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專題十三　社會文化類閱讀+完形填空+語篇填空 Ⅰ.閱讀理解 A (2018安徽合肥二模) In today’s society,language plays a key role in defining gender(性別) by vocabulary,and also their non-verbal(非語言的) vocabulary.Each one of these different types of ways of municating is obviously different between men and women. Many different studies show that men tend to talk much more than women.It has also been proven that women tend to speak faster than men;this is due to the fact that women tend to be interrupted more often than men are,and also have the ability to speak more clearly,precisely,and more quickly than men.In one study it was found that women spoke for an average of three minutes describing a painting,as opposed to the thirteen-minute average it took men to describe it. Men and women also tend to have a very different non-verbal way of municating,which can also make it very hard for one another to understand what the opposite sex is trying to say.Men’s body language is much more reserved when talking to women.Men tend not to make as much eye contact and they generally stay farther away from women when talking to them.Men avoid other people’s body space while talking,and they also tend to sit back when talking.All of these have given off the impression of disinterest or boredom.Women are by far better listeners and much more enjoyable to talk with and they tend to raise more topics for conversation. Women also make it clearer whether or not the conversation is going somewhere or just stuck in neutral.After learning about our styles of municating with each other,I have decided that although men have not quite mastered municating,what fun would it be if we all spoke the same“l(fā)anguage”?The little games men and women play with each other while conversing would be lost.The question everyone asks himself or herself after talking with someone of the opposite sex,“I wonder if there’s something there?” would no longer exist. 【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文,講述的是“相反的性別,不同的語言”。 1.What does the underlined word“this”in Paragraph 2 refer to? A.The differences between men’s and women’s languages. B.The different speed of men’s and women’s speech. C.The ability of men’s and women’s spoken language. D.The non-verbal vocabulary of men and women. 答案B 解析詞義指代題。根據(jù)第二段第一、二句“Many different studies show that men tend to talk much more than women.It has also been proven that women tend to speak faster than men...”可知許多不同的研究表明,男人比女人更愛說話。事實證明,女性說話速度比男性快。再根據(jù)第二段下文“...this is due to the fact that women tend to be interrupted more often than men are,and also have the ability to speak more clearly,precisely,and more quickly than men.”可知這是由于女性比男性更容易被打斷,而且她們比男性更清楚、更準(zhǔn)確、更迅速地說話。由此推知,此處this指的是男人和女人說話的速度不同。故選B項。 2.In what way do men and women differ according to the third paragraph? 　　　　　　　　　　　　 A.Speed of understanding. B.Understanding of speech roles. C.Politeness of munication. D.Application of body language. 答案D 解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第一句“Men and women also tend to have a very different non-verbal way of municating...”可知男人和女人也有一種非常不同的非語言交流方式,故選D項。 3.What is the author’s attitude to the differences between men’s and women’s munication? A.Cautious. B.Favorable. C.Ambiguous. D.Skeptical. 答案B 解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“After learning about our styles of municating with each other,I have decided that although men have not quite mastered municating,what fun would it be if we all spoke the same ‘language’?”可知,作者對男女之間的溝通差異是贊同的。故選B項。 4.What is the best title for the text? A.Women,born excellent talkers B.Men’s and women’s social roles C.Vocabulary and munication D.Opposite gender,different language 答案D 解析主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“In today’s society,language plays a key role in defining gender(性別) by vocabulary,and also their non-verbal(非語言的) vocabulary.Each one of these different types of ways of municating is obviously different between men and women.”和最后一段最后一句“The question everyone asks himself or herself after talking with someone of the opposite sex,‘I wonder if there’s something there?’ would no longer exist.”可知,本文的主題是“相反的性別,不同的語言”。故選D項。 B (2018安徽安慶二模) On Friday,Germany’ s tele regulator(電信業(yè)管理者),the Federal Network Agency,announced that a number of children’s smartwatches,designed for ages 5 to 12,can allow someone to remotely tap into the watch’s microphone and secretly spy from remote places.The regulator isn’t just worried about the potential of people spying on children—it’s worried the devices(設(shè)備) can be used to spy on anyone. And in Germany,it’s illegal to record private conversations without permission.According to our investigations,parents were using the watches,for example,to listen in on their children during class,said Federal Network Agency President Jochen Homann in a statement. Smartwatches that make phone calls,like the Apple Watch,are legal in Germany.The problem with many of the children’s smartwatches,however,is that the devices have a classic spying function,similar to a baby monitor,which can be easily activated(激活) just by using an app. The German regulator is so serious about destroying these devices.It’s asking citizens to document the watches’ destruction and file evidence online.Once the watches are destroyed,the regulator will provide a “certificate of destruction,” confirming the deed was done. This isn’t the first time the Federal Network Agency told German citizens to destroy a consumer device.The regulator once prohibited the doll “My Friend Cayla”,which was fitted with radio transforming technology that could allow children to be spied on. Remind tech producers:The German government won’t just ban devices that can spy on anyone.They’ll demand the devices be destroyed with hammers (or whatever means of destruction one prefers)—even if they’re dolls. 【語篇解讀】本文是一篇新聞報道。德國政府要求家長“毀掉”孩子的智能手表。就在中國父母們還在為孩子選擇哪種智能手表而糾結(jié)時,德國政府已經(jīng)全面封殺兒童智能手表,并要求國人毀掉已有的智能手表。在德國聯(lián)邦網(wǎng)絡(luò)局看來,兒童智能手表和智能娃娃都是“間諜設(shè)備”。 5.Why is the Federal Network Agency concerned about children’s smartwatches? A.They are too expensive to afford. B.They can’t be used in remote places. C.They are harmful to children’s health. D.They can be used to watch anyone in secret. 答案D 解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第一句“On Friday,Germany’ s tele regulator(電信業(yè)管理者),the Federal Network Agency,announced that a number of children’s smartwatches,designed for ages 5 to 12,can allow someone to remotely tap into the watch’s microphone and secretly spy from remote places.”可知,它們可以被用來秘密監(jiān)視任何人。故答案為D項。 6.How can a smartwatch’s spying function be performed? A.By using an app. B.By using a baby monitor. C.By fixing a device. D.By downloading software. 答案A 解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“which can be easily activated(激活) just by using an app.”可知,智能手表的監(jiān)視功能可以通過應(yīng)用程序來實現(xiàn)。故選A項。 7.What will citizens get after destroying the watches? A.A document. B.A doll. C.A certificate. D.A prize. 答案C 解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中“Once the watches are destroyed,the regulator will provide a ‘certificate of destruction’...”可知,在毀壞了這些手表之后,人們會得到一個證書?？芍鸢笧镃項。 8.What can we infer about the German government’s attitude to children’s smartwatches? A.Doubtful. B.Supportive. C.Acceptable. D.Unbearable. 答案D 解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“The German government won’t just ban devices that can spy on anyone.They’ll demand the devices be destroyed with hammers(or whatever means of destruction one prefers)—even if they’re dolls.”德國政府不僅會禁用那些給監(jiān)視監(jiān)聽打開方便之門的設(shè)備,他們還會要求人們用錘子(或隨便其他什么破壞工具)砸爛這些設(shè)備——就算是玩具娃娃也不會放過。由此可知,德國政府對智能手表的態(tài)度是不能容忍的。故選D項。 C (2018安徽江淮十校第二次聯(lián)考) The last thing Caitlin Hipp would have expected as she prepared to turn 28 years old was to be living at home with her parents.All she’s ever wanted to do is to bee an elementary school teacher.However,Hipp has racked up(累計) $100,000(about 0.67 million yuan) in student loan debt and isn’t able to earn enough through working as a part-time skating instructor and restaurant server to live anywhere other than home. To some degree,multigenerational households have always been a part of American life.However,the number of adults who have been moving back in with their parents or never leaving home in the first place has been growing steadily. The Pew Research Center recently reported that 2016 was a milestone in the evolving living arrangements of young adults in the US.Until 2016,the most mon living arrangement for young adults was to be living in their own property as part of a couple.UBS Financial Services,a Swiss global financial services pany,released a report that even suggests one reason for the growing number of young adults still living at home could be that their family doesn’t want them to leave.The report shows that 74 percent of millennials(千禧一代) get some kind of financial support from their parents after college.Millennials see their parents as peers,friends and mentors(導(dǎo)師).In return,their parents happily provide financial support well into adulthood,helping fund everything for them.Stuart Hoffman,chief economist for the PNC Financial Group in the US,said “Although job growth for millennials since 2014 has improved,that doesn’t necessarily mean that millennials are starting to fly the nest,”he said.“They may like living at home and being able to save money.” He added,“While it has held back household formation and purchases on things,they are probably traveling more and eating out more.I don’t know if it represents a change in moral values.It’s much more mon for adult children to live in their parents’ homes because it’s being part of the culture.” 【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。在西方的傳統(tǒng)觀念中,成年即意味著要離開父母,獨(dú)立生活。然而現(xiàn)在,越來越多的西方年輕人更傾向于與父母同住。 9.What’s the purpose of Caitlin Hipp’s story? A.To prove the author’s view. B.To introduce her situation. C.To present the topic. D.To make readers rethink about the problem. 答案C 解析推理判斷題。在西方的傳統(tǒng)觀念中,成年即意味著要離開父母,獨(dú)立生活。然而現(xiàn)在,越來越多的西方年輕人更傾向于與父母同住……。作者在第一段講述Caitlin Hipp的故事,就是為了引出本文話題,“在某種程度上,幾代同堂一直都是美國人生活的一部分。然而,搬回來和父母同住、或從一開始就沒離開過家的成年人數(shù)量正穩(wěn)步上升?！惫蔬xC項。 10.What does the underlined part (Paragraph 1) probably refer to? A.Live with parents. B.Live independently. C.Stay at home. D.Leave home. 答案B 解析詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句“However,Hipp has racked up(累計) $100,000 (about 0.67 million yuan) in student loan debt and isn’t able to earn enough through working as a part-time skating instructor and restaurant server...”Hipp身負(fù)10萬美元(約67萬元人民幣)的學(xué)生貸款債務(wù)。她目前的工作是兼職滑冰教練和餐廳服務(wù)員,所以她掙的工資根本無法讓她離家獨(dú)立生活?？芍嬀€部分live anywhere other than home的意思是“離開父母獨(dú)自生活”,故選B項。 11.According to Hoffman,which of the following is true? A.It isn’t necessary for millennials to leave the nest. B.They can spend less money on their daily life. C.Moral values are changing gradually. D.Young adults are living in a different lifestyle. 答案D 解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段最后一句“They may like living at home and being able to save money.”和最后一段內(nèi)容可知,按照Hoffman所說,年輕人正過著一種不同的生活方式。故選D項。 12.What’s the main idea of the passage? A.Why is the number of the millennial growing steadily? B.Why has the percentage of adults living with their parents been on the rise? C.Why are parents willing to help fund for young adults? D.Why do more adults treat their parents as peers,friends and guides? 答案B 解析主旨大意題。在某種程度上,幾代同堂一直都是美國人生活的一部分。然而,搬回來和父母同住或從一開始就沒離開過家的成年人數(shù)量正穩(wěn)步上升。所以本文主題應(yīng)該是B項“Why has the percentage of adults living with their parents been on the rise?”為什么與父母生活在一起的成年人的比例在上升? Ⅱ.完形填空 (2018黑龍江齊齊哈爾三模) When I was a young man I had much ego(自負(fù)).I thought I 　1　 everything.I looked forward to fame and success.I can even remember once in college 　2　 telling one of my friends,“If only everyone listened to me,then they would all be happy.” I 　3　 left school,ready to take on the world.Little did I know the world was about to take on me. In the 　4　following college,instead of success,I found struggles.I had 　5　 in finding work.My jobs were either temporary or were 　6　 badly.When my wife and I had children,we were 　7　 to learn that both of our sons had Autism (自閉癥) and would need to be 　8　 for the rest of their lives.I had no 　9　why this had happened to us. In time,however,I began to 　10　.My ego was decreasing fast.Instead of success,I found my 　11　 in moments of love.Playing and 　12　 with my sons brought me so much happiness.My boys 　13　 me more about peace,patience,joy and love than I could have ever learned on my own.I began to share the 　14　 I learned through my writings and my life.I finally realized that my 　15　 in this world had nothing to do with fame or success.　16　,it had everything to do with allowing love and light into my life and 　17　 it with everyone I could. You may not be happy 100% of the time.　18　 can be in this world.Yet,you will find a joy no earthly(世俗的) 　19　 could ever give.Put all of your moments,days,and years to good use then.　20　 them with love. 【語篇解讀】本文為夾敘夾議文。作者年輕時很自負(fù),認(rèn)為自己一定會成功成名。不料畢業(yè)后不僅沒有成功反而生活很困難,尤其是當(dāng)聽到兩個兒子都有自閉癥時,極度震驚。然而隨著時間的推移,作者發(fā)生了變化。在與兒子的相處中找到了快樂和愛,找到了超越世俗的成功,就是好好利用你所有的時間,用愛激活它們。 1.A.knew B.deserved C.possessed D.confirmed 答案A 解析考查動詞。know“知道”;deserve“值得,應(yīng)得”;possess“擁有”;confirm“確認(rèn),證實”。根據(jù)第一句“When I was a young man I had much ego(自負(fù))”可知,“我”年輕時很自負(fù),所以“我”認(rèn)為自己什么都知道(know)。分析選項可知A項符合題意。 2.A.calmly B.honestly C.proudly D.eagerly 答案C 解析考查副詞辨析。calmly“冷靜地”;honestly“誠實地”;proudly“驕傲地,自豪地”;eagerly“熱切地”。根據(jù)前文可知,“我”很自負(fù),認(rèn)為自己什么都懂,所以才會驕傲地(proudly)告訴“我”的朋友……。故選C項。 3.A.frequently B.finally C.suddenly D.smoothly 答案B 解析考查副詞辨析。frequently“頻繁地,屢次地”;finally“最后,終于”;suddenly“突然地”;smoothly“順利地”?！拔摇弊罱K大學(xué)畢業(yè)了,找工作。因此選B項。 4.A.years B.months C.weeks D.days 答案A 解析考查名詞辨析。根據(jù)上下文可知,在大學(xué)畢業(yè)后的幾年里(years),“我”沒有取得成功,反而是生活得很艱難。故選A項。 5.A.fun B.regret C.power D.trouble 答案D 解析考查固定搭配。fun“有趣”;regret“遺憾,后悔”;power“動力,能力”;trouble“麻煩,困難”。根據(jù)“instead of success,I found struggles”。struggle“難事”,可推斷出“我”找工作很困難。故選D項。 6.A.done B.paid C.prepared D.judged 答案B 解析考查動詞辨析。do“做”;pay“有報酬,領(lǐng)取報酬,領(lǐng)錢,付費(fèi)”;prepare“準(zhǔn)備”;judge“判斷”。根據(jù)“My jobs were either temporary...”可知,“我”的工作要么是臨時的,要么是報酬差的。分析選項只有B項(被付報酬)符合題意,故選B項。 7.A.exhausted B.annoyed C.shocked D.embarrassed 答案C 解析考查形容詞辨析。exhausted“筋疲力盡的”;annoyed“惱怒的”;shocked“震驚的”;embarrassed“為難的,尷尬的”。根據(jù)“...learn that both of our sons had Autism(自閉癥)”可知,知道兩個兒子都是自閉癥,一定是很震驚的(shocked)。故選C項。 8.A.taken charge of B.paid attention to C.put up with D.taken care of 答案D 解析考查動詞短語辨析。take charge of“負(fù)責(zé)”;pay attention to“注意”;put up with“提出”;take care of“照顧”。根據(jù)上文可知,兩個孩子都有自閉癥,所以作者夫婦要照顧(take care of)他們余生,故選D項。 9.A.belief B.hope C.opinion D.idea 答案D 解析考查固定搭配。have no idea為固定搭配,意為“不知道”。此句意為“我不知道為什么這事會發(fā)生在我們身上?！惫蔬xD項。 10.A.agree B.change C.struggle D.improve 答案B 解析考查動詞辨析。agree“同意,贊成”;change“改變,變化”;struggle“努力,掙扎”;improve“提高,改善”。根據(jù)文章可知,以前“我”是一個自負(fù)的人,但隨著時間的推移,“我”不再自負(fù)。故可知“我”開始改變(change)了。故選B項。 11.A.challenge B.joy C.luck D.goal 答案B 解析考查動詞辨析。challenge“挑戰(zhàn)”;joy“快樂”;luck“幸運(yùn),運(yùn)氣”;goal“目標(biāo)”?！拔摇痹趷鄣乃查g找到了快樂,故選B項。 12.A.laughing B.toying C.swimming D.working 答案A 解析考查動詞辨析。根據(jù)后面的“和孩子一起玩帶給我那么多的快樂”可知,帶來快樂的還有和孩子們一起笑(laughing),故選A項。 13.A.fetched B.brought C.prepared D.taught 答案D 解析考查動詞辨析。fetch“取來”;bring“帶來”;prepare“準(zhǔn)備”;teach“教”。孩子們教給“我”的更多的是和平、耐心、歡樂和愛,這是“我”自己無法學(xué)會的。分析選項可知D項符合題意。 14.A.theories B.contents C.lessons D.truths 答案C 解析考查名詞辨析。theory“理論”;content“內(nèi)容”;lesson“課程,經(jīng)驗教訓(xùn)”;truth“事實”。根據(jù)前文說孩子們教會“我”許多東西,這是“我”自已無法學(xué)到的經(jīng)驗教訓(xùn),可推斷出通過寫作“我”開始分享“我”學(xué)到的經(jīng)驗教訓(xùn)(lessons),故選C項。 15.A.demand B.career C.purpose D.world 答案C 解析考查名詞辨析。demand“要求”;career“事業(yè)”;purpose“目的”;world“世界”?！拔摇苯K于意識到“我”在這個世界上的目的與名聲和成功無關(guān)。故選C項。 16.A.Therefore B.Again C.Also D.Instead 答案D 解析考查副詞辨析。therefore“因此”;again“再,又”;also“也,和”;instead“相反”。根據(jù)前一句說在這個世界上目的與名聲和成功無關(guān),而是與生活中的愛與陽光有關(guān)。前后兩句是相反的,故選D項。 17.A.sharing B.owning C.admiring D.enjoying 答案A 解析考查固定搭配。share sth.with sb為固定搭配,意為“與某人分享某事”。本句意為“生活的目的也與我能與大家分享這些有關(guān)?！惫蔬xA項。 18.A.Somebody B.Nobody C.Everybody D.Anybody 答案B 解析考查人稱代詞。somebody“某人”;nobody“沒人”;everybody“每個人”;anybody“任何人”。根據(jù)前一句“You may not be happy 100% of the time.”可知,世界上沒有人能一直快樂。故選B項。 19.A.person B.matter C.success D.experience 答案C 解析考查名詞辨析。person“人”;matter“事情”;success“成功”;experience“經(jīng)歷,經(jīng)驗”。本文中主要說作者在年輕時很自負(fù),期待成功。然而事與愿違。畢業(yè)后一直沒有成功,兩個自閉癥兒子讓作者發(fā)生了改變,雖然沒有物質(zhì)上的成功,但作者卻從兒子身上學(xué)到了許多,也可以說是取得了超越世俗的成功(success)。而且這個success貫穿全文,故選C項。 20.A.Live B.Fill C.Exchange D.Equip 答案A 解析考查動詞辨析。live“實踐,生存”;fill“充滿,(使)裝滿”;exchange“交換,互換”;equip“裝備,配備”。然后好好利用你所有的時間、日子和年歲。用愛來實踐。故選A項。 Ⅲ.語篇填空 (2018陜西西安八校第一次聯(lián)考) Some of the most interesting words in English are the actual names of the people first involved in the activities that 1.(convey) by the meanings of the words.The word boycott,for instance,2.(e) from the case of Sir Charles Boytt(1832—1897),a land agent in Ireland,3.　　　　　　 was ostracized(孤立)by his tenants because he refused to lower the rents.Vidkun Quisling’s name 4.(quick) became a bad 5.(add)to the English language during World War II.He was a Norwegian politician who betrayed his country to the Nazis,and his name,Quisling,now refers to “traitor”(叛徒).Perhaps a moner name example,at least6.young people around the world,is Levi’s.These popular blue jeans are named after Levi Strauss,the man who first 7.(make)them in San Francisco in 1850.Perhaps 8.most mon of all is the sandwich,named for the Fourth Earl of Sandwich(1718—1792),who created this quick portable meal so that 9.would not have to leave the gambling table 10.(eat).Other words in this unique category include lynch,watt,davenport,and zeppelin. 答案與解析 【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章講述的是英語中一些最有趣的詞與參與活動人員的實際姓名有關(guān)。 1.are conveyed　考查語態(tài)。句意:通過詞的意義所傳達(dá)的活動。此處the activities是先行詞,復(fù)數(shù)形式,在后面的定語從句中作主語,activities和convey之間是被動關(guān)系,根據(jù)句意可知用一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)的被動語態(tài),故答案為are conveyed。 2.es　考查時態(tài)。句子主語是the word “boycott”,單數(shù)第三人稱,一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài),故答案為es。 3.who　考查定語從句。此處Sir Charles Boytt是先行詞,指人,在后面的非限制性定語從句中作主語,故答案為who。 4.quickly　考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。副詞修飾動詞,故答案為quickly。 5.addition　考查詞形轉(zhuǎn)換。形容詞修飾名詞,bad是形容詞,且前有a,故答案為addition“添加,添加物”。 6.among/for　考查介詞。句意:舉一個也許是一個平民化的名字的例子,至少對世界各地的年輕人來說是這樣,李維斯。根據(jù)句意可知答案為among/for。 7.made　考查時態(tài)。根據(jù)in 1850可知句子用一般過去時態(tài),故答案為made。 8.the　考查冠詞。根據(jù)of all可知句子用最高級,故答案為the。 9.he　考查代詞。此處so that引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句,句子缺少主語,可知用he代替the Fourth Earl of Sandwich。 10.to eat　考查非謂語動詞。句意:他不必離開賭桌去吃飯。此處是動詞不定式作目的狀語,故答案為to eat。