (32), I would have been heartbroken. If I knew she was caught somewhere, I would save her. If I knew she had found a better home, I would be ______ (33) yet relieved (放心的). But how do I deal with the unknown? Wait patiently? Search endlessly? Give up? The third day, while I was searching in the woods with my friend Rhea, I told her losing Gracie was like losing faith (信任) in everything. Rhea smiled and said, “You know, maybe Gracie’s on a great adventure.” It seems ______ (34), but I felt better then. Rhea’s words ______ (35) me what, as a writer, I surely have faith in: the power of story. As one writer said, all we have is stories. It’s what holds our life together. We call stories science, some stories myth (神話), but imagine hearing for the first time that the world may be round. Such stories only become real when we ______ (36) them. And some stories are never supported with scientific facts, but they still seem to hold true. For example, ten years earlier, I’d dreamt that I should get a ______ (37), and by that evening, Gracie came into my life. When people would ask what kind of dog she was, I would say Muppet wolf terrier (小獵狗). It was something I ______ (38) because I believed Gracie was half dog, half wolf. So why not imagine now that she was off on an adventure exploring her wolf side? The fourth day started with me finding a ______ (39) on the sidewalk, I’d always thought of finding money as a good sign. And I was sure Gracie would come home on the fifth day. I guess it was another story to hold on to. On Day Five, I was at a friend’s house when her phone rang. I knew immediately it was news about Gracie. And I was right. When I finally saw her in my hallway, I cried. “My wolf days are ______ (40).” Gracie seemed to say. “I’m back to being a dog”. Or so is the story I choose to believe. 文章大意為（只給出關(guān)鍵詞即可）________________________________________________________________ 參考關(guān)鍵詞：the power of story; dog; disappear; have faith in; story; better 參考答案： when his dog disappeared six years ago, the writer realized the power of story. 【注：程度比較好的學(xué)生可以進(jìn)行無選項填空訓(xùn)練】 語篇練習(xí) 話題 體裁 詞數(shù) 建議用時 實際用時 正確率 難度 人生感悟類 記敘文 446 12-15分鐘 __/10 （西城二模）The Power of Story When my dog Gracie disappeared six years ago, I really learned what I believe. Gracie escaped from our backyard around 2:00 p.m. We searched the neighborhood for hours but had no ______ (31). We put up advertisements, and by dark, we returned home, exhausted (精疲力竭). On the second day, I called my animal doctor, the SPCA, and the animal shelter (收容所). Nothing. I felt lost. If I knew Gracie had been ______ (32), I would have been heartbroken. If I knew she was caught somewhere, I would save her. If I knew she had found a better home, I would be ______ (33) yet relieved (放心的). But how do I deal with the unknown? Wait patiently? Search endlessly? Give up? The third day, while I was searching in the woods with my friend Rhea, I told her losing Gracie was like losing faith (信任) in everything. Rhea smiled and said, “You know, maybe Gracie’s on a great adventure.” It seems ______ (34), but I felt better then. Rhea’s words ______ (35) me what, as a writer, I surely have faith in: the power of story. As one writer said, all we have is stories. It’s what holds our life together. We call stories science, some stories myth (神話), but imagine hearing for the first time that the world may be round. Such stories only become real when we ______ (36) them. And some stories are never supported with scientific facts, but they still seem to hold true. For example, ten years earlier, I’d dreamt that I should get a ______ (37), and by that evening, Gracie came into my life. When people would ask what kind of dog she was, I would say Muppet wolf terrier (小獵狗). It was something I ______ (38) because I believed Gracie was half dog, half wolf. So why not imagine now that she was off on an adventure exploring her wolf side? The fourth day started with me finding a ______ (39) on the sidewalk, I’d always thought of finding money as a good sign. And I was sure Gracie would come home on the fifth day. I guess it was another story to hold on to. On Day Five, I was at a friend’s house when her phone rang. I knew immediately it was news about Gracie. And I was right. When I finally saw her in my hallway, I cried. “My wolf days are ______ (40).” Gracie seemed to say. “I’m back to being a dog”. Or so is the story I choose to believe. 31. A. luck B. reason C. good D. problem 32. A. kept B. sold C. stolen D. killed 33. A. mad B. worried C. sad D. moved 34. A. right B. strange C. reasonable D. real 35. A. ordered B. warned C. reminded D. suggested 36. A. hear B. know C. believe D. read 37. A. dog B. prize C. story D. house 38. A. looked up B. built up C. set up D. made up 39. A. card B. coin C. phone D. book 40. A. lasting B. exciting C. short D. over 語篇精講： 參考答案： 31—35ADCBC 36—40 CADBD 文章大意：本文作者通過講述六年前他丟失他的小狗的經(jīng)歷以及心路歷程，闡述了故事的力量。 答案解析： 31. 通過上文“We searched the neighborhood for hours ”和轉(zhuǎn)折連詞“but”，可推斷出他們找了很久但是沒找到，have no luck沒有好運(yùn)氣，這里指沒有找到小狗 ，故選A。 32. 通過下文“I would have been heartbroken.”可知作者會心碎，因此可以推斷出前后存在因果關(guān)系，上文的意思應(yīng)該是指如果它被殺了，故選D。 33. 通過上文“If I knew she had found a better home”和下文“yet relieved (放心的)”，及結(jié)合生活常識，可知比起遭遇不幸，小狗有個好去處是一件讓人放心但是仍然會因為它的離開而難過。故選C。 34. 通過轉(zhuǎn)折連詞“but”可知前后存在轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，下文表達(dá)“我感覺好多了”，上文的意思應(yīng)該與其相對，只有B符合語境，故選B。 35. 通過下文作者回憶起以前的事情可知，這些都是聽了朋友的話后想起來的，故選C。 36. 通過前文“I surely have faith in: the power of story.”可知作者相信故事的力量，因此可以推斷出這里指的是“那些故事會變成真的，當(dāng)我們相信它們的時候?！保蔬xC。 37. 通過下文“Gracie came into my life. When people would ask what kind of dog she was,”可推斷出作者夢見他有了一只狗。故選A。 38. 通過下文“because I believed Gracie was half dog, half wolf.”可知“因為我相信它一半是狗，一半是狼”，可推斷出那是作者編造的，故選D。 39. 通過下文“I’d always thought of finding money as a good sign.”可知作者是發(fā)現(xiàn)了錢，故選B. coin。 40. 通過前文“I believed Gracie was half dog, half wolf.”和下文“I’m back to being a dog”，可推斷出它作為狼的日子結(jié)束了。 精講筆記 【學(xué)生在教師的指導(dǎo)下，回顧本講中積累的完形填空的知識和方法】 語篇中積累的詞匯【至少掌握10個】 單詞 詞性及詞義 單詞的運(yùn)用（鼓勵學(xué)生用所學(xué)詞匯造句） realize … 語篇中的學(xué)到的方法 【根據(jù)具體教學(xué)情況歸納總結(jié)】【至少掌握2個】 方法一：詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)法 如：本篇文章中的39. (coin )… 方法二：上下文推理法 方法三：邏輯推理法 方法四：文化背景常識法 方法五：固定搭配法 能力提升 基礎(chǔ)過關(guān) 一、詞匯/短語翻譯 單詞 詞性、詞義 備注 1 power n.1)影響力 2)權(quán)力3)力量 v. _______ 提示：The car is powered by engine. 2 _______ v.消失；不見 3 _______ v.相信；認(rèn)為 4 _______ v.搜查 5 lost adj.1)迷路的 2)丟失的 3) _______ 翻譯：I felt so lost after my dog is lost. 6 _______ adv.耐心的 7 endlessly _______ 8 _______ n.信任；信心；信仰 9 _______ n.冒險 10 _______ v.想象 翻譯：她想象著走進(jìn)一片森林，呼吸新鮮的空氣。 11 _______ v.等待 12 support v./n.1) _______2) _______3)支撐 翻譯：He has a big family to support. 13 reasonable _______ 14 _______ n. 1)次序2)命令 15 _______ v.提醒；使想起 16 suggest v.1)建議 2) _______ 翻譯：All the evidence suggests that he stole the money. 17 lasting _______ 18 _______ v.警告 19 put up _______ 提示：We put up advertisements. 20 look up 1)+sb_______ 2)+sth_______ 3)+to sb _______ 提示：I looked it up in the dictionary. 21 build up _______ 提示:You need more exercise to build you up. 22 set up _______ 提示：They set up a working party to look into the issue. 23 make up _______ 提示：It was something I made up because I believed Gracie was half dog, half wolf. 24 give up _______ 提示：We’ll never give up until the goal is reached. 25 deal with _______ 26 hold on to _______ 27 hold sth. together _______ 二、句子翻譯 1.當(dāng)我的小狗Gracie六年前失蹤后，我真正學(xué)到我所相信的。 _______________________________________________________________________________________ 2.天黑時，我們精疲力竭地回家了。 _______________________________________________________________________________________ 3.如果我知道她有了一個好去處，我會傷心但是會放心些。 _______________________________________________________________________________________ 4.我告訴她失去Gracie就像失去對一切的信心一樣。 _______________________________________________________________________________________ 5.正如一位作家所說，我們所擁有的一切都是故事。 _______________________________________________________________________________________ 完形練習(xí) （西城二模）John and Mary had a nice home and two lovely children, a boy and a girl. Once John was asked to go on a business trip and Mary needed to go along too. They found a babysitter to care for the 31 and made the trip, returning home a little earlier than they had planned. As they drove into their home town, they 32 smoke, and they went to see what it was. They found a home on fire. Mary said, "Oh, well, it isnt our home. Lets go." But John drove 33 and said, "The home belongs to Fred Jones who works at the factory. He wouldnt be off work yet, maybe theres something we would do." "It has nothing to do with us," said Mary. But John drove up, stopped and found the whole house on fire. A woman in the street was crying, "The children! 34 the children!" John grabbed(抓) her by the shoulder saying, "Get a hold of yourself and tell us where the children are!" "In the 35 ," cried the woman, "down the hall and to the left." Although Mary didnt agree, John wet his clothes and 36 for the bathroom which was full of smoke and heat. He found the door and grabbed two children, holding one under each arm. As he left he could hear some other sound like crying. He sent the two badly 37 and nearly suffocated(窒息) children into waiting arms. Then he was told two more children were still in there. Mary grabbed his arm and shouted, "John! Dont go back! That house will fall down in any second!" But he shook her off and went back by 38 his way down the smoke-filled hallway and into the room. It seemed a century had passed 39 he found both children and started back. They were coughing and he lowered his body trying to get some 40 . As he walked up the endless steps, the thought went through his mind that there was something strangely familiar about the little bodies, and at last when they came out into the sunlight and fresh air, he found that he had just saved his own children. The babysitter had left them at this home while she did some shopping. 31. A. children B. pet C. garden D. business 32. A. watched B. recognized C. noticed D. realized 33. A. farther B. off C. back D. closer 34. A. Find B. Get C. Move D. Hold 35. A. bathroom B. kitchen C. bedroom D. living room 36. A. looked B. cared C. headed D. reached 37. A. frightened B. surprised C. sad D. sick 38. A. following B. going C. pushing D. feeling 39. A. after B. before C. when D. until 40. A. water B. energy C. air D. light 參考答案 基礎(chǔ)過關(guān) 一、詞匯/短語翻譯 單詞 詞性、詞義 備注 1 power n.1)影響力 2)權(quán)力3)力量 v. 驅(qū)動 提示：The car is powered by engine. 2 disappear v.消失；不見 3 believe v.相信；認(rèn)為 4 search v.搜查 5 lost adj.1)迷路的 2)丟失的 3)茫然無措的 翻譯：I felt so lost after my dog is lost. 在我的小狗丟失以后我感到非常茫然無措。 6 patiently adv.耐心的 7 endlessly adv.無止境地；不斷地 8 faith n.信任；信心；信仰 9 adventure n.冒險 10 imagine v.想象 翻譯：她想象著走進(jìn)一片森林，呼吸新鮮的空氣。She imagined walking into a forest and enjoying the fresh air.