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Unit 2 English around the world 一、閱讀理解。 Before I studied psychology，I used to think that people would laugh when funny things occurred.While I was right about that，I discovered there are lots of other psychological factors that make people laugh other than the funny part of a joke.When someone laughs at a joke，there will usually be more than one reason that makes him laugh—and the more reasons there are，the more powerful the joke will be. I was attending a standup edy show in Egypt，and when the man started to make fun of pedestrians crossing streets，everyone laughed their heads off.The main reason why those people strongly laughed was that almost all of them felt angry towards pedestrians who crossed streets carelessly.The joke wasn’t only funny，but it also made the audience feel that they were right about being angry at those pedestrians. That is, people were laughing both because of the funny joke and because of the happiness experienced as a result of the psychological support they got. The better a joke makes a person feel，and the more it includes other psychological factors，the more the person will like it.For example，if you envy one of your friends，and someone tells a joke that is funny and，at the same time，makes your friend seem stupid，then you will probably laugh at it louder than if you weren’t jealous of him. In short，we don’t laugh only when we hear something funny; we also laugh when we experience some kind of happiness that results from the other psychological factors involved in the joke.I strongly discourage you from making fun of anyone or belittling someone to make someone else laugh.All I want to explain is that if your joke supports a person’s emotions，he will certainly like it a lot. 【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】　本文主要分析了人們笑的原因。 1．What did the author find out after studying psychology? A．Only good jokes make people laugh. B．Many factors lead to people’s laughing. C．Funny things can make people laugh. D．Laughter can make people healthy. B　解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第二句可知，作者在學(xué)了心理學(xué)之后發(fā)現(xiàn)，笑不僅僅是因?yàn)槭虑楹眯?，還有很多其他的心理因素的促成和影響，故選B。 2．Why did the audience laugh loud at the pedestrians? A．They played a trick on the pedestrians. B．The pedestrians behaved in a funny way. C．They could feel the pedestrians’ happiness. D．Their emotion was approved of by the show. D　解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句可推知，人們對(duì)行人的行為大笑的原因是他們?cè)谛睦砩袭a(chǎn)生了共鳴，故選D。 3．What does the underlined word“belittling”probably mean? A．Annoy. B．Blame. C．Look down on. D．Make up to. C　解析：詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)最后一段倒數(shù)第二句可推知，動(dòng)詞belittle 和短語(yǔ)make fun of是近義詞，結(jié)合選項(xiàng)可知，應(yīng)選C。annoy“使惱怒”；blame“責(zé)怪”；look down on“蔑視，瞧不起”；make up to “接近，奉承，補(bǔ)足”。 4．Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage? B　解析：推理判斷題。結(jié)合全文可知，第一段導(dǎo)入話題；第二、三段通過(guò)具體事例進(jìn)行分析；根據(jù)文章最后一段的開(kāi)頭“In short”可知，最后一段屬于總結(jié)。由此可知，本文屬于總——分——總的結(jié)構(gòu)，符合本文結(jié)構(gòu)的圖表是B選項(xiàng)。 二、單句語(yǔ)法填空 1．This tree looks tall and strong but ________ (actual) its trunk is hollow. 答案：actually　actually “事實(shí)上，實(shí)際上”。 2．Schools have rights to set down their own rules ________ (base) on the general conditions of the students. 答案：based　be based on “以……為基礎(chǔ)”，此處為過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)，因此填based。 3．The girl used to be shy, but is ________ (gradual) getting active in group work and is more willing to express herself. 答案：gradually　此處修飾動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)get active in，故用副詞gradually “逐漸地”，在句中作狀語(yǔ)。 4．On seeing her new classmate, she came ________ and said with a smile, “Glad to meet you.” 答案：up　e up在本句中表示“走近”。 5．She was ________ worried than angry when her daughter didnt e home. 答案：more　more worried than angry “與其說(shuō)是生氣不如說(shuō)是擔(dān)心”。 6．Buses run ________ (frequent) from the city to the airport. 答案：frequently　此處修飾動(dòng)詞run，因此要用副詞形式frequently。 7．The request is that manuscripts (手稿) ________ (write) on one side only. 答案：(should) be written　request在這里是名詞，作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，后面的表語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)使用“should＋動(dòng)詞原形”結(jié)構(gòu)，并且should可省略，此處表示被動(dòng)意義，故填(should) be written。 8．Sometimes it looks like people with great selfcontrol arent working hard—but thats ________ theyve made it automatic. 答案：because　thats because ... “那是因?yàn)椤薄? 9．There is no such thing ________ darkness; only a failure to see. 答案：as　句意：沒(méi)有黑暗這種東西，只有看不見(jiàn)而已。There is no such ... as ... “沒(méi)有像……的……”。 10．From his ________ (express), I knew he didnt want me to ask this question. 答案：expression　由空前代詞his可知應(yīng)填名詞，expression “表情；表達(dá)”。 三、完形填空。 Mildred Webinga Freeman was an English teacher at the new middle school I attended in the ninth grade.She wasnt my __1__；she was the adviser to the safety patrol(巡邏隊(duì))on which I __2__.I loved being around her and __3__ her sense of humor and kind personality.She was __4__ a good listener. At the end of the year，she __5__ that she was moving to Florida，and I was very sad.We exchanged __6__ and became pen pals.I could tell her __7__，and she treated me __8__ respect even though I was a teenager. In Florida，Mrs.Freeman became a Realtor(房地產(chǎn)經(jīng)紀(jì)人), __9__ she managed to find time to write letters.She wrote __10__ stories and always took my concerns __11__.She had given me a(n) __12__ invitation to visit，and I missed her so much.When I __13__ to take her up on the __14__ ，she answered，“Get your shoes on and your bags __15__ ！You are wele anytime！” I spent three weeks with her in Miami.Her __16__ of poetry，music，and creative writing __17__ me to follow these endeavors(努力)．One day __18__ hanging sheets on the clothesline，she __19__ and said，“You know，the sky is fuel for the soul.”I had never looked at the __20__ before hearing those words.Two years later，I received a call that Mrs.Freeman had passed away. 1．A.mother　　　　　 　B．friend C．classmate D．teacher 2．A.served B．a(chǎn)dvised C．expected D．led 3．A.shared B．enjoyed C．imagined D．found 4．A.never B．just C．still D．a(chǎn)lso 5．A.knew B．a(chǎn)nnounced C．thought D．realized 6．A.addresses B．gifts C．views D．roles 7．A.many B．much C．everything D．something 8．A.in B．a(chǎn)s C．with D．to 9．A.so B．but C．or D．for 10．A.amusing B．different C．emotional D．ordinary 11．A.immediately B．carefully C．seriously D．privately 12．A.urgent B．lucky C．a(chǎn)mbiguous D．open 13．A.decided B．hesitated C．wrote D．hurried 14．A.offer B．promise C．excuse D．message 15．A.bought B．found C．filled D．packed 16．A.love B．dream C．sense D．feeling 17．A.persuaded B．encouraged C．forced D．a(chǎn)llowed 18．A.before B．once C．while D．a(chǎn)fter 19．A.looked over B．looked out C．looked up D．looked down 20．A.clouds B．flowers C．people D．houses 【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文主要講述了作者在中學(xué)期間和一名英語(yǔ)老師之間的故事。 【核心詞匯】adviser n．顧問(wèn)　pen pal筆友　concern n．擔(dān)心的事，關(guān)切的事 1．D　根據(jù)上文中的“Mildred Webinga Freeman was an English teacher at the new middle school I attended in the ninth grade”和空后的“she was the adviser to the safety patrol(巡邏隊(duì))”可推知，Mildred Webinga Freeman不是作者的老師(teacher)，下文中的“and became pen pals”也是提示。 2．A　根據(jù)語(yǔ)境并結(jié)合選項(xiàng)可知，作者當(dāng)時(shí)也在巡邏隊(duì)里。serve“為……工作”。 3．B　根據(jù)空前的“I loved being around her”可知，作者喜歡(enjoyed)老師的幽默感和善良的品質(zhì)。 4．D　根據(jù)上文中的“an English teacher”和“the adviser”可知，本句是對(duì)這位老師身份的補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明。她也(also)是一個(gè)好的傾聽(tīng)者。 5．B　根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，老師宣布(announced)了一個(gè)消息，她要搬到佛羅里達(dá)州了，作者感到很傷心。 6．A　根據(jù)上文中的“At the end of the year, she __5__ that she was moving to Florida”和空后的“and became pen pals”可推知，作者和老師互換了地址(addresses)，成了筆友。 7．C　根據(jù)上文中的“and became pen pals”與空后的“she treated me __8__ respect even though I was a teenager”可推知，作者與老師無(wú)話不談，這與上文作者樂(lè)于和老師相處的背景呼應(yīng)。故選C。 8．C　固定搭配：treat sb.with sth.意為“以某種態(tài)度/方式對(duì)待某人”，符合語(yǔ)境，故選C。 9．B　根據(jù)空后的“she managed to find time to write letters”可推知，上下文表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。故選B。 10．A　根據(jù)上文中的“I loved being around her and __3__ her sense of humor and kind personality”可推知，老師很幽默，總是給作者講一些好笑的(amusing)故事。 11．C　take sb./sth.seriously為固定搭配，意為“認(rèn)真對(duì)待某人/某事”。老師認(rèn)真對(duì)待作者所關(guān)切的事情。 12．D　根據(jù)下文中的“You are wele anytime”可推知，老師歡迎作者隨時(shí)來(lái)訪，an open invitation為習(xí)語(yǔ)，意為“隨時(shí)可以來(lái)訪的邀請(qǐng)”，符合語(yǔ)境，故選D。urgent“急迫的”；ambiguous“模棱兩可的”。 13．C　根據(jù)上文中的“We exchanged __6__ and became pen pals”可推知，作者寫信(wrote)告訴老師，他接受她的提議(offer)。 14．A　參見(jiàn)上題解析。offer“提供，提議”。 15．D　因?yàn)樽髡咭タ赐蠋?，因此老師建議作者收拾行李(packed)，隨時(shí)歡迎作者的到來(lái)。 16．A　老師對(duì)詩(shī)歌、音樂(lè)和文學(xué)創(chuàng)作的熱愛(ài)(love)激勵(lì)(encouraged)著作者去努力。 17．B　參見(jiàn)上題解析。 18．C　一天，當(dāng)老師正在把床單掛在曬衣繩上的時(shí)候，她抬頭看(looked up)到了天空而有所感悟。while“當(dāng)……時(shí)”。 19．C　參見(jiàn)上題解析。 20．A　根據(jù)上文中的“You know, the sky is fuel for the soul”并結(jié)合選項(xiàng)可知，當(dāng)時(shí)老師看了天空，此處指的應(yīng)是天上的云(clouds)。 四、單句改錯(cuò) 1．Oil must be made full use to serve the people well. ________________________________________________________ 答案：use后加of　此處為make full use of ... 結(jié)構(gòu)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。 2．After 25 years, she has changed without recognition. ________________________________________________________ 答案：without→beyond　beyond recognition “難以認(rèn)出”。 3．Try to tell what you think of Tom and of the way which the children treated him. ________________________________________________________ 答案：去掉which或which→that或which前加in　the way作先行詞，且在定語(yǔ)從句中作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，其引導(dǎo)詞有三種形式：that/in which或省略。 4．Helene did not want her daughters to always work in the family business because of she thought it was too hard. ________________________________________________________ 答案：去掉of　because引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句。because of后接名詞(短語(yǔ))、代詞或賓語(yǔ)從句。 5．The manager gave his mand that measures were taken immediately to correct all the mistakes made in marketing. ________________________________________________________ 答案：were→be　that引導(dǎo)的是同位語(yǔ)從句，解釋說(shuō)明mand的具體內(nèi)容，其從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)使用 “should＋動(dòng)詞原形”的結(jié)構(gòu)，并且should可省略。 五、短文改錯(cuò) （2018高考選練） Dear students, good news for you! A blog will be opening on the website of our school, that aims to help students to municate better and improve your English. The blog serves as open platform where you can do lots of things. Firstly, you can share with efficient learning experience to promote your English study. Secondly, if you had any question, wele to post it. And you will possible find proper solutions with the help of our schoolmates. In addition, attracting by interesting topics, you are free to get involved in the weekly discussion. Surely the blog will be very benefit to your English study. And every one of you are encouraged to visit it. 【文章大意】本文介紹了在學(xué)校網(wǎng)站上為學(xué)生開(kāi)的一個(gè)博客。 1. 【解析】第二句opening→opened。此處是一般將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài), 故把opening改為opened。 2. 【解析】第二句that→which。前面整個(gè)句子作先行詞后面用which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。 3. 【解析】第三句在open前加an。一個(gè)開(kāi)放的平臺(tái)。open以元音音素開(kāi)頭, 故在as和open之間加an。 4. 【解析】第四句去掉with。share sth. with sb. 和某人分享某物。 5. 【解析】第五句had→have。此處是if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句, 主句是祈使句, 表示將來(lái), 所以從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài), 故had改為have。 6. 【解析】第六句possible→ possibly。副詞修飾動(dòng)詞, 故possible改為 possibly。 7. 【解析】第六句 our→your。根據(jù)句意可知是在你們的同學(xué)的幫助下, 故把our改為your。 8. 【解析】第七句attracting→ attracted。 此處是過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ), 表示被動(dòng)關(guān)系, 故用 attracted。 9. 【解析】第八句benefit→ beneficial。 形容詞作表語(yǔ), 故把benefit改為 beneficial。 10. 【解析】第九句are→is。此處every one是句子主語(yǔ), 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用單數(shù)形式, 故把a(bǔ)re改為is。